Ultrasound imaging for inguinal hernia: a pictorial review

Inguinal hernia is the most prevalent type of abdominal wall hernia. Indirect inguinal hernia is twice as common as direct inguinal hernia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging can be used to evaluate inguinal hernia, but these modalities are greatly limited by their cost and availability. Ultrasonography has emerged as the most convenient imaging tool for diagnosing inguinal hernia due to its advantages, such as portability and absence of radiation. The present pictorial review presents an overview on the use of ultrasonography in the evaluation of inguinal hernia with a particular emphasis on the regional anatomy, relevant scanning tips, identification of subtypes, postoperative follow-up, and diagnosis of pathologies mimicking inguinal hernia.

Primary Effusion Lymphoma: An Untrivial Differential Diagnosis for Ascites

A primary effusion lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma where serous cavities are involved. That-cause peritoneal, pleural and pericardial effusions without any lymphadenopathy. They affect immunosuppressive patients with human herpes virus-8 being the suspected etiological agent. The prognosis is usually poor despite treatment. Herein, the case of an immunocompetent patient with ascites and pleural effusion diagnosed as primary effusion lymphoma is presented and discuss the case in the light of the current literature.

Unilateral diaphragm paralysis possibly due to cervical spine involvement in multiple myeloma

To describe a patient with unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis due to multiple myeloma [MM] involving the cervical spine and related structures. A 52-year-old female presented with dyspnea, low back and widespread bone pain. She was diagnosed as having MM with vertebral involvement and unilateral paralysis of the diaphragm. She received two cycles of a chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of vincristine-Adriamycin-dexamethasone. The bisphosphonate zoledronic acid was also initiated at the same time. During follow-up, the back pain disappeared and the complaint of dyspnea decreased, although the paralysis persisted. As part of the differential diagnosis of bone and back pain, we draw attention to MMand the rare complication of diaphragmatic paralysis due to phrenic nerve involvement