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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the preventive protective effect of matrine(MT) on α-naphthl isocyanate(ANIT)-induced cholestasis in rat, and to explore its possible mechanism. METHODS: Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with six rats in each group: normal control group, model group, low dose matrine(5 mgkg-1), high dose matrine group(10 mgkg-1) and positive control group(ursodeoxycholic acid 100 mgkg-1), which were administered continuously for 7 d. All groups except the normal control group were given 60 mgkg-1 ANIT at the fifth day. After the last administration, all rats were fasted 24 h and arterial blood were collected to detect the indexes of total bilirubin(TBIL), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and alkaline phosphatase(ALP). The livers were picked for HE staining, immunohistochemistry(IHC) analysis and Western blot(WB), to indentify the protein expressions of CYP3A4 and PXR. RESULTS: Compared to model group, low-dose and high-dose matrine decreased TBIL, AST, ALT and ALP significantly; IHC analysis showed that the expression of CYP3A4 in high-dose group was significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.05). The results of WB showed that the expressions of CYP3A4 and PXR in two matrine groups were significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.05), however, only CYP3A4 expression in UDCA group was significantly higher than that in model group(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Matrine could improve cholestatic liver injury in rats and its mechanism might be related to the upregulation of CYP3A4 expression controled by inducing PXR expression.
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OBJECTIVE: To conduct a retrospective cohort study and determine the influence of the vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 (VKORC1) gene alleles on over anticoagulation and bleeding complication in Chinese population. METHODS: Patients who underwent heart valve replacement operation in Cardiovascular Surgery of Fujian Provincial Hospital between January 2011 and August 2013 were included, who took warfarin at least 3 months and whose INR level was controlled between 1.8 and 2.5. Genotypes of VKORC1-1639 G>A were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-gene sequencing technique. SPSS19.0 software was used to analyze the association between genotypes andwarfarin bleeding complications, adjusted for demographic and clinical factors. RESULTS Totally 196 patients were included, mean age (50.8 ± 10.7) years, 80 males, average follow-up (26.9 ± 11.8) months. Of the 434 patient-year, 18 severe bleeding and 59 minor bleeding occurred in 31patients. Patients with VKORC1-1639 AA were associated with higher bleeding risk than G carriers (HR 3.14; 95% CI: 1.14-8.68). Meanwhile, Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that time to bleeding evens of VKORC1-1639 AA carriers was shorter than G-carriers(Log-rank test, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: VKORC1-1639 G > A might be the major predictive factor of bleeding complication for warfarin therapy in Chinese patients.
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Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics on the clustering nature of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in China.Methods Time and place distribution of pandemic (H1N1) 2009on the nature of clustering through data from Public Health Emergency Management Information System were described.Results As of August 10,2010,2773 pandemic (H1N1) 2009 clusters,a total of 77363 cases (including 20 deaths) were reported in the mainland of China.The most reported number of clusters was from schools and kindergartens with the total number of 2498 (accounted for 90.08％ of the total number).Middle schools appeared the have the most clusters (1223,accounting for 48.96％ ).The number of clusters reported in the southern provinces (cities) accounted for 77.03％ of the total,and was more than that in the northern provinces (cities).Two reported peaks in the southern provinces (cities) were in June and November,2009,respectively.There was only one reported peakin the northern provinces in September,2009.Conclusion Time and place distribution characteristics on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 were similar to the seasonal influenza,but the beginning of winter peak was much earlier and intensity of reporting was much higher on the clusters of pandemic (H1N1 ) 2009 than that of seasonal influenza.