Evaluation of renal tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury with ultrasound radiation force and targeted microbubbles / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the sensitivity and feasibility of detecting microvascular inflammation in renal ischemia- reperfusion injury using microbubbles (MB) targeted to the intercellular adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and ultrasound radiation force (USRF).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mouse models of kidney ischemia-reperfusion were randomized into 5 groups with reperfusion time of 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h (IRlh, IR3h, IR6h, IR12h, and IR24h group, respectively). Each group was subdivided into targeted MB group (MBgroup) and targeted MB +USRF group (MBgroup). Kidney enhancement and the video intensity (VI) of the kidneys were compared among the groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In normal mice in either Mor MBgroup, no obvious enhancement of the kidney or significant increase in VI of the kidneys was observed (P=0.923). The kidneys were enhanced in all the mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, and with the passage of time, the enhancement increased progressively. VI in the kidneys of mice with renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in MBgroup increased more significantly compared with the MBgroup. Significant difference in the VI was noted among the groups with different perfusion time but not between IR12h and IR24h groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Microbubbles targeted to ICAM-1 combined with USRF can effectively evaluate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice and can be used for early evaluation of microvascular inflammation and other endothelial responses.</p>

Control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease and its associated factors / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the management and control of hypertension in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) and its associated factors.Methods Data of 726in-patients with CKD and hypertension who hospitalized in our hospital from March 2009 to April 2010 were studied.Results 91.74％ of patients was treated with antihypertensive medications,and 21.21％, 22.59％, 19.56％, 28.37％ of patients received 1, 2, 3, ≥4 antihypertensive drugs,respectively.42.4％ of patients with CKD and hypertension could be controlled up to the standard,and the mean blood pressure was(137.86±20.75)/(76.30±11.35) mm Hg.There was significant difference among stage 1 plus 2, 3, 4 plus 5 (non-dialysis), 5 (dialysis) kidney diseases, with the hypertension control rate being 50.8％, 46.7％, 42.0％, 33.5％, respectively.The hypertension control rate of non-dialysis patients was significantly higher than that of dialysis (44.9％ vs 33.5％,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference between blood dialysis group and peritoneal dialysis group(32.3％ vs 38.7％, P＞0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that female (OR=1.787, 95％CI 1.045-3.056)and ACEI application (OR=4.378, 95％CI1.830-10.472) were positively associated with hypertension control.Whereas, diabetes (OR=0.415, 95％CI 0.188-0.919)and pulse pressure (OR =0.847, 95％ CI 0.811-0.885) were associated with inadequate blood pressure control.ConclusionsDespite almost universal hypertension treatment is used in patients with CKD and high blood pressure, the hypertension control rate is still suboptimal.Female and ACEI are positively associated with adequate hypertension control, whereas diabetes and pulse pressure are negatively associated with the standard.

Preliminary study of an intracavitary convex array probe for detecting distal extracranial internal carotid artery by transoral carotid ultrasonography / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the feasibility of using an intracavitary convex array probe for detecting the distal extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) by transoral carotid ultrasonography (TOCU).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty patients underwent examinations with bilateral ICA inspected with an intracavitary convex array probe by TOCU to observe the internal diameter, visible length, peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV) and resistance index (RI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eight of the 40 patients were excluded from the observation for the presence of carotid plaques. The examination was terminated in two patients due to sensitive throat and severe pharyngeal reflex. The rest of the patients completed the examination of the internal diameter, visible length, PSV, EDV and RI, which showed no statistically significant differences among them (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using intracavitary convex array probe, the distal extracranial ICA disease can be diagnosed with higher accuracy.</p>