Effect of video games training on the gross motor skills of children with cerebral palsy: systematic review and meta-analysis / Efecto del entrenamiento con videojuegos en la motricidad gruesa de niños con parálisis cerebral: revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Abstract The purpose of this work was to systematically evaluate the intervention effects of video games training (VGT) on the gross motor skills (GMS) development of children with cerebral palsy (CP). Seven Chinese and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, EBSCO) were searched. Data were retrieved from randomized controlled trials on the GMS among individuals with CP. The retrieval was from the inception of each database to March 16, 2021. The included studies were evaluated quantitatively using the PEDro Scale. Then, relevant data were inputted and analyzed in Review Manager 5.4. Thirteen papers were included: seven written in English and six in Chinese. In the three subordinate concept of GMS, VGT could significantly improve locomotor skills (LS) (standardized mean difference = 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.55-105, P<0.00001), and non-locomotor skills (NLS) (standardized mean difference = 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.38-1.28, P=0.0003) in CP. However, there was no significant difference in object control skills (OCS), when compared with the control group (standardized mean difference = 0.55, 95% confidence interval -0.01-0.72, P=0.05). VGT can improve LS and NLS in CP, but the effect on OCS is uncertain; therefore, it is recommended that additional high-quality literature be included in the future. In general, VGT has been proven an effective intervention tool on the GMS development in CP.

Resumen Este artículo intentó evaluar sistemáticamente el efecto de la intervención del entrenamiento con videojuegos (VGT) en el desarrollo de las habilidades motoras gruesas (GMS) de niños con parálisis cerebral (CP), basándose en un cuerpo de datos logrado de las conclusiones de pruebas controladas aleatorias sobre las habilidades motoras gruesas de niños con CP, obtenidos de la búsqueda sistemática en siete bases de datos chinos y extranjeros, tales como PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang y EBSCO. El lapso de búsqueda fue desde la fecha de establecimiento de cada base de datos hasta el 16 de marzo del 2021. Se aplicó la escala PEDro para realizar un estudio cuantitativo y después, se analizaron los datos relevantes con Review Manager 5.4. Se incluyeron 13 publicaciones, 7 artículos escritos en inglés y 6 en chino. En el marco del concepto de los tres subordinados de GMS, la VGT podría mejorar significativamente la habilidad locomotora (LS) (diferencia de medias estandarizada = 0.80, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.55-105, P<0.00001), y las habilidades no locomotoras (NLS) (diferencia de medias estandarizada = 0.83, intervalo de confianza del 95%: 0.38-1.28, P= 0,0003) en PC; pero no hubo una diferencia significativa en las habilidades de control de objetos (OCS), cuando se compararon con el grupo control (diferencia de medias estandarizada= 0,55, intervalo de confianza del 95% -0,01-0,72, P= 0,05). En conclusión, el VGT puede mejorar las LS y NLS en CP, pero el efecto sobre OCS es incierto; por lo que se recomienda la inclusión de literatura adicional de alta calidad en el futuro. De este modo se pudo demostrar que el VGT es una herramienta de intervención eficaz en el desarrollo de las GMS en niños con CP.

Modified Tuoli Xiaodusan-assisted Treatment of Hp-positive Peptic Ulcer / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of modified Tuoli Xiaodusan （TLXDS） in adjuvant treatment of Helicobacter pylori （Hp）-positive peptic ulcer （PU） with cold-heat complex syndrome and explore its regulating effect on invasive/protective factors. MethodA total of 136 patients were randomly assigned into the control group （68 cases， including 4 cases missing， 3 cases eliminated， and 61 cases completed） and the TLXDS group （68 cases， including 4 cases missing， 1 case eliminated， and 63 cases completed）. Both groups adopted the quadruple therapy of acid suppression and Hp eradication. The patients in the control group received Weinai'an capsules orally at 4 capsules/time and 3 times/day， and those in the TLXDS group took modified TLXDS orally at 1 dose/day. The administration of both groups lasted for 8 consecutive weeks and the follow-up lasted for 12 months. Electronic gastroscopy was carried out before and after treatment for evaluating the healing of ulcer， the score of mucosal morphology， and the maturity of regenerated mucosa. The Hp infection and the score of cold-heat complex syndrome were evaluated before and after treatment. The serum levels of gastrin （GAS）， prostaglandin E2 （PGE2）， pepsinogen （PG）-Ⅰ， PG-Ⅱ， epidermal growth factor （EGF）， and trefoil factor 2 （TFF-2） were determined before and after therapy. The recurrence of Hp and PU was recorded， and the drug safety was evaluated. ResultAfter treatment， the mucosal morphology score and the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） syndrome score in the TLXDS group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）. The levels of GAS， PG-Ⅰ， and PG-Ⅱ in the TLXDS group were lower than those in the control group （P<0.01）， whereas those of PGE2， EGF， and TFF-2 showed an opposite trend （P<0.01）. After treatment， the Hp eradication rate in the TLXDS group was 95.24% （60/63）， higher than that （83.61%， 51/61） in the control group （χ2=4.467， P<0.05）. The total effective rate of TCM syndromes in the TLXDS group was 98.41% （62/63）， higher than that （81.97%， 50/61） in the control group （χ2=9.589， P<0.01）. The total effective rate of the TLXDS group under gastroscopy was 98.41% （62/63）， higher than that （86.89%， 53/61） in the control group （χ2=4.525， P<0.05）. The excellent and good rate of regenerated mucosal maturity in the TLXDS group was 92.06% （58/63）， also higher than that （73.77%， 45/61） in the control group （χ2=7.372， P<0.01）. After 12 months of follow-up， the TLXDS group had lower PU recurrence rate ［19.05% （12/63） vs 37.70% （23/61）， χ2=5.325， P<0.05］ and lower Hp recurrence rate ［15.00% （9/60） vs 33.33% （17/51）， χ2=5.165， P<0.05） than the control group. No adverse reactions related to TLXDS were detected. ConclusionModified TLXDS-assisted quadruple therapy demonstrates significant short-term clinical efficacy and high Hp eradication rate for Hp-positive PU （cold-heat complex syndrome） patients. Moreover， it can adjust the levels of invasive/protective factors to facilitate ulcer healing and reduce the recurrence rates of Hp and PU in a long term， with good clinical safety.

Effects of adenovirus-mediated shRNA down-regulates PTEN expression on fibril-binding proteins vinculin, filamin A and cortactin in activated hepatic stellate cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of adenovirus-mediated shRNA down-regulating phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) expression on vinculin, filamin A, and cortactin in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Methods: Activated rats hepatic stellate cell line (HSC-T6) was cultured in vitro. Recombinant adenovirus Ad-shRNA/PTEN carrying PTEN targeted RNA interference sequence [short hairpin RNA (shRNA)] and empty control virus Ad-GFP were transfected into HSCs. The PTEN mRNA and protein expression of HSCs in each group were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot. The expressional change of vinculin, filamin A and cortactin in HSCs of each group were detected by confocal laser scanning immunofluorescence microscope. Image-pro plus 6.0 software was used for image analysis and processing. The integrated optical density (IOD) of the fluorescence protein expression was measured. The experiment was divided into three groups: control group (DMEM instead of adenovirus solution in the adenovirus transfection step), Ad-GFP group (transfected with empty virus Ad-GFP only expressing green fluorescent protein), and Ad-shRNA/PTEN group (recombinant adenovirus Ad-shRNA/PTEN carrying shRNA targeting PTEN and expressing green fluorescent protein). One-way analysis of variance was used for comparison of mean value among the three groups, and LSD-test was used for comparison between the groups. Results: shRNA targeted PTEN was successfully transfected and the expression of PTEN mRNA and protein in HSC (P < 0.05) was significantly down-regulated. HSCs vinculin was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm. HSCs vinculin fluorescence IOD in the Ad-shRNA/PTEN group (19 758.83 ± 1 520.60) was higher than control (7 737.16 ± 279.93) and Ad-GFP group (7 725.50 ± 373.03) (P < 0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between control group and Ad-GFP group (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the fluorescence IOD of Filamin A among the three groups (P > 0.05), but the subcellular distribution of Filamin A among the three groups were changed. Filamin A in the Ad-shrNA /PTEN HSC group was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. Filamin A HSC was mainly located in the nucleus.The filamin A HSC in the control group and Ad-GFP group was mainly located in the nucleus. The nucleocytoplasmic ratio of Filamin A in the AD-shrNA /PTEN group (0.60 ± 0.15) was significantly lower than control group (1.20 ± 0.15) and Ad-GFP group (1.08 ± 0.23), P < 0.05. but there was no statistically significant difference in filamin A nucleocytoplasmic ratio of HSC between the control group and the Ad-GFP group (P > 0.05). Cortactin HSCs in the three groups was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm. The cortactin fluorescence IOD of HSCs in the Ad-shRNA/PTEN group was significantly higher than control group (22 959.94 ± 1 710.42) and the Ad-GFP group (22 547.11 ± 1 588.72 ) (P < 0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference in the IOD of cortactin fluorescence in HSCs between the control group and the Ad-GFP group (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The down-regulation of PTEN expression raises the expression of microfilament-binding protein vinculin and cortactin, and changes the subcellular distribution of another microfilament binding protein filamin A, that is, translocation from nucleus to the cytoplasm in activated HSC in vitro.

Study on drug-target binding kinetics profiles of flavonoids in Chrysanthemum morifolium and xanthine oxidase / 中国中药杂志

Based on the target occupancy mathematical model, the binding kinetic process of potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Chrysanthemum morifolium with xanthine oxidase(XOD) was evaluated. The potential active ingredients of lowering uric acid in Ch. morifolium were screened by UPLC-Q-Exactivems MS technology, reference substance identification and in vitro enzymatic kinetics experiments. The binding kinetic parameters of xanthine oxidase and potential inhibitor in Ch. morifolium were determined by surface plasma resonance(SPR). The verified mathematical model of the XOD target occupancy evaluated the kinetic binding process of inhibitors and xanthine oxidase in vivo. According to UPLC-Q-Exactive MS and reference substance identification, 39 potential uric acid-lowering active ingredients in Ch. morifolium extracts were identified and the inhibitory activities of 23 compounds were determined. Three potential xanthine oxidase inhibitors were screened, namely genistein, luteolin, and apigenin. whose IC_(50 )were 1.23, 1.47 and 1.59 μmol·L~(-1), respectively. And the binding rate constants(K_(on)) were 1.26×10~6, 5.23×10~5 and 6.36×10~5 mol·L~(-1)·s~(-1), respectively. The dissociation rate constants(K_(off)) were 10.93×10~(-2), 1.59×10~(-2), and 5.3×10~(-2 )s~(-1), respectively. After evaluation by different administration methods, the three selected compounds can perform rapid and sustained inhibition of xanthine oxidase in vivo under combined administration. This study comprehensively evaluated the target occupancy process of three effective components in different ways of administration in vivo by UPLC-MS, concentration-response method, SPR technology and xanthine oxidase target occupancy model, which would provide a new research idea and method for screening active ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine.

Simulation Analysis of Occupancy Rates of Baicalein， Quercetin and Galangin on Target Sites of Xanthine Oxidase / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To simulate the occupancy rates of baicalein， quercetin and galangin on the target sites of xanthine oxidase <italic>in vivo</italic>. Method:In this experiment， the half inhibitory concentration （IC₅₀） of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin against xanthine oxidase were determined by <italic>in vitro</italic> enzymatic reaction. Binding free energy was predicted by molecular docking technology and their association rate constant （k_on） and dissociation rate constant （k_off） were determined by surface plasmon resonance technology. Based on measured binding kinetic parameters （k_on and k_off） and extracted pharmacokinetic data， the target occupancy model <italic>in vivo</italic> was established. Result:The IC₅₀values of febuxostat， baicalein， quercetin and galangin were 0.002 7， 1.63， 0.38， 1.59 µmol·L^-1， respectively. The IC₅₀ of febuxostat was very close to that reported in the literature. The predicted curve of target occupancy rate <italic>in vivo</italic> of febuxostat was consistent with its duration of clinical efficacy. When single intragastric administration of long-circulating liposomes of quercetin with dose of 100 mg·kg^-1 in rats， the time of target occupancy rate >70% <italic>in vivo</italic> lasted for about 3.9 h. When rats were orally administered baicalein and galangin with dose of 200 mg·kg^-1， the time of target occupancy rate >50% <italic>in vivo </italic>lasted for about 10 h and 1.7 h， respectively. Conclusion:The prediction model of xanthine oxidase target occupancy constructed by drug target binding kinetics and <italic>in vivo</italic> pharmacokinetic curves can effectively evaluate the <italic>in vivo</italic> inhibitory activity of compounds against the target.

Anti-tumor effect and its related mechanisms of cinobufotalin combined with cisplatin on H22 liver cancer mice / 中国中药杂志

In order to observe the anti-tumor effect of cinobufotalin on H22 liver cancer mice and to explore its regulatory mechanism, 50 Kunming mice were subcutaneously inoculated with H22 intraperitoneal passage cells under the armpit to establish H22 hepatocellular carcinoma model. They were then randomly divided into model group, cinobufotalin low dose group, cinobufotalin high dose group, cisplatin group and cisplatin+cinobufotalin group, which received 0.01% ethanol solution, 1 mg·kg~(-1) cinobufotalin, 5 mg·kg~(-1) cinobufotalin, 5 mg·kg~(-1) cisplatin, 5 mg·kg~(-1)cisplatin + 5 mg·kg~(-1) cinobufotalin respectively for 10 days. The general condition of mice during the intervention was observed, and the inhibition rate, tumor mass, thymus index, histopathological changes of the tumors, apoptotic rate of the tumors, the expressions of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3 K), protein kinase B(Akt), apoptosis related gene(Fas), Fas ligand(FasL) mRNA and protein phosphorylated Akt(pAkt) protein in the tumors of each group were compared. The results showed that during the modeling period, the mice showed a decline in food intake, dark fur, poor mental status, and gradually worsened over time. The mental status of mice in each intervention group was improved gradually, especially in the cisplatin+cinobufotalin group. As compared with the model group, the tumor mass of each intervention group was lower(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin low dose group, the tumor mass was lower and inhibition rate was higher in the cinobufotalin high dose group, cisplatin group and cisplatin+cinobufotalin group(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin high dose group and the cisplatin group, the tumor mass was lower and the inhibition rate was higher in cisplatin+cinobufotalin group(P<0.05). As compared with the model group, the thymus index was higher in cinobufotalin high dose group and cisplatin + cinobufotalin group, while was lower in cisplatin group(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin low dose group, the thymus index was higher in the cinobufotalin high dose group and lower in the cisplatin group(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin high dose group, the thymus index was lower in cisplatin group(P<0.05). As compared with cisplatin group, the thymus index was higher in cisplatin+cinobufotalin group(P<0.05). Pathological staining showed that a large number of heterogeneous cells and mitotic phenomena were observed in the model group. Cell fragments and neutrophils were observed in the tumor tissues of the intervention groups, showing diffuse necrosis, and the diffuse necrosis was more obvious in the cisplatin+cinobufotalin group. As compared with the model group, the apoptotic rate of the tumors and the relative expressions of Fas mRNA and protein were higher in the intervention groups, while the relative expressions of PI3 K, FasL mRNA and protein and the relative expression of pAkt protein were lower in the intervention groups(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin low dose group, the apoptotic rate of the tumors and relative expression of Fas and protein were higher in the cinobufotalin high dose group, cisplatin group and cisplatin+cinobufotalin group, while the relative expressions of PI3 K, FasL mRNA and protein and pAkt protein were lower(P<0.05). As compared with the cinobufotalin high dose group and the cisplatin group, apoptotic rate of the tumors and the relative expression of Fas mRNA and protein were higher in the cisplatin+cinobufotalin group, while the relative expressions of PI3 K, FasL mRNA and protein and pAkt protein were lower in the cisplatin+cinobufotalin group(P<0.05). In summary, cinobufotalin has significant anti-tumor effect on H22 liver cancer mice, and can enhance the immune function of mice and synergistically enhance the effect of chemotherapy. Its mechanism may be associated with regulating PI3 K/Akt/Fas/FasL signaling pathway related genes and protein expression.

FU Ru-mei's Experience in Using Classical Prescriptions to Treat Lung Diseases / 中国中医药信息杂志

Professor FU Ru-mei uses classical prescriptions to treat lung diseases, such as cough, asthma, the lung distension. Her treatment attaches importance to yin and yang, and emphasizes the six meridians. She pays attention to pulse and syndrome, and distinguishes evil qi and healthy qi and the primary and secondary symptoms. Her medication does not stick to classical cases. She considers pathogenesis carefully, gives and combines the prescriptions according to the symptoms. She usually combines classical prescriptions, seasonal prescriptions and local prescriptions, to make better clinical efficacy.

Proliferation and differentiation of endogenous neural stem cells in subventricular zone in rats after traumatic craniocerebral injury / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the time course of proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of rats following traumatic craniocerebral injury (TBI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight SD rats were randomized into 3 groups, namely the control group without any treatment, the sham-operated group with scalp incision and preparation of a cranial window, and TBI group with craniocerebral injury induced by Feeney's method. With nestin and BrdU as two cell markers, NSE as the neuron-specific marker and GFAP as the glial cell marker, immunofluorescence assay with double labeled antibodies was performed to examine the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous NSCs in the SVZ at different time points after TBI.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>s The numbers of cells positive for nestin/NSE, nestin/GFAP, BrdU/NSE, and BrdU/GFAP in the SVZ of the rats increased significantly after TBI. The positive cells began to increase at 1 day after TBI, reached the peak level at day 3 and became normal at day 14, showing significant differences between the time points of measurement following TBI and from the cell numbers in the control group measured at the same time points. The cells positive for nestin/ GFAP showed the most distinct increase in the SVZ of the rats with TBI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TBI results in mobilization of the NSCs in the SVZ on the injured side to cause the proliferation and differentiation of the endogenous NSCs. The SVZ is one of the most important germinal centers of NSC proliferation and differentiation.</p>

Longitudinal evaluation of reparative cartilage after matrix-associated autologous chondrocyte implantation with delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the cartilage / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To estimate zonal variation of GAG content in reparative cartilage after matrix associated autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) using delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the cartilage (dGEMRIC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seven patients (14 cartilage defects) undergoing MACI were recruited for examination with dGEMRIC at 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure to calculate global and zonal longitudinal relaxivity (Δ R1) of the normal cartilage and reparative cartilage.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean Δ R1 values of normal cartilage were significantly lower than those of reparative cartilage after MACI. A significant decrease was noted in the mean Δ R1 values from the deep layer to the superficial layer in the reparative cartilage at the 3 examinations. The Δ R1 values of the reparative cartilage showed no significant variation between 3 months and 6 months, but a significant decrease in the Δ R1 values occurred at 12 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>dGEMRIC is feasible to assess cartilage repair noninvasively following MACI.</p>

The mechanisms of inhibitory effect of adenovirus-mediated wild-type PTEN gene on the proliferation in activated hepatic stellate cells in vitro / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Using an adenoviral vector, the wild-type PTEN gene was transduced into activated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) cultured in vitro and cell cycle markers and were detect. Thereby, the potential mechanisms of inhibitory effect of the wild-type PTEN overexpression on the proliferation in activated HSC was investigated.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The wild type PTEN gene was transduced into activated HSC (HSC-T6 ) cultured in vitro mediated by adenoviral vector. PTEN expression in HSC was measured by Western blot and Real-time fluorescent quantitation PCR. Flow cytometry (FCM) was then used to detect cell cycle phase of activated HSC. And the expressions of cyclinD1 and cyclin dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) in HSC were determined by Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The data showed that exogenous wild type PTEN gene was successfully transduced and expressed in activated HSC cultured in vitro. The over-expression of wild type PTEN resulted in the increased number of HSC at G0/G1 phase ( P less than 0.01), and the number of HSC at S phase and G2/M phase were decreased significantly, P less than 0.01. Furthermore, there were decreased cyclinD1 and CDK4 expression in HSC infected with Ad-PTEN, P less than 0.01.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The over-expression of wild type PTEN inhibit transition of activated HSC in vitro from G1 to S phase and arrest cell cycle of them at G0/G1 phase via the down-regulated expressions of cyclinD1 and CDK4, and then inhibit HSC proliferation.</p>

The influence of down-regulation of focal adhesion kinase by RNA interference on the adhesion and migration of rat hepatic stellate cells in vitro / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) in adhesion and migration of hepatic stellate cells (HSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two recombinant plasmids expressing short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting FAK were constructed and one plasmid substantially suppressing FAK expression in HSC was selected. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to detect the knockdown effects of FAK gene. After 48-hour treatment with FAK shRNA, toluidine blue colorimetric assay was used to detect the cell adhesion. Wound-healing assay and improved Boyden double-chamber were used to detect the cell migration induced by FN.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The recombinant plasmid expressing FAK shRNA was successfully constructed and transfected into HSC. Compared with the controls, the expression of FAK mRNA and protein in HSC treated with FAK shRNA was markedly down-regulated by 76.82% and 72.53%, respectively. The expression of p-FAK (Tyr397) protein was also decreased by 62.71% 48 h posttransfection. The adhesion of HSC was inhibited by 58.69% at 48 h after shRNA transfection. FAK gene silencing could also dramatically inhibit FN-stimulated HSC migration, and the cell migration distance and the cell number of crossing membrane were decreased by 58.27% and 83.70%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FAK gene silencing suppresses adhesion and migration of HSC, and FAK may be a potential target for novel anti-fibrosis therapies.</p>

Inhibitory effect of lentivirus transduced anti-telomerase siRNA therapy on hepatocellular carcinoma in nude mice / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the efficacy of anti-telomerase siRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma both in vitro and in vivo.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Lentvirus vectors contained anti-telomerase siRNA were conducted with a high performance homologous recombination system, and then were transduced into human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. The telomerase activity was detected by RT-PCR, HepG2 cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay. The in vivo experiment was carried out by inoculation of HepG2 cells into nude mice and the tumor growth was measured and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The growth of transfected HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited and the inhibition rate was 57.5% at the 8th day after transfection. The telomerase activity was significantly suppressed in vitro. The growth of transfected human hepatocellular HepG2 tumor in the nude mice was also significantly inhibited.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of this study demonstrate that the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells is effectively inhibited by transfection of anti-telomerase siRNA both in vitro and in vivo.</p>

The dynamic expression of PTEN in fibrogenic rat liver tissues and its relation to the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the dynamic expression of PTEN in fibrogenic liver tissue of rats and its effect on the activation and proliferation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A rat model of hepatic fibrosis was established by common bile duct ligation (BDL). The expressions of PTEN in the rat liver tissues were detected by immunohistochemical staining, Western blot and real-time PCR assay. The expressions of PTEN in activated HSC in the rat liver tissues were detected by immunofluorescence double labeling confocal laser scanning microscopy. The alpha-SMA in the rat liver tissues was determined by immunohistochemical staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The immunohistochemical staining indicated that there was extensive expression of PTEN in the liver tissues of normal rats, it was expressed mainly in the cytoplasm of the HSC. With the aggravation of hepatic fibrosis, the expression of PTEN in the hepatic tissues decreased gradually (P less than 0.01), while the alpha-SMA positive cells in the hepatic tissues increased significantly (P less than 0.01). The expressions of PTEN protein and mRNA in the rat liver tissues at week 1, 2, 3 and 4 after BDL were all lower than those in the sham operation group (P less than 0.01), and the expressions gradually decreased with the development of hepatic fibrosis (P less than 0.01). Immunofluorescence double labeling confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that PTEN were expressed extensively in activated HSC, especially in the cytoplasm, and with the development of hepatic fibrosis, the PTEN-expressing activated HSC accounted for an increasingly smaller percentage of total activated HSC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The expressions of PTEN mRNA and protein in rat fibrogenic liver tissues were downregulated, and their expressions in HSC in vivo also decreased. The dynamic expressions of PTEN in liver tissues had a significant negative correlation with the activation and proliferation of HSC.</p>

Time course of calpain activity changes in rat neurons following fluid percussion injury and the interventional effect of mild hypothermia / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the time course of calpain activity changes in rat neurons following fluid percussion injury (FPI) under normothermia (37 degrees celsius;) and mild hypothermia (32-/+0.5) degrees celsius;.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In vitro cultured rat neurons were subjected to FPI followed by application of mild hypothermia for intervention at different time points, and the changes in intraneuronal calpain activity following FPI and the interventional effect of mild hypothermia on calpain activity were evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry at different time points.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Remarkable changes occurred in calpain activity in the neurons following FPI at 37 degrees celsius;, and mild hypothermia produced obvious interventional effect on calpain activity in close relation to the timing of intervention initiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Intraneuronal calpain activity changes following FPI are involved in the pathological process of cellular injury, and mild hypothermia might offer protection against traumatic brain injury to some extent by regulating calpain activity. The interventional effect of mild hypothermia is associated with the timing of the intervention initiation.</p>

Analysis on Results of Genotypic Viral Resistance Test in 45 Children with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To observe the results of 45 cases with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS) genotypic viral resistance test(GT) assay.Method The technitues provided by AB Applied Biosystem was used to check the mutations in the reverse transcriptase associated with significant viral resistance.Results Fourteen cases out of 40(35%)cases which failed from first line regimen showed resistance to both zedovudine(ZDV) and lamivudine(LMV),and 26 cases out of 40(65%) cases showed resistance to ZDV or lamivudine used in the first line.For no-nucleoside reverse transcriptase in habitor(NNRTIs),11 cases out of 40(27%) cases had resistance to nevirapine(NVP),29 cases out of 40(63%) cases showed resistance to both NVP and efairavir(EFV).Two cases out of 5 which failed from second line regimen showed that one drug from both first and second line had no resistance,so it still could be used in the new regimen.Conclusion GT assay is very useful for choosing a best and personalized regimen for AIDS patients.

Production of High Ethanol Concentration from Raw Corn Flour Using Rhizopus sp. and Saccharomyces cerevisiae / 微生物学通报

A novel raw-starch-digesting glucoamylase producer,Rhizopus sp.W-08,was used in a novel fermentation system of solid-state followed by submerged,and high enzyme activity of 72 IU/mL was obtained.In the following simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Z-06 directly converted raw corn flour to ethanol with the concentration of 21 % (V/V) at 30℃ after 48h.The conversion efficiency of raw corn flour to ethanol was 94.5 % of the theoretical ethanol yield.