ABSTRACT
SUMMARY: The plantaris muscle is located between the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles, within the posterior calf group. Due to degeneration and its loss of plantar-flexion function, the muscle is vestigial in human beings, but it retains clinical significance. Few cases of variation in the plantaris muscle have been reported, and this, therefore, appears to be rare. Nonetheless, absence of this muscle was identified via the dissection of a left lower limb (male), which also indicated the absence of an attachment in the usual position. The present report, which addresses such variation, may provide both inspiration and reference points for the clinical treatment of so-called "tennis leg", and for the use of plantaris muscle for the purposes of clinical, autologous graft repair.
RESUMEN: El músculo plantar se ubica entre los músculos sóleo y gastrocnemio, dentro del grupo posterior de la pierna. Debido a la degeneración y la pérdida de la función de flexión plantar, el músculo es un vestigio en los seres humanos, pero conserva su importancia clínica. Se han informado pocos casos de variación en el músculo plantar y, por lo tanto, esto parece ser raro. No obstante, se observó la ausencia de este músculo durante la disección de un miembro inferior izquierdo (masculino). El presente informe, que aborda dicha variación, puede proporcionar puntos de referencia para el tratamiento clínico de la llamada "pierna de tenista" y para el uso del músculo plantar con fines de reparación clínica con injerto autólogo.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Anatomic VariationABSTRACT
·AIM: To investigate the clinical efficacy of intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab and 577nm laser in the treatment of retinal vein occlusion combined with macular edema.·METHODS: Totally 64 patients ( 64 eyes ) with retinal vein occlusion accompanied by macular edema were treated in our hospital from June 2014 to March 2017. Among them, 40 cases ( 40 eyes ) were in the central retinal vein occlusion group, 24 cases (24 eyes) were in the branch retinal vein occlusion group. They were treated with intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 0. 5mg, and the laser photocoagulation of 577nm was performed at 5 to 7d after injection. Meanwhile, 42 patients who did not wish to be treated with injection were treated with laser treatment only. The changes of the indexes before and after treatment were compared.·RESULTS: The average number of blocking group repeated injection of branch retinal vein for 1. 71 ± 0. 79, while the average number of patients with repeated injection of central retinal vein occlusion was 2. 11 ± 0. 80. All patients requiring repeated injections interval was greater than 30d. At 1mo after treatment, there was no patients with decreased visual acuity in branch retinal vein occlusion group, while there were 6 eyes with that in central retinal vein occlusion group, 14 eyes in simply laser group. The mean best corrected visual acuity (LogMAR) of the three groups was 0. 87±0. 60, 0. 57±0. 48 and 0. 54±0. 32, respectively, were significantly lower than that before treatment (1.26±0.53, 0.86±0.39, 0.76±0.26;P< 0. 05 ). The mean macular retinal thickness before treatment was 683.24±211.83, 557.39±128.29 and 545.82± 129. 76μm, were significantly higher than those at the last follow-up 412. 09±257. 38, 356. 29 ± 133. 02 and 322. 78 ± 109. 55μm ( P < 0. 05 ). There were 6 cases of subconjunctival hemorrhage in patients treated with laser therapy combined with laser therapy. The intraocular pressure increased to 25mmHg in 2 eyes in 2 patients and recovered after symptomatic treatment.· CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab combined with 577nm laser treatment can greatly enhance the visual acuity, effective decrease macular retinal thickness in patients with retinal vein occlusion and macular edema.