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1.
s.l; s.n; 2020. 19 p. graf, tab.
Non-conventional in English | CONASS, SES-RJ, LILACS | ID: biblio-1102511

ABSTRACT

Background: In Brazil, mathematical models for derivingestimates and projections of COVID-19 cases have been developed without data on asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. We estimated the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the State of Rio de Janeiro. Methods: Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. We report the crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, the weighted prevalence by the total state population, and adjusted prevalence estimates for test sensitivity and specificity. To establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence, we used logistic regression models. The analysis included period and site of blood collection, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. Results: The proportion of SARS-Cov-2 positive tests without any adjustment was 4.0% (95% CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95% CI 3.1-4.5%). Further adjustment by test sensitivity and specificity produced lower estimates, 3.6% (95% CI 2.7-4.4%) and 3.3% (95% CI 2.6-4.1%), respectively. The variable most significantly associated with the crude prevalence was the period of blood collection: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding socio-demographic characteristics, the younger the blood donors, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the educational level, the higher the odds of a positive SARS-Cov-2 antibody. Similar results were found for the weighted prevalence. Discussion: Although our findings resulted from a convenience sample, they match some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, since the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; the higher prevalence among the youngest who are more likely to circulate; and the higher prevalence among the less educated as they have more difficulties in following the social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, it is possible to infer that protective levels of natural herd immunity to SARS-CoV-2 are far from being reached in Rio de Janeiro. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Blood Donors , Immunoglobulin G , Immunoglobulin M , Coronavirus Infections , Seroepidemiologic Studies
2.
Rev. saúde pública (Online) ; 54: 69, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BBO | ID: biblio-1127233

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To estimate the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. METHODS Data were collected on 2,857 blood donors from April 14 to 27, 2020. This study reports crude prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, population weighted prevalence for the state, and prevalence adjusted for test sensitivity and specificity. Logistic regression models were used to establish the correlates of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. For the analysis, we considered collection period and site, sociodemographic characteristics, and place of residence. RESULTS The proportion of positive tests for SARS-Cov-2, without any adjustment, was 4.0% (95%CI 3.3-4.7%), and the weighted prevalence was 3.8% (95%CI 3.1-4.5%). We found lower estimates after adjusting for test sensitivity and specificity: 3.6% (95%CI 2.7-4.4%) for the non-weighted prevalence, and 3.3% (95%CI 2.6-4.1%) for the weighted prevalence. Collection period was the variable most significantly associated with crude prevalence: the later the period, the higher the prevalence. Regarding sociodemographic characteristics, the younger the blood donor, the higher the prevalence, and the lower the education level, the higher the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 antibody. We found similar results for weighted prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Our findings comply with some basic premises: the increasing trend over time, as the epidemic curve in the state is still on the rise; and the higher prevalence among both the youngest, for moving around more than older age groups, and the less educated, for encountering more difficulties in following social distancing recommendations. Despite the study limitations, we may infer that Rio de Janeiro is far from reaching the required levels of herd immunity against SARS-CoV-2.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Young Adult , Pneumonia, Viral/immunology , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Coronavirus Infections/immunology , Betacoronavirus/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Pneumonia, Viral/blood , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Regression Analysis , Sensitivity and Specificity , Coronavirus Infections/blood , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Middle Aged
3.
Rev. saúde pública ; 48(4): 602-612, 08/2014. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-721019

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To identify gender differences in social support dimensions’ effect on adults’ leisure-time physical activity maintenance, type, and time. METHODS Longitudinal study of 1,278 non-faculty public employees at a university in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil. Physical activity was evaluated using a dichotomous question with a two-week reference period, and further questions concerning leisure-time physical activity type (individual or group) and time spent on the activity. Social support was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. For the analysis, logistic regression models were adjusted separately by gender. RESULTS A multinomial logistic regression showed an association between material support and individual activities among women (OR = 2.76; 95%CI 1.2;6.5). Affective support was associated with time spent on leisure-time physical activity only among men (OR = 1.80; 95%CI 1.1;3.2). CONCLUSIONS All dimensions of social support that were examined influenced either the type of, or the time spent on, leisure-time physical activity. In some social support dimensions, the associations detected varied by gender. Future studies should attempt to elucidate the mechanisms involved in these gender differences. .


OBJETIVO Identificar diferenças de gênero no efeito de dimensões de apoio social na manutenção, tipo e tempo da atividade física de lazer em adultos. MÉTODOS Estudo longitudinal com 1.278 funcionários públicos não docentes de uma universidade do Rio de Janeiro. A atividade física foi avaliada utilizando questão dicotômica, com um período de referência de duas semanas, e outras questões relativas ao tipo de atividade (individual ou grupo) e ao tempo gasto na atividade. O apoio social foi medido pelo Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale. Para a análise, os modelos de regressão logística foram ajustados separadamente por gênero. RESULTADOS A regressão logística multinomial mostrou associação entre o apoio material e as atividades individuais (OR = 2,76, IC95% 1,2;6,5) entre as mulheres. O apoio afetivo foi associado com o tempo gasto em atividades físicas de lazer (OR = 1,80, IC95% 1,1;3,2) apenas entre os homens. CONCLUSÕES Todas as dimensões de apoio social examinadas influenciaram o tipo ou o tempo gasto em atividades físicas de lazer. Em algumas dimensões de apoio social, as associações variaram segundo gênero. Estudos futuros devem elucidar os mecanismos envolvidos nessas diferenças entre os gêneros. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Exercise , Leisure Activities , Sex Factors , Social Support , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Longitudinal Studies , Socioeconomic Factors
4.
Rev. saúde pública ; 48(2): 249-257, abr. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-711854

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO Estimar a associação entre variáveis contextuais de vizinhança e prática de atividade física de lazer. MÉTODOS Foram analisados dados de 2.674 participantes adultos de estudo longitudinal no Rio de Janeiro, RJ, em 1999. A atividade física de lazer, avaliada de forma dicotômica, referiu-se às duas semanas prévias à pesquisa. Sexo, idade, renda, escolaridade e situação conjugal foram analisados como variáveis individuais. Características contextuais referentes às vizinhanças (bairros) foram índice de desenvolvimento social, índice de Theil e proporção de área de parques, praças e jardins, categorizadas em quintis. Foram estimadas razões de chances brutas e ajustadas e intervalos de confiança de 95% por meio de regressão logística multinível. RESULTADOS As prevalências de atividade física de lazer foram maiores entre residentes de bairros com maiores índices de desenvolvimento social (entre 32,3% e 55,4%) e proporção de área de parques, praças e jardins (entre 35,8% e 53,1%). Para o índice de desenvolvimento social, quando comparados aos residentes de bairros do primeiro quintil, as razões de chances ajustadas de atividade física de lazer para variáveis individuais foram 1,22 (IC95% 0,93;1,61), 1,44 (IC95% 1,09;1,89), 1,75 (IC95% 1,31;2,34) e 2,25 (IC95% 1,70; 3,00) entre residentes de bairros do segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto quintis. As razões de chances relativas à proporção de área de parques, praças e jardins foram 0,90 (IC95% 0,69;1,19), 1,41 (IC95% 1,04;1,90), 1,63 (IC95% 1,24;2,14) e 1,05 (IC95% 0,80;1,38) entre residentes de bairros dos segundo, terceiro, quarto e quinto quintis. Após ajuste para as demais variáveis contextuais, somente o índice de desenvolvimento social ...


OBJECTIVE To estimate the association between neighborhood contextual variables and leisure-time physical activity. METHODS Data were analyzed for 2,674 adults from Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Southeastern Brazil, participating in the longitudinal study in 1999. Leisure-time physical activity in the two preceding weeks was assessed dichotomously. Sex, age, income, education and marital status were analyzed as individual variables. Neighborhood contextual characteristics were the social development index, the Theil index and the proportion of the area occupied by parks, squares and gardens, categorized in quintiles. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multilevel logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of leisure-time physical activity was higher in residents in neighborhoods with higher indices of social development (between 32.3% and 53.1%) and a greater proportion of parks, squares and gardens (between 35.8% and 53.1%). Regarding the social development index, the adjusted odds ratios for physical activity were 1.22 (95%CI 0.93;1.61), 1.44 (95%CI 1.09;1.89), 1.75 (95%CI 1.31;2.34) and 2.25 (95%CI 1.70;3.00) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles, respectively, compared with residents in neighborhoods in the first quintile. The odds ratios for the proportion of parks, squares and gardens were 0.90 (95%CI 0.69;1.19), 1.41 (95%CI 1.04;1.90), 1.63 (95%CI 1.24;2.14) and 1.05 (95%CI 0.80;1.38) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles. After adjusting for the other variables, only the social development index continued to be associated with leisure-time physical activity, with odds ratios of 1.41 (95%CI 1.02;1.95); 1.54 (95%CI 1.12;2.12); 1.65 (95%CI 1.14;2.39) and 2.13 (95%CI 1.40;3.25) for residents in neighborhoods in the second, third, fourth and fifth quintiles. CONCLUSIONS Leisure-time physical activity ...


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Leisure Activities , Motor Activity , Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data , Brazil , Longitudinal Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Socioeconomic Factors
5.
Cad. saúde pública ; 30(2): 355-368, 02/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-703180

ABSTRACT

Este estudo pretendeu determinar os fatores associados à mortalidade intra-hospitalar, utilizando como variáveis explicativas as características individuais da mãe, da assistência ao pré-natal, parto e período neonatal e dos recém-nascidos internados em Unidades Neonatais de Alto Risco (UTIN) integrantes da Rede Norte-Nordeste de Saúde Perinatal no Nordeste do Brasil. Foi realizado estudo longitudinal, multicêntrico de base hospitalar. A população do estudo compreendeu 3.623 nascidos vivos internados em 34 UTIN. Após o ajuste para os três níveis hierárquicos do modelo de determinação do óbito em UTIN até o 27 o dia de vida, associaram-se: tipo de parto – cesariana (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,56-0,95); não uso de corticoide antenatal (OR = 1,51; IC95%: 1,01-2,25); pré-eclâmpsia (OR = 0,73; IC95%: 0,56-0,95); oligodramnia (OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,17-2,10); peso ao nascer < 2.500g (OR = 1,40; IC95%: 1,03-1,90); escore de Apgar 5 o minuto < 7 (OR = 2,63; IC95%: 2,21-3,14); uso de tubo endotraqueal (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,31-2,91); não uso de surfactante (OR = 0,54; IC95%: 0,43-0,69). O óbito em UTIN é determinado pelas condições assistenciais à gestação, parto e recém-nato.


This study aimed to identify factors associated with in-hospital mortality in High-Risk Neonatal Units (NICU) belonging to the North-Northeast Perinatal Health Network in Northeast Brazil. The explanatory variables were individual maternal characteristics, prenatal care, childbirth and neonatal care, and infant characteristics. This was a longitudinal, multicenter hospital-based study. The study population consisted of 3,623 live born infants admitted to 34 NICUs. After adjusting for the three hierarchical levels in the model for determination of death in the NICU up to the 27 th day of life, the following showed statistically significant association: type of delivery – cesarean section (OR = 0.72; 95%CI: 0.56-0.95), non-use of prenatal steroids (OR =1.51; 95%CI: 1.01-2.25), preeclampsia (OR = 0.73; 95%CI: 0.56-0.95), oligohydramnios (OR = 1.57; 95%CI: 1, 17-2.10), birth weight < 2500g (OR = 1.40; 95%CI: 1.03-1.90), 5-minute Apgar score < 7 (OR = 2.63; 95%CI: 2.21-3.14), endotracheal intubation (OR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.31-2.91), and non-use of surfactant (OR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.43-0.69). Death during NICU care is determined by conditions of the pregnancy, childbirth, and the newborn.


Este estudio tuvo como objetivo determinar los factores asociados a la mortalidad hospitalaria, utilizando como variables explicativas las características individuales de la madre, la atención prenatal, el parto y los bebés recién nacidos internados en Unidades Neonatales de Alto Riesgo (UCIN), miembros de la red norte-noreste de salud perinatal en el noreste de Brasil. Fue realizado estudio longitudinal, multicéntrico basado en el hospital. La población de estudio incluyó 3.623 nacidos vivos admitidos en 34 UCIN. Después de ajustar los tres niveles jerárquicos para la determinación del modelo de muerte en la UCI neonatal hasta los 27 días de vida, se les asociaba un tipo de parto: cesárea (OR = 0,72; IC95%: 0,56-0,95); uso de corticosteroides prenatales (OR = 1,51; IC95%: 1,01-2,25); preeclampsia (OR = 0,73; IC95%: 0,56-0,95); oligohidramnios (OR = 1,57; IC95%: 1,17-2,10); peso al nacer < 2.500g (OR = 1.40; IC95%: 1,03-1,90); Apgar 5 minutos < 7 (OR = 2,63; IC95%: 2.21-3.14); intubación endotraqueal (OR = 1,95; IC95%: 1,31-2,91); uso de surfactante (OR = 0,54; IC95%: 0,43-0,69). La muerte durante el cuidado en una UCIN está determinada por las condiciones durante el embarazo, el parto y el recién nacido.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Young Adult , Hospital Mortality , Infant Mortality , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Intensive Care Units, Neonatal , Brazil/epidemiology , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature , Longitudinal Studies , Prenatal Care , Risk Factors , Socioeconomic Factors
6.
Cad. saúde pública ; 26(4): 747-761, abr. 2010. graf, mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-547211

ABSTRACT

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of the daily variation in concentrations of fine particulate matter (diameter less than 2.5µm - PM2.5) resulting from the burning of biomass on the daily number of hospitalizations of children and elderly people for respiratory diseases, in Alta Floresta and Tangará da Serra in the Brazilian Amazon in 2005. This is an ecological time series study that uses data on daily number of hospitalizations of children and the elderly for respiratory diseases, and estimated concentration of PM2.5. In Alta Floresta, the percentage increases in the relative risk ( percentRR) of hospitalization for respiratory diseases in children were significant for the whole year and for the dry season with 3-4 day lags. In the dry season these measurements reach 6 percent (95 percentCI: 1.4-10.8). The associations were sig-nificant for moving averages of 3-5 days. The percentRR for the elderly was significant for the current day of the drought, with a 6.8 percent increase (95 percentCI: 0.5-13.5) for each additional 10µg/m3 of PM2.5. No as-sociations were verified for Tangara da Serra. The PM2.5 from the burning of biomass increased hospitalizations for respiratory diseases in children and the elderly.


Avaliar o efeito da variação diária nas concentrações de PM2.5 da queima de biomassa sobre o número diário de hospitalizações de crianças e idosos por doenças respiratórias, em Alta Floresta e Tangará da Serra, Amazônia brasileira, em 2005. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais de hospitalizações por doenças respiratórias de crianças e de idosos, estimativas de concentrações diárias de PM2.5, variáveis meteorológicas e de calendário. Para Alta Floresta os aumentos percentuais do risco relativo ( por centoRR) de internações por doenças respiratórias em crianças foram significantes para o ano todo e para o período de seca, com defasagens de 3-4 dias. No período de seca o incremento é de 6 por cento (IC95 por cento: 1,4-10,8). Para médias móveis de 3-5 dias as associações mostraram-se significantes. O por centoRR para idosos foram significantes para o dia corrente na seca com 6,8 por cento (IC95 por cento: 0,5-13,5) de incremento para aumento de 10µg/m³ de PM2.5. Não foram verificadas associações para Tangara da Serra. As emissões de PM2.5 pela queima de biomassa na Amazônia aumentaram as hospitalizações por doenças respiratórias de crianças e idosos.


Subject(s)
Aged , Child , Humans , Air Pollution/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Fires , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Respiration Disorders/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Particulate Matter/adverse effects , Respiration Disorders/epidemiology , Seasons
7.
Cad. saúde pública ; 24(11): 2499-2510, nov. 2008. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-496643

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a equivalência transcultural de escalas empregadas para a avaliação do nível de atividade física e que são utilizadas como estimativas da aptidão cardiorrespiratória, para posterior utilização em indivíduos idosos. Três escalas foram determinadas após revisão sistemática: Veterans Physical Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC) e Physical Activity Rating (PA-R). Para a análise da equivalência, utilizou-se o modelo proposto por Herdman et al. Como parte do processo, a confiabilidade teste-reteste foi avaliada em uma amostra composta por 12 idosos com idade de 74,5 ± 3,5 anos, pelo cálculo dos coeficientes de concordância de Lin (CCL) e de correlação intraclasse (CCI). Detectou-se uma boa reprodutibilidade das escalas com exceção do RPC. Apesar de a quantidade de indivíduos não permitir conclusões mais aprofundadas, os resultados podem indicar necessidade de mudanças na estrutura de algumas escalas originais. Por fim, acredita-se que os resultados obtidos no presente estudo sugerem a adequação das versões das escalas para a língua portuguesa, havendo, todavia, a necessidade de um estudo de validade de critério das escalas.


This study aimed at establishing the cross-cultural equivalence of scales used to evaluate physical activity level and measure cardiorespiratory fitness, for further application in elderly subjects. Three scales were identified after systematic review: Veterans Physical Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), Rating of Perceived Capacity (RPC), and Physical Activity Rating (PA-R). The model proposed by Herdman et al. was applied to analyze equivalence. Test-retest reliability was calculated in a sample of 12 elderly subjects (74.5 ± 3.5 years) using Lin's concordance coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient. Good reproducibility was detected in all scales except RPC. Due to the small sample size, hardly any conclusions can de drawn, but the results point to the need for changes in the original scale's structures. The findings also suggest the adequacy of the scale's Portuguese-language version, although further validity studies appear to be necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Exercise , Geriatric Assessment , Health of the Elderly , Physical Fitness , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results
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