Quality of life and labor inclusion of people with disabilities

Introduction: Disability is a generic term that includes deficits, limitations in activity and restrictions in participation indicate the negative aspects of the interaction between an individual and its contextual factors, environmental and personal factors. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the characteristics of labor inclusion and health-related quality of life of people with disabilities in a population group from the city of Neiva (Colombia). Materials and methods: Descriptive, analytical, cross-sectional study with quantitative approach and non-experimental design, in a sample of 64 people with disabilities. Demographic variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, socioeconomic status, link to the social security system in health, and type of disability were considered. The WHOQOL-BREF, 2004 quality of life scale was applied. Central tendency measures were also calculated with their dispersions and 95% confidence intervals in the continuous quantitative variables. Results: The most frequent disability was physical with 78.13%, followed by visual with 17.18%. The highest percentage of impairment of the quality of life concerning disability is given by the need to move from one place to another, to feel dissatisfaction with their sexual life and the perception of an unhealthy environment. Conclusions: The main factors for the labor inclusion of a person with a disability are subject to sex, the type of disability, access to decent employment, and remuneration according to their potentialities.

Rehabilitation programs of executive functions in young and middle adulthood based on computational systems: a scoping review

Introduction: The use of computational systems has ventured into different healthcare areas, such as rehabilitation and stimulation of cognitive processes. To this date, it is possible to identify some reviews collecting studies on the efficacy and effects of those programs in groups such as older adults, children, and teenagers; there is a lack of academic literature giving an account of young and middle-aged adults. Objective: To identify empirical studies that measured the feasibility and effect of computer-based stimulation and rehabilitation programs for cognitive functions in young and middle-aged adults. Materials and methods: The PRISMA ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) extension was used as a base for a scoping review, as suggested by Cochrane Collaboration. Five databases -Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, PubMed, and Taylor & Francis- were used to trace information. The data registry and synthesis of the results was carried out independently by two reviewers. Results: 896 registries were found between 2015 and 2022, of which 91 met the eligibility principles, which evaluated the effects of programs based on computational systems on executive functions on young and middle-aged adults. Conclusion: Most of the interventions based on computational systems showed to be feasible and had moderate to significant effects on executive functions in young and middle-aged adults.

Introducción: El uso de los sistemas computacionales ha incursionado de forma notable en diferentes áreas de la salud, como la rehabilitación y estimulación de los procesos cognitivos. Si bien a la fecha se pueden identificar algunas revisiones que recopilan estudios sobre la eficacia y efectos de estos programas en grupos como adultos mayores, niños y adolescentes, existe poca literatura orientada a la adultez joven y la adultez media. Objetivo: Identificar estudios empíricos que midieron la viabilidad y el efecto de los programas de estimulación y rehabilitación de las funciones ejecutivas basados en computadora en la población adulta joven y media. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó revisión de alcance basado en la extensión PRISMA ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extensión for Scoping Reviews) sugerido por Cochrane Collaboration. Para el rastreo de información se seleccionaron cinco bases de datos: Science Direct, Scopus, Springer, PubMed y Taylor & Francis. El proceso de registro de datos y la síntesis de los resultados fue realizada por dos revisores de forma independiente. Resultados: Se encontraron 896 registros desde el 2015 al 2022, de los cuales 91 cumplieron los principios de elegibilidad, en los que se evaluaron los efectos de programas basados en sistemas computacionales sobre las funciones ejecutivas en adultos jóvenes y adultos medios. Conclusión: La mayoría de las intervenciones basadas en sistemas computacionales mostraron ser viables y tener efectos favorables de moderados a significativos sobre las funciones ejecutivas de adultos jóvenes y medios.

Beneficios del ejercicio físico en niños y niñas con sobrepeso y obesidad en Neiva -Huila, Colombia / Benefits of physical exercise in overweight and obese children in Neiva -Huila, Colombia

Resumen El sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil son un problema mundial, de estadísticas alarmantes, tales patologías afectan el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños y las niñas. Se considera que estas condiciones pueden prevenirse mediante la promoción del ejercicio físico y el cambio hacia una alimentación sana en la infancia, etapa fundamental donde se sientan las bases esenciales de los estilos de vida saludable que incidirán de manera directa e indirecta en el bienestar físico, social y emocional por el resto de la vida.

Abstract Childhood overweight and obesity are global problems that affect the growth and development of children. The statistics are alarming due to their growth in different countries. It is considered that these conditions can be prevented through the promotion of physical activity and healthy diets in childhood, which is a fundamental stage for establishing the essential foundations of healthy lifestyles that will directly and indirectly affect physical, and social and emotional well-being for life.

Behaviors related to chronic non-communicable diseases development in university students

Abstract Introduction: The scientific literature has reported the trend of the impact of non- communicable diseases on public health, and therefore, the investment of resources that interfere in the development of a country. Objective: To identify the presence of specific behaviors associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in university students, since they are a susceptible population to the modification of these tendencies. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on a 375 university students' sample. The stepwise method was applied to identify risk factors associated with the development of chronic non-communicable diseases. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to determine possible relationships between the variables studied. Results: The prevalence of tobacco use was 7.5%, frequent alcohol consumption was 91.5%, fruit intake was 96.3%, and vegetable intake was 95%. Additionally, only 48% of the sample practiced intense physical activity. Also, a relationship among the male sex, with the consumption of tobacco and the practice of low physical activity was found. Conclusions: Behaviors associated with chronic non-communicable diseases such as alcohol and tobacco consumption were identified in university students.

Conocimientos y prácticas del manejo de los residuos hospitalarios por parte de los fisioterapeutas, Neiva / Knowledge and practices of medical waste management models by physiotherapists, Neiva

Introducción: El deterioro de las fuentes de agua y el medio ambiente, con la tala indiscriminada de árboles, la extracción de minerales y el consumo de combustibles fósiles han llevado al planeta a situaciones catastróficas comolas sequías y enfermedades que afectan al mundo, El medio ambiente es un elemento relevante en el proceso de salud – enfermedad, el manejo inadecuado de los residuos hospitalarios por parte de profesionales de la salud contribuye a la contaminación del mismo, probablemente por falta de conocimiento y/o prácticas inadecuadas. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal diseño no experimental, con una población y muestra de 78 fisioterapeutas de 7 Instituciones Prestadoras de Salud (IPS) de la ciudad de Neiva, que tienen convenio docencia-servicio, para el desarrollo de las prácticas clínicas de estudiantes del programa de Fisioterapia Fundación Universitaria María Cano (FUMC) durante el periodo 2012-2013. Resultados: se observó que la mayoría (85,9 porciento) de los fisioterapeutas entrevistados tenían conocimiento sobre clasificación, el procedimiento de autocuidado, así como la normatividad existente acerca de los desechos o residuos hospitalarios; en cuanto a las practicas el (82.1 porciento) manifestaron tener unas prácticas adecuadas sobre manejo de residuos hospitalarios. Conclusión: Las prácticas inadecuadas en el manejo de los residuos o desechos hospitalarios contribuyen al daño ambiental y de salud incrementando el desarrollo de enfermedades, es necesario tener en cuenta la normatividad existente y fortalecer la capacitación en las diferentes instituciones de salud, en pro a la seguridad del paciente y del medio ambiente.

Introduction: The deterioration of the water sources and the environment,with the indiscriminate deforestation, mineral extraction and consumption offossil fuels have brought the planet to catastrophic events such as droughtsand diseases that affect the world. The environment is a relevant element inthe health - disease process, inadequate management of medical waste fromhealth professionals contributes to pollution of the same, probably due tolack of knowledge and / or inadequate practices. Methods: Descriptive andtransversal study, with non-experimental design, population and sample of78 therapists, 7 Health Provider Institutions (IPS) of the city of Neiva, whohave teaching-service agreement for the development of clinical practice ofstudents from the Physiotherapy program in the University Foundation MaríaCano (FUMC) during the period of 2012-2013. Results: It was observedthat most (85.9%) of physiotherapists interviewed knew about classification,the process of self-care, as well as the existing regulations on hospital waste;regarding to practices, (82.1%) reported having adequate on hospital wastemanagement practices. Conclusion: Inadequate handling of hospital wastepractices contributes to environmental and health damage by increasingthe development of diseases, it is necessary to take into account the existingregulations and strengthen training in the various health institutions in favorof patients and environment safety .