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Aim To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different routes for vinpocetine injection by intravenous or trans-angiographic catheter on cerebral vasospasm(CVS).Methods A total of 105 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage(aSAH)patients with CVS following intracranial aneurysm embolization were chosen and randomly divided into group C, B and A, with 35 cases in each group.Patients in group C were treated with 3H therapeutic regimen, while those in group B and A were with 3H therapeutic regimen plus vinpocetine by intravenous injection or trans-angiographic catheter, respectively.The index including middle cerebral artery(MCA) blood flow velocity, National Institutes of Health stroke scale(NIHSS) score, Glasgow outcome scale(GOS) grading, clinical efficacy, hypotension rate and rehaemorrhagia rate were detected and compared among three groups.Results After the 7 d and 14 d treatment, the MCA blood flow velocity of group A and B was observed to be significantly lower than that of group C(P0.05) observed in the hypotension rate between group A and C.Also, there was no statistical difference(P>0.05)found in the rehaemorrhagia rate among three groups.However, the GOS grading of group A and B was significantly better than that of group C(P<0.05), and the grading of group A was significantly better than that of group B(P<0.05)after 3 months treatment.Conclusions Using vinpocetine by intravascular injection or by trans-angiographic catheter could be the efficient treatment for the CVS after intracranial aneurysm embolization, and vinpocetine injection by trans-angiographic catheter is the better mode of administration with the consideration of efficacy and safety.
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Objective To investigate the effects of nicergoline on expressions of 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A receptor (5-HT1AR), D2 dopamine receptor (D2DR),α2A adrenaline receptor (α2AAR) in the hippocampal CA1 region and the serum level of apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) in a rat model of vascular depression (VD) . Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Daw ley rats w ere randomly al ocated into a normal control group, a model group, fluoxetine group, a low-dose nicergoline group, a medium-dose nicergoline group, and a nicergoline high-dose group ( n=8 in each group). A rat model of VD w as induced by the ligation of bilateral common carotid arteries combined w ith chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) plus single housing. The rats did not conduct CUMS or single housing in the normal control group, and the rats in the model group conducted CUMS and single housing. The rats in the fluoxetine group w ere given fluoxetine 1.3 mg/(kg· d) for gastric lavage for 3 w eeks at the beginning of CUMS and single housing. The rats in the low -, medium-and high-dose nicergoline groups w ere given nicergoline 0.9, 1.9 and 3.8 mg/(kg· d), respectively for gastric lavage for 3 w eeks at the beginning of CUMS and single housing. The normal control group and the model group w ere given equal volume of distil ed w ater for gastric lavage, once a day for 3 w eeks. Depression-like behavior w as evaluated using sucrose solution consumption and open-field test. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of 5-HT1AR, D2DR, andα2AAR in the hippocampal CA1 region. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay w as used to detect serum ApoE4 level. Results Before CUMS, the scores of horizontal and vertical movement and sucrose solution consumption in the model group, the fluoxetine group and each nicergoline group w ere decreased significantly compared w ith the normal control group (al P<0.01);w hile at 21 days after CUMS, those in the fluoxetine group and the nicergoline medium-and high-dose groups w ere significantly higher than those in the model group (al P<0.05). There w ere no significant differences betw een the fluoxetine group and each nicergoline group. The expression levels of 5-HT1A R, D2DR, α2A AR, and the serum ApoE4 in the model group, the fluoxetine group, and each nicergoline group w ere significantly higher than those in the normal control group. Those of the fluoxetine group and the nicergoline medium -and high-dose groups were significantly lower than the model group (al P<0.01), while there were no significant differences betw een the fluoxetine group and each nicergoline group. Conclusions Nicergoline can improve the depression-like behavior in VD rats. Its mechanism may be associated w ith the dow nregulation of 5-HT1AR, D2DR, α2AAR expressions and serum ApoE4 level.
ABSTRACT
Objectives:To observe the changes of the tongues in rats with blood-stasis syndrome induced mainly by cold. To explore the evidence that tongues were the target of blood stasis syndrome and the target of medication. Methods: Rats with blood-stasis syndrome induced by cold (BSC group) were dipped into ice water (0 ℃) for 5 minutes every day and lasted 20d individually. Different drugs were given orally after the model establishment. And then we took photos of tongues of all rats by digital camera, analyzed the gray scale value of all rats' tongues using image analysis software, and observed the capillaries in tongues by electron microscope. Results: The tongues of rats which had been frozen in ice water for 20 d (once a day) were dark purple, the same as that of models induced by chemical materials .While as for the normal rats, the tongues were lustrous and ruddy. The changes of color of the tongues persisted about 1 week and were great obvious at the 3rd day after the model establishment among different time-points. After given different drugs, the degree of dark purple tongue degraded, showed significant difference (P < 0.01) from that of model rats. The capillary stegnosis and nucleus turgescence of vascular endothelial cell were observed in tongues in BSC group by using electron microscope. After medication, the above changes recovered. Conclusion: The degree of dark purple tongue indicates the degree of diseases with blood-stasis syndrome. The tongue probably is a target of drug treatment.