ABSTRACT
Vocal fold leukoplakia (VFL) has a risk of malignant transformation. Therefore, patients can have symptoms such as dysphonia, vocal strain, difficulty breathing, and dysphagia. Additionally, there is a genetic predisposition that can be associated with genetic polymorphisms. We aimed to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms and protein levels in the etiology of VFL. Our study followed the PRISMA checklist and was registered on PROSPERO database. The questions were: "Are genetic polymorphisms involved in the etiology of VFL? Are protein levels altered in patients with VFL?". Eligibility criteria were case control studies that compared the presence of polymorphisms or/and protein levels of subjects diagnosed with VFL and healthy controls. Of the 905 articles retrieved, five articles with a total of 1038 participants were included in this study. The C allele of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)-819 T/C IL-10, A allele of the SNP -592 A/C IL-10, CT genotype of the SNP rs11886868 C/T BCL11A, GG genotype of the SNP rs4671393 A/G BCL11A, LL genotype, and L allele of (GT)n repeat polymorphisms of the HO-1 were risk factors for VFL development. Nevertheless, there was a lack of association between VFL and the -1082 A/G IL-10, rs14024 CK-1, and -309 T/G Mdm2 SNPs. The concentrations of the MDM2, BCL11A, and HO-1 proteins were modified, while IL-10 levels were normally expressed in these subjects. In conclusion, most markers evaluated in this review could be potential indicators to develop effective therapies, avoiding a malignant transformation of the lesion.
ABSTRACT
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) participate in a variety of processes in the kidney, and evidence suggests that gender-related hormones participate in renal function. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship of GAGs, gender, and proteinuria in male and female rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). GAGs were analyzed in total kidney tissue and 24-h urine of castrated (c), male (M), and female (F) Wistar control (C) rats (CM, CMc, CF, CFc) and after 30 days of CRF induced by 5/6 nephrectomy (CRFM, CRFMc, CRFF, CRFFc). Total GAG quantification and composition were determined using agarose and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively. Renal GAGs were higher in CF compared to CM. CRFM presented an increase in renal GAGs, heparan sulfate (HS), and proteinuria, while castration reduced these parameters. However, CRFF and CRFFc groups showed a decrease in renal GAGs concomitant with an increase in proteinuria. Our results suggest that, in CRFM, sex hormones quantitatively alter GAGs, mainly HS, and possibly the glomerular filtration barrier, leading to proteinuria. The lack of this response in CRFMc, where HS did not increase, corroborates this theory. This pattern was not observed in females. Further studies of CRF are needed to clarify gender-dependent differences in HS synthesis.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Castration , Glycosaminoglycans/urine , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/deficiency , Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism , Kidney/chemistry , Proteinuria/urine , Electrophoresis, Agar Gel , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Glycosaminoglycans/isolation & purification , Heparitin Sulfate/urine , Kidney Failure, Chronic/surgery , Kidney/surgery , Nephrectomy , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is important in calcification and its expression seems to be associated with the inflammatory process. We investigated the in vitro acute effects of compounds used for the prevention or treatment of cardiovascular diseases on total ALP activity from male Wistar rat heart homogenate. ALP activity was determined by quantifying, at 410 nm, the p-nitrophenol released from p-nitrophenylphosphate (substrate in Tris buffer, pH 10.4). Using specific inhibitors of ALP activity and the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, we showed that the rat heart had high ALP activity (31.73 ± 3.43 nmol p-nitrophenol·mg protein-1·min-1): mainly tissue-nonspecific ALP but also tissue-specific intestinal ALP type II. Both ALP isoenzymes presented myocardial localization (striated pattern) by immunofluorescence. ALP was inhibited a) strongly by 0.5 mM levamisole, 2 mM theophylline and 2 mM aspirin (91, 77 and 84 percent, respectively) and b) less strongly by 2 mM L-phenylalanine, 100 mL polyphenol-rich beverages and 0.5 mM progesterone (24, 21 to 29 and 11 percent, respectively). â-estradiol and caffeine (0.5 and 2 mM) had no effect; 0.5 mM simvastatin and 2 mM atenolol activated ALP (32 and 36 percent, respectively). Propranolol (2 mM) tended to activate ALP activity and corticosterone activated (18 percent) and inhibited (13 percent) (0.5 and 2 mM, respectively). We report, for the first time, that the rat heart expresses intestinal ALP type II and has high total ALP activity. ALP activity was inhibited by compounds used in the prevention of cardiovascular pathology. ALP manipulation in vivo may constitute an additional target for intervention in cardiovascular diseases.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Myocardium/enzymology , Alkaline Phosphatase/antagonists & inhibitors , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors , Isoenzymes/metabolism , Rats, Wistar , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionABSTRACT
The present study aims to provide data about the time required for Cynopoecilus melanotaenia kept at different temperatures to complete embryonic development. This information can be valuable for optimizing laboratory culture and facilitating future use of this species as a test organism in toxicity tests. Temperature effects on hatching rate are presented as well as information related to embryonic development stages. Eggs were observed daily, from start to finish of embryonic development. Thirteen developmental stages were described. Eggs were kept at two constant temperatures (20°C and 25°C) and at a variable ambient temperature (16-25°C - mean = 21°C, sd = 1.95), to determine developmental rate (velocity) at each temperature. A shorter incubation period was necessary to complete development at 25° ± 1°C. However, all embryos kept at this temperature hatched with morphological defects, which prevented their survival. No significant difference in developmental time period (p = 0.05) was observed at the 20°C and 16°-25°C (mean = 21°C, sd = 1.95) temperatures
Subject(s)
Animals , Cyprinodontiformes , Embryo, Nonmammalian , Temperature , Embryo, Nonmammalian , OvumABSTRACT
The role of linoleic acid in chronic renal failure (CRF) is controversial. In the present study 21 male Wistar rats submitted to 5/6 renal mass reduction (R) and 16 normal controls (C) were fed a supplement (S) or normal (N) linoleic acid diet for 60 days starting 10 days after CRF. As expected, serum creatinine, cholesterol and triglycerides (mean SEM) were higher in the CRF groups compared to the C groups (P<0.05). The RS group presented lower cholesterol (84 4 vs 126 13 mg percent) and triglyceride (88 9 vs 132 19 mg percent) levels compared to the RN group. Proteinuria and kidney weight did not differ between CRF groups. Glomerular area increased 78 percent in RS and 100 percent in RN compared to control rats. Glomerular sclerosis index tended to be lower in RS (27 percent) compared to RN (38 percent), tubulointerstitial damage was similar between CRF groups (RS = 1.91 0.2 and RN = 2.14 0.3), and mesangial fractional volume increased to the same extent in both CRF groups. The data suggest that a linoleic acid-enriched diet did not protect against the progression of CRF after 60 days
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Dietary Fats, Unsaturated , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Linoleic Acid , Cholesterol , Creatinine , Dietary Supplements , Disease Progression , Kidney , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Linoleic Acid , Proteinuria , Rats, Wistar , Time Factors , TriglyceridesABSTRACT
The present study aims to provide data about the time required for Cynopoecilus melanotaenia kept at different temperatures to complete embryonic development. This information can be valuable for optimizing laboratory culture and facilitating future use of this species as a test organism in toxicity tests. Temperature effects on hatching rate are presented as well as information related to embryonic development stages. Eggs were observed daily, from start to finish of embryonic development. Thirteen developmental stages were described. Eggs were kept at two constant temperatures (20°C and 25°C) and at a variable ambient temperature (16-25°C - mean = 21°C, sd = 1.95), to determine developmental rate (velocity) at each temperature. A shorter incubation period was necessary to complete development at 25° ± 1°C. However, all embryos kept at this temperature hatched with morphological defects, which prevented their survival. No significant difference in developmental time period (p = 0.05) was observed at the 20°C and 16°-25°C (mean = 21°C, sd = 1.95) temperatures.
O presente trabalho visa estabelecer informações referentes ao tempo requerido para embriões de Cynopoecilus melanotaenia, mantidos em diferentes temperaturas, completarem seu desenvolvimento embrionário. Esses dados são importantes na otimização de cultivos dessa espécie em laboratório e podem facilitar seu futuro uso como organismos-teste em testes de toxicidade. O efeito da temperatura na taxa de eclosão e informações sobre os estágios de desenvolvimento embrionário são apresentados. Os ovos foram observados diariamente, do início até o final do desenvolvimento embrionário. Foram descritos 13 estágios de desenvolvimento. Os ovos foram mantidos a duas temperaturas constantes (20°C e 25°C) e a uma temperatura variável (16-25°C - média = 21°C, desvio = 1,95), a fim de determinar a velocidade de desenvolvimento para cada temperatura. Foi necessário menor período de incubação para completar o desenvolvimento a 25° ± 1°C. Entretanto, todos os embriões mantidos a essa temperatura eclodiram, apresentando malformações morfológicas que inviabilizavam sua sobrevivência. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa (p = 0,05) no tempo necessário para completar o desenvolvimento embrionário nos embriões mantidos nas temperaturas de 20°C e 16°-25°C (média = 21°C, desvio = 1,95).
ABSTRACT
The strain BAFC 2336 of Curvularia pallescens is a hyphomycete isolated from internal fungi present in leaves and stems of Baccharis coridifolia. Three compounds designated B, D1 and D2 which inhibited the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in tissue cultures were isolated from fluid cultures of Curvularia pallescens. The purification procedure of the compounds consisted first in an organic solvent extraction followed by chromatography through a silica gel column. Fractions eluted from the column with antiviral activity were pooled and then subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) in silica gel plates. Three isolated bands were recognized with Rf of 0.63, 0.36 y 0.33 for B, D1 and D2, respectively. The chromatographic characteristics of the isolated metabolites were determined by TLC and HPLC and their chemical structure by means of spectroscopic methods. Analysis of the data obtained indicated that compound D2 (MW: 280 Da) is identical with Brefeldin A a macrolide with antiviral activity isolated from other fungi but not reported to be present in Curvularia pallescens. Compound D1 is similar in structure to compound D2; however, the low amount obtained after purification unabled us to obtain complete structural characterization. Compound B (MW: 332 Da) has an aromatic ring and a chemical structure related to curvularins, a generic name for certain metabolites from Curvularia. This compound appears to be a novel compound with antiviral potency similar to Brefeldin A, but less toxic.
Subject(s)
Antiviral Agents , Mitosporic Fungi/metabolism , Antiviral AgentsABSTRACT
Los resultados de la pielolisis percutánea son entusiasmantes. Se sometieron a pielolisis 15 pacientes que presentaban obstrucción de la unión ureteropiélica y cálculo renal simultáneo: hubo 10 obstrucciones ureteropiélicas primarias y 5 obstrucciones ureteropiélicas secundarias. La peilolisis percutánea fue exitosa en 9 de 15 (60%) de los pacientes en relación a la dilatación calicilar y 13 de 15 (86,7%) persistieron completamente libres de los síntomas preoperatorios. No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la dilatación y la incisión de la unión obstructiva, ni tampoco entre las obstrucciones ureteropiélicas primarias y secundarias
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Kidney Calculi/surgery , Nephrostomy, Percutaneous/methods , Ureteral Obstruction/surgeryABSTRACT
Os autores apresentam um caso de hiperparatiroidismo primario em adolescente, devido a adenoma da paratiroide localizado em situacao ectopica (mediastino anterior e no interior do timo). A seguir, ressaltam a origem embriologica comum (paratiroides e timo), a raridade da localizacao anomala do adenoma(intratimica) e fazem uma revisao sucinta de hiperparatiroidismo primario em criancas