Effect of Rehabilitation on Patients with Anterior Talofibular Ligament Injury at Different Stages / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of rehabilitation training at different stages on patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury after conservative treatment. Methods:From October 2017 to October 2018, 58 patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury were divided into six-week rehabilitation group (n = 29) and twelve-week rehabilitation group (n = 29), according to the time they began rehabilitation after injury. Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot function scoring system were used to evaluate ankle function before rehabilitation, and two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks after rehabilitation, respectively. Results:Two weeks, four weeks and eight weeks after rehabilitation, the scores of VAS and AOFAS improved in both groups (|t| > 4.137, P < 0.001), the scores of VAS were lower (|t| > 3.110, P < 0.01), and the scores of AOFAS were higher (|t| > 3.016, P < 0.01) in the six-week rehabilitation group than in the twelve-week rehabilitation group. Conclusion:It is suggested to begin rehabilitation within six weeks for patients with anterior talofibular ligament injury after conservative treatment.

Therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To compared the therapeutic effect of improved macular hole surgery to traditional macular hole surgery for idiopathic macular hole (IMH).· METHODS:From April 2014 to June 2017,28 eyes of 28 IMH patients who were treated in our hospital were selected consecutively and received surgical treatment independently performed by the same physician in our hospital.The patients were divided into A (traditional group) and B (improvement group) groups.All 13 cases in Group A were treated with traditional vitrectomy internal limiting membrane peeling and C3 F8 tamponade,while all 15 cases in Group B were treated with improved indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade.All patients were reviewed at 1wk,1,3,and 6mo after surgery.The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and after the operation,operation time,closure rate of the macular hole during the last review and prone time were compared between the two groups of patients.· RESULTS:There was no significant difference in closure rate between the two groups (P＞ 0.05).Postoperative BCVA increased in both groups compared with preoperatively and the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But there was no significant difference on BCVA between the two groups both preoperatively and postoperatively (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A (P＜0.05).Prone time in Group B was significantly shorter than that in Group A,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION:This study shows that compared with the traditional group,the improved indocyanine green-assisted peeling of internal limiting membrane combined with macular hole reconstruction and air tamponade can achieve similarly high closure rates while the operation procedure was simplified and the operation time was shortened.Reduced number of instruments into and out of the incision can reduce the incidence of complications.The postoperative patient's prone time is significantly shortened,with high comfort and good compliance.

The formulation and characterization of near infrared-mediated size reversible ultrasound contrast agent / 药学学报

The drug-loaded ultrasound (US) contrast nanoparticles, which can effectively accumulate in the tumor to penetrate into its deep section, were prepared. After being heated or under the near infrared (NIR) light irradiation, the size of nanoparticles would transform from nanometer-scale to micrometer-scale in vitro, which can vastly enhance the effect of US imaging. We evaluated the size changes of the nanoparticles in vitro, investigating their effect in ultrasound imaging and distribution in vivo. Liposomes containing hydrophobic modified hollow gold nanospheres (HAuNS), doxorubicin (DOX) and perfluorohexane (PFH), which were referred to DOX and HAuNS loaded PFH liposome (DHPL), were prepared by thin film evaporation and ultrasonic technique. The morphology and size of DHPL were measured by transmission electron microscopy and particle size analyzer with dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The agar gel pore model was used to investigate the enhanced effect of nanoparticles in vitro US imaging under the NIR light irradiation. The biodistribution of DHPL in 4T1 tumor-bearing mice after intravenous injection was measured by the in vivo imaging system. The DHPL were spherical at a particle size of 302 ±5 nm and polydispersity index of 0.195 ±0.018. The HAuNS loaded on phospholipid membrane was observed in transmission electron microscope (TEM) image. Under the NIR light irradiation (1 or 2 W·cm-2), the temperature of the solution containing the DHPL (0.2, 0.04, 0.02 g·L-1 in terms of HAuNS) rose rapidly. And a certain amount of micrometer-sized particles could be detected by the particle size analyzer when the temperature of the analyzer was raised to 52℃. The abundant microbubbles, which would enhance the effect of US imaging, were detected by ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus when the nanoparticles were irradiated by NIR light in the in vitro US imaging experiment. The in vivo distribution experiment showed that the DHPL could effectively accumulate in the tumor due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect (EPR effect) of the tumor. In this study, we successfully made a nanometer-micrometer reversible nanoparticles that can accumulate inside the tumor to provide a feasible scheme for US imaging in the tumor site and the combinational photothermal-chemotheraphy simultaneously.

Progress of benign essential blepharospasm / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Blepharospasm is a focal dystonia of the orbicularis oculi muscles, producing excessive eye closure. The etiology and pathogenesis is still unclear now. lt is usually appearing in adult period and predominant in females. The symptoms are typically triggered by stress, fatigue, intense light or individual factors. At advanced stages patients develop functional blindness. At present the main treatments include: botulinum toxin ( BTX ) , surgical procedures, systemic and ocular drugs and traditional Chinese medicine treatment. BTX administration has been an effective treatment. Surgical procedures have good effect but should be limited to the rare patients that do not respond to botulinum toxin treatment. A great variety of drugs have poor results. Chinese medicine has a certain therapeutic effect. Transcranial magnetic stimulation can improve symptoms. The epidemiology, anatomy, physiology, clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis, pathogenesis and treatment system were reviewed in this paper.

Modeling and optimization of lipase-catalyzed synthesis of cholesteryol vinyl hemi-sebacate by response surface methodology / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To model and optimize the reaction conditions of enzymatic esterification of cholesterol with diethenyl decanedioate in isooctane by response surface metodology (RSM).

Application studies on the gene diagnosis and carrier detection of hemophilia A by using polymerase chain reaction-conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis / 中华医学遗传学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a simple, rapid and easy method for screening the gene mutation in hemophilia A, which was further applied to a direct diagnosis and carrier detection at gene level.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-four clinically diagnosed hemophilia pedigrees, including all the hemophilia patients and female members, were tested for the introns 22 and 1 in factor VIII gene by using inversion polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and regular PCR techniques. All the 26 exons of factor VIII gene were consecutively screened in the 17 patients manifesting non-inverted sequences in intron 22 by using PCR, subsequently all the 37 amplicons resulted from 26 exons were analyzed by conformation sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE), finally the mutated exons were subjected to sequencing verification. According to the mutation results, mothers and twin sisters of the hemophilia probands were tested by CSGE or subjected to nucleotide sequencing directly, to ascertain if those individuals had the same mutation or were the carriers of disease-causing gene.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intron 22 inversion was detected in 7 hemophilia probands out of 24 hemophilia pedigrees, intron 1 inversion was not detected in these pedigrees. Single-base mutations distributed in different exons of factor VIII gene were detected in 13 pedigrees with family history and 3 sporadic pedigrees, diagnosed as non-inverted 22 intron patients. By comprehensive usage of PCR-CSGE and nucleotide sequencing, the positive rate and the diagnosable rate of gene diagnosis or carrier detection in the 24 hemophilia pedigrees was 94.12% and 100% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PCR-CSGE is a highly sensitive and special assay for detecting single base mutation. By integrated utilization of introns 22 and 1 of factor VIII gene detection and PCR-CSGE genotyping, combining with nucleotide sequencing, a direct diagnosis of all hemophilia pedigrees be could nearly make at gene level, including the sporadic families. This method might be used to screen new mutation theoretically and ascertain the mutation type. It is a simple, rapid and low-cost method, possessing unique advantages in direct diagnosis of hemophilia A and carrier screening. It should have important application value in hemophilia diagnosis.</p>

The measurement of proportion and function of regulatory T cells in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective To investigate the proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ regulatory T cells (CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr)in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion(URSA).Methods(1)Proportion measurement:the proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells in peripheral blood was measured by double-label flow cytometric analysis.The samples were taken from 15 URSA women,15 normal non-pregnancy women and 13 normal pregnancy women.(2)Function measurement:CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr ceils and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T ce]ls were extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes by the microbeads separation.The purity of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells and CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry.The growth inhibitory effect of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells on CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ T cells was assessed in vitro.Results The proportion of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells was decreased significantly in URSA women(6.9?1.8)% than that in normal non-pregnancy women[(10.8?1.1)%] (P0.05).Conclusion The results suggest that decrease in proportion and function of CD_4~+ CD_(25)~+ Tr cells may be associated with URSA.