The effect of honey on post-tonsillectomy pain relief: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the effects of honey on the incidence of post-operative pain in patients undergoing tonsillectomy. Methods: This study is a double-blind and randomized controlled trial design. Twenty-four adult male patients underwent tonsillectomy surgery and were randomized assigned into three groups consist of honey group, placebo group, and control group. All subjects were given standard analgesia and antibiotics, also honey for the honey group and placebo for the placebo group, and only standard post-operative regimens for the control group. This study used silk-cotton tree or kapok tree honey (Ceiba pentandra). Honey was used by gargling every six hours for ten days. Likewise, the same method was applied in the placebo group. Pain scale was assessed for ten days using the Visual Analogue Scale questionnaire, and the frequency of analgesic drugs was recorded on days 1, 2, 4, 7, and 10. Result: Honey group showed significantly higher pain reduction when compared to placebo and control groups, with a significant reduction in the pain scale on day 1, 2, 4, 7 and 10 (p = 0.034; p = 0.003; p < 0.001; p = 0.001; p = 0.001) gradually; Significant differences were also observed in analgesic use, especially on day 2, 4 and 7 (p = 0.028; p = 0.001; p = 0.003). Conclusions: Administration of Kapok tree honey (C. pentandra) after tonsillectomy might reduce post-operative pain and reduce the need for analgesia. Therefore, honey can be considered a complementary medicine and can be administered routinely as adjunctive therapy for post-operative patients.

Profile of Plastic Surgery Trauma Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Introduction: According to data from Perhimpunan Dokter Bedah Plastik Rekonstruksi dan Estetik Indonesia(PERAPI), there are only 193 plastic surgeons throughout Indonesia. There is no sufcient data that described pattern of incidence, workload, and role of Plastic Surgery in trauma cases at Indonesian Referral Center Hospital, especially in the Province of North Sumatra.Methods: This research is a descriptive study with a retrospective approach. Sample of this study was medical records of trauma patients who required Plastic Surgery who came to the H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan Emergency Room (1 January 2016-31 December 2018). This study used total sampling method.Results: This study involved 536 patients and 40.85% included in the adult age range. Men vs women ratio is 3:1 (405 vs 131). Based on type of injury, the most common injury is facial trauma, followed by burns and soft tissue injuries (291, 178 and 66). The most common etiology is trafc accidents (90 cases). Most of facial bone fractures located at mandibular bone (segmental fracture). Inhalation trauma due to burns only occurred in 6 cases (3.24%). Most of soft tissue injuries occurred at lower extremities (upper limbs).Conclusion: Trafc accidents are the most common etiology for trauma in Plastic Surgery. Most of the patients are men and included in the adult age range. Facial trauma is the most common injury in Plastic Surgery. Most facial bone fractures located at mandible (symphysis and parasymphysis). Most of burns injury are re burns. Most soft tissue injuries are located at lower extremities (upper limbs).

Correlation of Facial Injury Severity Scale (FISS) with Length of Stay, The Need for Surgery and The Involvement of Other Specialists in Maxillofacial Trauma Patients at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan

Background:Facial Injury Severity Severity Score (FISS) has been used to assess the severity of facial injuries. However, FISS scores as a useful predictor of length of stay and changes between FISS scores and injuries to other parts of the body have not evaluated. In this study, we want to know the relationship between FISS score as the clinical assessment of maxillofacial trauma with the length of stay, the need for surgery, and the involvement of other specialist elds.Method:This research was conducted using analytical research through a retrospective approach by looking at the medical records of patients who suffered maxillofacial trauma at H. Adam Malik General Hospital Medan from June to August 2019.Result :From a total of 43 patients included in the study, there were 22 mandibular fractures, with mandibular angulus (29.0%), parasymphysis (22.4%), and mandibular corpus (21.5%). Thirty subjects (69.8%) needed surgery, and xation of the fracture and subjects without intervention were 13 (30.2%). Patients who needed surgical intervention, the average time needed for hospitalization was 10.98 + 7.72 days (p = 0.007). The most collaboration found with neurosurgeons specialists, 39.53% of subjects who performed the surgery. A total of 55.8% of surgeries performed by a single operator from the plastic surgery department. Relationship between the length of stay with FISS, obtained for FISS> 3 (OR 14.37) (p = 0.01), meaning that patients with FISS> 3 are likely to stay longer for 14 times. Subsequent results related to the need for surgery obtained signicant results (OR = 8.26, p = 0.026). signicant (p = 0.059).Conclusion:A FISS score signicantly affects the length of stay for a maxillofacial trauma patient. FISS score also affects the involvement of other specialists in maxillofacial trauma patients but not statistically signicant.

The chronopharmacological effect of curcurnin on human gall-bladder.

Human gallbladder physiologically contracts and relaxes periodically. It has been demonstrated that curcumin (C) an active compound of Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Curcuma domestica produces a positive cholekinetic effect. The objective of this study is to define the influence of physiologic contraction and refilling of human gallbladder on the cholekinetic effect of Curcumin, and to determine the rime to achieve the maximum gall-bladder contraction after administration of 40 mg curcumin. Twelve healthy volunteers ingested 40 mg C and placebo (P) in a randomized double blind cross over study design. The volumes of gallbladder before and after taking C and P were half hourly determined by utrasonography and calculated using the ellipsoid methad for 6.0 hours. After P administration there is no gallbladder contraction. While afier C administration there was a contraction phase for 2 hours followed by a refilling phase for another 2.5 hours and then followed by second gall-bladder contraction started for 4.5 up to 6.0 hours. The maximal volume of gallblndder after 6.A hours was less than the basal volume, The cholekinetic effect of C is not chronopharmacologically influenced by the gall-bladder physiologic periodic contraction and refilling. The maximum contraction effect of C was achieved at 2 hours after oral administraion.