Military-related posttraumatic stress disorder and mindfulness meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant global mental health concern, especially in the military. This study aims to estimate the efficacy of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of military-related PTSD, by synthesizing evidences from randomized controlled trials.@*METHODS@#Five electronic databases (Pubmed, EBSCO Medline, Embase, PsychINFO and Cochrane Library) were searched for randomized controlled trials focusing on the treatment effect of mindfulness meditation on military-related PTSD. The selection of eligible studies was based on identical inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information about study characteristics, participant characteristics, intervention details, PTSD outcomes, as well as potential adverse effects was extracted from the included studies. Risk of bias of all the included studies was critically assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool. R Statistical software was performed for data analysis.@*RESULTS@#A total of 1902 records were initially identified and screened. After duplicates removal and title & abstract review, finally, 19 articles in English language with 1326 participants were included through strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results revealed that mindfulness meditation had a significantly larger effect on alleviating military-related PTSD symptoms compared with control conditions, such as treatment as usual, present-centered group therapy and PTSD health education (standardized mean difference (SMD) = -0.33; 95% CI [-0.45, -0.21]; p < 0.0001). Mindfulness interventions with different control conditions (active or non-active control, SMD = -0.33, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.19]; SMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.88, -0.10], respectively), formats of delivery (group-based or individual-based, SMD = -0.30, 95% CI [-0.42, -0.17], SMD = -0.49, 95% CI [-0.90, -0.08], respectively) and intervention durations (short-term or standard duration, SMD = -0.27, 95% CI [-0.46, -0.08], SMD = -0.40, 95% CI [-0.58, -0.21], respectively) were equally effective in improving military-related PTSD symptoms.@*CONCLUSION@#Findings from this meta-analysis consolidate the efficacy and feasibility of mindfulness meditation in the treatment of military-related PTSD. Further evidence with higher quality and more rigorous design is needed in the future.

Value of magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography combined with conventional MRI in diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary duct lesions / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To observe the manifestations of magnetic resonance cholangiopanceatography (MRCP) and conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for pancreaticobiliary duct lesions. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with pancreaticobiliary duct lesions, which were confirmed by pathology and comprehensive imaging, were examined by 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction, 2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI. The MRCP and MRI manifestations of different lesions were analyzed and their diagnostic values were discussed. Results: Calculus of bile duct and pancreatic duct was found in 28 patients, chronic pancreatitis in 9, pancreatic cancer in 9, carcinomas of bile duct in 5, metastases to lymph nodes of porta hepatic in 2, congenital choledochus dilatation, cholecystectomy, pancreas divisum, post liver transplantation, and malignant intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of pancreatic duct all in 1. The manifestations of 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction, 2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI for pancreaticobiliary duct lesions were different and had their own characteristics. Conclusion: The combinations of 3D-MRCP volume scanning with thin slice reconstruction, 2D-MRCP projective scanning and conventional MRI can help to locate and diagnose pancreaticobiliary duct lesions.

Preoperative 3-phase contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography image in evaluating resectibility of pancreatic carcinoma: A comparison with postoperative pathological results / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To evaluate the role of 3-phase contrast-enhanced multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) in observing blood vessel invasion around the pancreas before operation and its value in assessing the resectibility of pancreatic carcinoma. Methods: The 3-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT scanning images of 25 patients with pancreatic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The intensity difference in 3-phase contrast-enhanced MDCT scanning images between pancreatic carcinoma and normal pancreas and the involvement of major blood vessel were analyzed; the results were compared with those of operative finding. Results: Seventeen patients had pancreatic carcinomas at the head of pancreas, six at the body of pancreas, and two at the tail of pancreas. The diameters of pancreatic carcinomas were ≤2 cm in two patients, and the others with diameter >2 cm. All the 25 patients were surgically treated, 12 receiving pancreaticoduodenectomy and 13 receiving palliative surgery. Four (9 blood vessels)patients were misdiagnosed as unresectable and 3 (8 blood vessels)as resectable. The arterial phase of MDCT was helpful for observation of the blood vessel involvement and for performing computed tomographic arteriography (CTA), which can better assess the tumor invasion of arteries around the pancreas. The largest intensity difference between normal pancreas and pancreatic carcinomas was found during the pancreatic phase, making it easier to discover pancreatic carcinoma. The largest intensity difference between liver and metastatic tumor was found in the liver phase, making it easier for qualitative diagnosis. Conclusion: Three phase contrast-enhanced scanning with MDCT has great value for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma and for assessment of major blood vessel involvement. MDCT, together with other criteria, can help to assess the resectibility of tumor before operation.

Preparation of diclofenac sodium liposomes and its ocular pharmacokinetics / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To prepare diclofenac sodium liposomes and observe its ocular pharmacokinetics in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The diclofenac sodium cationic liposomes were prepared by reverse-phase evaporation methods and the formula of liposome was optimized with uniform design. HPLC method was established and validated for the determination of diclofenac sodium in precornea, cornea and aqueous humor of rabbit eye. Liposome and eyedrop solution 50 microL with total 50 microg diclofenac sodium were instilled to eyes of rabbits, separately. Samples of tear, cornea and aqueous humor were collected at different time intervals after rabbits were sacrificed. The ocular pharmacokinetics was investigated by the concentration-time data of tear, cornea and aqueous humor.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean particle size of the diclofenac sodium liposomes was 226.5 nm with zeta potential of + 18. 1 mV. The entrapment efficiency reached 63%. Compared with solution, liposome was characterized by slower clearance in precornea. The concentration of diclotenac in cornea and aqueous humor instilled with liposome were higher than that with eye-drop solution. Cmax of diclofenac sodium in aqueous humor instilled with liposome and eye-drop solution were (0.69 +/- 0.25) and (0.48 +/- 0.19) microg x mL(-1) and (36.68 +/- 11.7) and (21.82 +/- 8.6) microg x g(-1) in cornea, respectively. But no significant difference were found to Tmax in aqueous humor and cornea between liposome and eyedrop, T(1/2) of diclofenac in aqueous humor and cornea with liposoine were longer than that with eye-drop solution. The ocular bioavailability of liposome in aqueous humor was 211% compared with that of eyedrop.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diclofenac sodium cationic liposomes can increase the corneal contact time, enhance the corneal permeability of diclofenac sodium and improve its ocular bioavailability.</p>

Effect of 15-HETE on potassium channels of rabbit pulmonary arterial smooth muscles during hypoxia / 生理学报

This study investigated the role of 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) in rabbit pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) under hypoxia by using organ bath and whole cell patch-clamp techniques. Neonatal rabbits born into normoxic environment were transferred after first feeding into normal and hypoxic environments with respectively 0.21 and 0.12 fractional inspired oxygen (FiO2). Pulmonary arteries were extracted after 9 d and cut into rings 1.0 approximately 1.5 mm in length for organ bath experiments. Whole cell patch-clamp technique was used to measure the potassium current in the freshly dispersed rabbit PASMCs. The results showed that 15-HETE-induced vasoconstriction was blocked by 4-aminopyridine (5 mmol/L), a Kv channel blocker. The K(ATP) channel blocker glyburide (1 micromol/L) and the BKCa channel blocker tetraethylammonium (10 mmol/L) did not abolish this vasoconstriction. 15-HETE decreased the whole-cell voltage-gated K+ current in the PASMCs. These findings demonstrate that hypoxia blocks Kv channels through a 15-HETE mediated mechanism, leading to PA vasoconstriction.

Significance of Changes of Blood Lipids,Endothelin and Carbohydrate Tolerance in Simple Obesity Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipid,endothelin(ET)and carbohydrate tolerance in simple obesity children.Methods Serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyeride(TG),low density lipoprotein(LDL),endothelin(ET) and oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT) of 436 cases(light obesity group 242,moderate obesity group 138,heavy obesity group 56) were detected respectively.Results The levels of TC,TG,LDL,ET and OGTT in 3 simple obesity groups were all higher than those in control group obviously and there were significant differences.The significant positive correlation between the obesity children serum lipids,ET and obese degrees were observed.Four insulin resistant children were found in heavy obesity group and none in other groups.Conclusions The levels of serum lipids and ET increases in obesity children and the OGTT decreases in some heavy obesity children.For preventing the obesity related health problems,the simple obesity children should be paid more attention to earlier.