Resistance training effects on fatigue in runners / Efeitos do treino de resistência sobre a fadiga dos corredores / Efectos del ejercicio de resistencia en la fatiga de los corredores

ABSTRACT Introduction Start-up belongs to the group of fast combination exercises involving power and speed dominated by the short-term exhaustion of the whole body's power aiming at its displacement at high speed to obtain good results in competition. It is very important to master the technique correctly and to distribute the power reasonably for the acceleration of the start. Objective Explore the effect of aerobic endurance training on speed strength in starts. Methods Taking 16 high-level runners from a university sports team as research objects, 16 athletes were tested according to their test indicators; they were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group (8 people each in the experimental group and the control group). Results According to the post-test results of the experiment, the athletic performance of both groups of runners after training was improved, but the improvement in the experimental group was more evident and significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Start-up aerobic endurance training is very useful for improving endurance and speed in runners. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O arranque pertence ao grupo de exercício de combinação rápida envolvendo potência e velocidade dominado pela exaustão a curto prazo da potência de todo o corpo objetivando seu deslocamento em alta velocidade a fim de obter bons resultados na competição. É muito importante dominar a técnica corretamente e distribuir a energia razoavelmente para a aceleração do arranque. Objetivo Explorar o efeito do treinamento de resistência aeróbica sobre a força da velocidade em arranques. Métodos Tomando 16 corredores de alto nível de uma equipe esportiva universitária como objetos de pesquisa, 16 atletas foram testados, de acordo com seus indicadores de teste, eles foram designados aleatoriamente ao grupo experimental e ao grupo de controle (8 pessoas no grupo experimental e 8 no grupo de controle). Resultados De acordo com os resultados do pós-teste do experimento, o desempenho atlético dos dois grupos de corredores após o treinamento foi melhorado, mas a melhoria no grupo experimental foi mais evidente e significativa (p<0,05). Conclusão O treinamento de resistência aeróbica para arranque é muito útil para a melhoria da resistência e velocidade dos atletas corredores. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción El arranque pertenece al grupo de ejercicios combinados rápidos de potencia y velocidad dominados por el agotamiento a corto plazo de la potencia de todo el cuerpo con el objetivo de su desplazamiento en alta velocidad para obtener buenos resultados en la competición. Es muy importante dominar la técnica correctamente y distribuir la energía razonablemente para la aceleración de la salida. Objetivo Explorar el efecto del entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica sobre la fuerza de velocidad en las salidas. Métodos Tomando como objeto de investigación a 16 corredores de alto nivel de un equipo deportivo universitario, se realizaron pruebas a 16 atletas que, según sus indicadores de prueba, fueron asignados aleatoriamente al grupo experimental y al grupo de control (8 personas en el grupo experimental y 8 en el grupo de control). Resultados Según los resultados de la prueba posterior al experimento, el rendimiento atlético de ambos grupos de corredores después del entrenamiento mejoró, pero la mejora en el grupo experimental fue más evidente y significativa (p<0,05). Conclusión El entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica de arranque es muy útil para mejorar la resistencia y la velocidad de los corredores. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of the problem-based learning method on student electroencephalograms and microcirculatory blood perfusion in the teaching of sports physiology / Efecto del método de aprendizaje basado en problemas en electroencefalogramas y perfusión sanguínea microcirculatoria de estudiantes en la enseñanza de la fisiología del deporte / Efeito do método de aprendizagem baseada em problemas em eletroencefalogramas e perfusão sanguínea microcirculatória de estudantes no ensino de fisiologia do esporte

ABSTRACT Introduction Applying the problem-based learning (PBL) method to the teaching of sports physiology. Objective This study explored the mechanism of the PBL method to improve the interest and learning effectiveness of students. Methods Twenty male students at the Physical Education College of Hubei Minzu University were randomly divided into a PBL group (10) and a traditional teaching method group (TTM). During the test, the subjects in the TTM group sat quietly listening to the experienced teacher, while the subjects in PBL group sat quietly and participated in a 20-minute group discussion under the guidance of the experienced teacher. Transcutaneous partial pressure of oxygen (TcPO2), microcirculatory blood perfusion (MBP), and alpha- and beta-band power were monitored at the beginning of and during the test. Results The mean of the PBL-group quiz score was significantly higher than that of the TTM group. In the PBL group, the alpha power of the students decreased statistically in the F3, T3, P3, and O1 channels and the beta power of the students increased statistically in the F7, F3, T3, C3, P3, and O1 as compared to the baseline values. Conclusion PBL can be an effective learning mechanism, since the students are actively engaged in the teaching of sports physiology. Level of Evidence I; Therapeutic studies - Investigating treatment results.

RESUMEN Introducción Aplicación del método de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (PBL), a la enseñanza de la fisiología del deporte. Objetivos Este estudio exploró el mecanismo del método PBL para ampliar el interés y la eficacia del aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Métodos Veinte estudiantes varones de la Facultad de Educación Física de la Universidad de Hubei Minzu fueron divididos aleatoriamente en el grupo PBL (10) y en un grupo de método de enseñanza tradicional (TTM). Durante la prueba, los participantes del grupo TTM permanecieron sentados y escuchando en silencio al profesor experimentado, mientras que los del grupo PBL permanecieron sentados y participaron en un debate de grupo de 20 minutos de acuerdo con la orientación del mismo profesor. La presión parcial de oxígeno transcutáneo (TcpO2), la perfusión sanguínea microcirculatoria (MBP) y la potencia de las bandas alfa y beta se monitorizaron al inicio y durante la prueba. Resultados La puntuación media del cuestionario del grupo PBL fue significativamente mayor que la del grupo TTM. En el grupo PBL, la potencia alfa de los estudiantes disminuyó estadísticamente en los canales F3, T3, P3 y O1 y la potencia beta de los estudiantes aumentó en los canales F7, F3, T3, C3, P3 y O1 en comparación con los valores de referencia. Conclusión El PBL puede ser un mecanismo de aprendizaje eficaz, ya que los estudiantes participan activamente en la enseñanza de la fisiología del deporte. Nivel de evidencia I; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

RESUMO Introdução Aplicação do método de aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL) ao ensino da fisiologia do esporte. Objetivos Este estudo explorou o mecanismo do método PBL para ampliar o interesse e a eficácia da aprendizagem dos estudantes. Métodos Vinte estudantes do sexo masculino da Faculdade de Educação Física da Universidade Hubei Minzu foram divididos randomicamente em um grupo PBL (10) e um grupo de método de ensino tradicional (TTM). Durante o teste, os participantes do grupo TTM ficaram sentados e em silêncio ouvindo o professor experiente, enquanto os do grupo PBL ficaram sentados e participaram de uma discussão em grupo de 20 minutos de acordo com a orientação do mesmo professor. A pressão parcial do oxigênio transcutâneo (TcPO2), a perfusão sanguínea microcirculatória (MPB) e a potência das bandas alfa e beta foram monitoradas no início e durante o teste. Resultados A média do escore do questionário do grupo PBL foi significativamente maior do que a do grupo TTM. No grupo PBL, o poder alfa dos estudantes diminuiu em termos estatísticos nos canais F3, T3, P3 e O1 e o poder beta dos estudantes aumentou nos canais F7, F3, T3, C3, P3 e O1 em comparação com os valores basais. Conclusão O PBL pode ser um mecanismo eficaz de aprendizagem, uma vez que os estudantes ficam ativamente engajados no ensino da fisiologia do esporte. Nível de Evidência I; Estudos terapêuticos - Investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

linc00941 regulates the proliferation, invasion and glycolysis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma via miR-203/CCL2 axis / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#[摘要] 目的：探究linc00941 作为ceRNA吸附miR-203 上调CC-趋化因子配体2（CC chemokine ligand 2，CCL2）的表达在食 管鳞癌（esophageal squamous cell carcinoma，ESCC）中的作用机制。方法：选取南阳医学高等专科学校第一附属医院58 例ESCC 患者的癌组织和癌旁组织，其中，男性患者33 例，年龄（49.3±18.6）岁，女性患者25 例，年龄（44.6±20.7）岁。qPCR 法检测 linc00941、miR-203、CCL2 在ESCC 组织和4 株人ESCC 细胞系（EC9706、KYSE30、ECA109 和TE1）以及人正常食管上皮细胞株 HET-1A细胞系中的表达。构建linc00941-wt、linc00941-mut、CCL2-wt、CCL2-mut 质粒并分别与miR-203 NC 或miR-203 模拟物 共转染到293T 细胞中。双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证linc00941、miR-203、CCL2 之间的相互作用。CCK-8 和Transwell 实验检 测细胞的增殖与侵袭能力。乳酸含量检测评价细胞的糖酵解能力。流式细胞术检测细胞的凋亡情况。糖酵解抑制剂2-DG以及 linc00941 共同干预ESCC细胞，以进一步观察linc00941 对ESCC细胞的调控作用。结果：在ESCC组织中和细胞系中linc00941、 CCL2 表达均上调，miR-203 表达下调（均P<0.05）。linc00941 与miR-203、miR-203 与CCL2 的相互作用在ECA109 细胞中得到证 实。下调linc00941 能够抑制ECA109 细胞的增殖、侵袭和糖酵解，并诱导细胞凋亡，该作用被miR-203 抑制剂部分逆转（均 P<0.05）。过表达CCL2 可以部分逆转敲减linc00941 对ECA109 细胞增殖、侵袭、糖酵解和凋亡的影响（均P<0.05）。结论： linc00941 能够吸附miR-203 进而上调CCL2 的表达，促进ESCC细胞的增殖、侵袭和糖酵解，诱导细胞凋亡。linc00941 对ESCC细 胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的影响可能是通过调控糖酵解实现的。

Preoperative inflammatory indexes are useful predictors of postoperative survival in patients with local-advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Objective    To evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative inflammatory indexes in patients with local-advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Methods    We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and prognostic data of 150 local-advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who were treated by esophagectomy in Guangyuan Central Hospital from July 2014 to July 2015. There were 128 males and 22 females with average age of 62.23±8.48 years. The optimal cutoff value was determined by receiver operation characteristics (ROC) curve analysis. Patients were grouped according to the optimal cutoff values (NLR=3.49, PLR=152.28, MLR=0.36). Log-rank test, and multivariate Cox logistic regression modelling were used to assess the simultaneous influences of prognostic factors for survival outcomes after esophagectomy. Results    The patients with higher ratio (NLR>3.49, PLR>152.28, MLR>0.36) had significantly shorter median progression free survival (PFS) and lower postoperative recurrent rate than those of the patients with lower ratio. The stratified analyses found that thelymph node staging and postoperative recurrent rate were positively correlated with the higher ratio. However, the tumor differentiation was negatively correlated with it. In univariate analyses, patients with preoperative NLR>3.49, PLR>152.28 and MLR>0.36 had a poorer prognosis. Furthermore, in multivariate analyses we found MLR>0.36 was also significantly associated with a decreased postoperative recurrent rate (HR=12.945, 95%CI 2.31 to 72.548, P=0.00). Conclusions    The preoperative NLR, PLR and MLR are useful prognostic markers in patients with stage ⅢA-ⅣA esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who conducted esophagectomy.

Beneficial effect of berberine on atherosclerosis based on attenuating vascular inflammation and calcification / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial effect of berberine(BBR) on atherosclerosisin Apo-/-E mice and explore the underlying mechanisms based on attenuating vascular inflammation and modulating calcification in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS 48 Apo-/-E mice,at 6-8 weeks old,were randomly allocated into 4 groups: normal, model, bbr and atorvastatin (positive control) groups with 12 mice in each group. They were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks except those inNormal group and then treated with indicated drugs orsolvent for another 4 weeks. The morphology and inflammation infiltration of aortic were examined with HE staining. The expression of BMP-2 in aortic was examined by immumohistochemical staining. Blood lipid levels were examined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and BMP-2 in serum and tissues was detected by ELISA method. The expression of ALP and the content of calcium were detected by commercially-available kits. HUVEC cells were stimulated with TNF-α and incubated with various concentrations of BBR for 24 h. The contents of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), matrix metalloprotein-9(MMP-9) in the culture supernatant were detected by ELISA method. Calcification was induced with β-glycerophosphatein SMC cells and the effect of BBR on the content of calcium was examined. RESULTS 4-week berberine treatment markedly lowered serum TC and LDL-c levels and improved the plaque stability in Apo-/-E mice fed with a high-fat diet(P<0.05 or P<0.01) which was comparable with the effect of atorvastatin. Berberineal so significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in mice serum and aortic tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.001). Berberine tended to decrease ALP, BMP-2 levels and the content of calcium in mice serum and aortic tissues(P<0.05, P<0.01or P<0.001) which were not observed in atorvastatin group. Berberine significantly lowered the levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. It can also lowered the content of calcium in SMCs. CONCLUSION BBR can profitably regulate the levels of blood lipid in mice fed with a high-fat diet, decrease the injury caused by inflammation,and attenuate vascular calcification. It may improve atherosclerosis and play a role in cardiovascular protection.

Beneficial effect of berberine on atherosclerosis based on attenuating vascular inflammation and calcification / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE To investigate the beneficial effect of berberine (BBR) on atherosclerosis in Apo-/-E mice and explore the underlying mechanisms based on attenuating vascular inflammation and modulating calcification in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and smooth muscle cells(SMCs). METHODS 48 Apo-/-E mice,at 6-8 weeks old,were randomly allocated into 4 groups:normal, model, bbr and atorvastatin (positive control) groups with 12 mice in each group. They were fed with high-fat diet for 4 weeks except those in Normal group and then treated with indicated drugs or solvent for another 4 weeks. The morphology and inflammation infiltration of aortic were examined with HE staining. The expression of BMP- 2 in aortic was examined by immumohistochemical staining. Blood lipid levels were examined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The expression of IL-6, TNF-αand BMP-2 in serum and tissues was detected by ELISA method. The expression of ALP and the content of calcium were detected by commercially-available kits. HUVEC cells were stimulated with TNF-α and incubated with various concentrations of BBR for 24 h. The contents of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), matrix metalloprotein-9 (MMP-9) in the culture supernatant were detected by ELISA method. Calcification was induced with β-glycerophos?phate in SMC cells and the effect of BBR on the content of calcium was examined. RESULTS 4-week berberine treatment markedly lowered serum TC and LDL-c levels and improved the plaquestabilityin Apo-/- E mice fed with a high- fat diet (P<0.05 or P<0.01) which was comparable with the effect of atorvastatin. Berberine also significantly decreased the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in mice serum and aortic tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.001). Berberine tended to decrease ALP, BMP-2 levels and the content of calcium in mice serum and aortic tissues (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) which were not observed in atorvastatin group. Berberine significantly lowered the levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and MMP-9 in TNF-α-stimulated HUVECs. It can also lowered the content of calcium in SMCs. CONCLUSION BBR can profitably regulate the levels of blood lipid in mice fed with a high-fat diet, decrease the injury caused by inflammation, and attenuate vascular calcification. It may improve atherosclerosis and play a role in cardiovascular protection.

MR Imaging of Knee Osteoarthritis and Correlation of Findings with Reported Patient Pain / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

To evaluate lesion detection of MR1 in knee joint osteoarthritis in patients with symptoms of pain,the correlation between MRI findings and varying degrees of reported pain was assessed.Twenty-eight patients(31 knees)with osteoarthritis were recruited for this study.The degree of knee pain was assessed by VRS scores.The knees were evaluated by plain film radiograph utilizing Kellgren-Lawrence scores.Multiple MR sequences were performed on a 1.5T MR-system,including sagittal and coronal dual fast spin echo(TR/TE 3660/11/120 ms,slice thickness 5 mm),coronal spin echo T1-weighted(TR/TE 360/9 ms,slice thickness 5 mm),sagittal fat saturated 3D-spoiled gradient-recalled echo(TR/TE 50/6 ms; slice thickness 1.5 mm; flip angle 40°),and 3D steady-state free precession (TR/TE 6/2.2 ms; slice thickness 1.6 mm: flip angle 30°)pulse sequences for the purpose of detecting abnormities of cartilage,menisci,the anterior cruciate ligaments,bone marrow edema-like lesions,osteophytes,synovitis,and joint effusions.MR findings were compared with the degree of pain using Fisher exact test with P values less than 0.05 indicating a statistically significant difference.The results showed that,of the 31 knees evaluated,mild pain was reported in 11 and severe pain in the remainder.Kellgren-Lawrence scores of all 31 evaluated OA knees were as follows: grade 1 lesions(n=6),grade 2 lesions(n=14),grade 3 lesions(n=8),and grade 4 lesions(n=3).Articular cartilaginous defects were found in 37.1% of knees.Abnormalities of the menisci and anterior cruciate ligaments,bone marrow edema-like lesions,osteophytes,synovitis,and joint effusions were detected in 32.3%,38.7%,45.2%,100%,15.1% and 67.7% of knees,respectively.Of these variables,only the differences in prevalence of joint effusions were significantly different in the mild and severe pain groups(P=0.004).It is concluded that MRI evaluates the entire joint structure of the osteoarthritic knee,demonstrating abnormalities of the cartilage,menisci,and anterior cruciate ligaments as well as bone marrow edema-like lesions,osteophytes,synovitis,and joint effusions.The difference in pain grading between OA patients reporting mild and severe degrees of pain is related to the presence of joint effusion.