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Objective@#To explore the relationships between the characteristics of childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury in nursing female college students.@*Methods@#Two medical colleges and junior colleges were selected in Anhui province. A total of 2 549 female nursing students in grade 1 to 3 were asked to fill a questionnaire regarding sociodemographic information,childhood sexual abuse and non-suicidal self-injury.@*Results@#The reported rate of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students in the past six months was 8.2%. Sexual abuse at any time during childhood (primary school or earlier,middle school and high school) increased the risk of non-suicidal self-injury among female nursing students (P<0.05). Exposure to sexual abuse in all three periods was associated with 5.04(95%CI=1.73-14.62) times odds ratio than that of those who not exposed to sexual abuse (P<0.01). Only contact sexual abuse and both contact and non-contact sexual abuse in childhood were correlated with nonsuicidal selfinjury among female nursing students [OR(95%CI)=2.21(1.48-3.29), 3.56(2.13-5.96)] (P<0.05). Two patterns of sexual abuse experiences were identified,including persistent sexual abuse (3.1%) and the other group is occasional sexual (96.9%). Persistent sexual abuse in childhood was correlated to higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury compared with occasional sexual abuse (OR=2.61,95%CI=1.35-5.05,P<0.01).@*Conclusion@#The occurrence periods,types and patterns of sexual abuse in childhood are closely related to non-suicidal self-injury in female nursing students.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of lung-protective ventilation on acute lung injury after liver transplantation.Methods Sixty patients of both sexes,aged 21-64 yr,with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ,scheduled for elective orthotopic liver transplantation,were divided into 2 groups (n =30 each) using a random number table:conventional mechanical ventilation group (group CMV) and lung-protective ventilation group (group LPV).In group LPV,the patients were mechanically ventilated (tidal volume 6-8 ml/kg,respiratory rate 10-15 breaths/min,positive end-expiratory pressure 3-10 cmH2 O),and lung recruitment mnaneuver was pertormed every 2 h.Before skin incision (T1),at 3 h of preanhepatic phase (T2),at 30 min of anhepatic phase (T3) and at 2 and 4 h of neohepatic phase (T4.5),bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and blood samples from the radial artery were simultaneously collected for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in BALF and serum by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.At 2 h after operation (T6),before tracheal extubation (T7) and at 2 days after operation (T8),blood samples from the radial artery were collected for blood gas analysis,and oxygenation index was calculated.The concentrations of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16,surfactant protein D and soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products were determined at T1-T8 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The postoperative emergence time,extubation time,duration of intensive care unit stay and development of acute lung injury were recorded.Results Compared with group CMV,the cxtubation time was significantly shortened,serum concentrations of Clara cell secretory protein 16 at T2,T3,T6 and T7,serum surfactant protein D concentrations at T5 and serum concentrations of soluable receptor for advanced glycation endproducts at T5 and T6 were decreased (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in tunor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-8 concentrations in serum and BALF at each time point or postoperative incidence of acute lung injury,oxygenation index,emergence time and duration of intensive care unit stay in group LPV (P＞0.05).Conclusion Although lung-protective ventilation dose not decrease the development of acute lung injury after liver transplantation,it attenuates lung tissue injury to some extent.
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Objective To approach the effect of protective mechanical ventilation on acute lung injury after orthotopic liver transplantation, by observing changes of plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators.Methods Sixty patients scheduled for liver transplantation under general anesthesia, 42 males and 18 females, aged 21-62 years, weighing 43-80 kg, ASA physical status Ⅱ-Ⅳ, were randomly divided into 2 groups: protective mechanical ventilation group (group P) and unprotective mechanical ventilation group (group U).Pulmonary artery blood for plasma markers of lung injury and inflammatory mediators were collected at the following time points: before operation (T1), 3 hours after mechanical ventilation (T2), 2 hours (T3) and 4 hours in neohepatic stage (T4).These mediators included clara cell secretory protein (CC16), surfactant proteins (SP-D), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8.Moreover, blood gas results were recorded at these 7 time points: T1-T4, 2 hours after operation (T5), before tracheal extubation (T6) and 2 days after operation (T7).The postoperative awakening time, tracheal extubation time, ICU stay time and the incidence of ALI were recorded.Results Compared with T1, plasma level of CC16 in the two groups increased at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), however, plasma level of SP-D, sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 did not increase until T3 (P<0.01).Moreover, plasma level of sRAGE, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 at T4 were higher than those at T1 (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with T1, OIs in the two groups increased at T2, T5 and T6 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), while decreased at T4 in group P (P<0.01) and at T3 and T4 in group U (P<0.01).In group P, patients showed a lower plasma level of CC16 at T2 and T3 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), a higher OI at T3 (P<0.05) and an earlier tracheal extubation after operation [(8.9±3.2) h vs (9.3±2.8) h, P<0.05] compared with group U.There was no significant difference of acute lung injury incidence between the two groups after operation, which was 5(16.6%) and 7 (23.3%), respectively.Conclusion Protective mechanical ventilation may promote oxygenation index, and shorten tracheal extubation time, thus protect lung function of patients in liver transplantation to some extend.
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MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of endogenous small non-coding RNAs, which play important gene regulatory roles at the posttranscriptional level by binding to the 3′ untranslated region of the targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs possess tissue-specific signatures and have been found involved in various pathophysiological processes. Recent reports have demonstrated that miRNAs are stably present in blood circulation in the form of microvesicles, exosome, microparticle, and apoptotic bodies; and the plasma levels of specific miRNAs have been proven as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Many articles have also reported that miRNAs can serve as important diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Here we reviewed the roles of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.