Antidiabetic activity of Callicarpa nudiflora extract in type 2 diabetic rats via activation of the AMPK-ACC pathway

Objective: To evaluate the antidiabetic effect of Callicarpa nudiflora extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods: The chemical constituents in Callicarpa nudiflora extract were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Callicarpa nudiflora extract (0.15 and 0.3 g/kg) was orally administered to streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats for 42 d. The effects of Callicarpa nudiflora extract on body weight, blood glucose, serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C were investigated, and its effect on liver and pancreatic pathology was assessed by histopathological analysis. Moreover, the expression levels of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4), phospho-AMPK/AMPK, and p-acetyl-coA carboxylase (P-ACC)/ACC in the skeletal muscles and liver were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results: A total of 34 compounds, including 8 iridoids, 14 phenylpropanoids, and 12 flavonoids, were identified from Callicarpa nudiflora extract. Callicarpa nudiflora extract significantly reduced blood glucose and significantly restored all other biochemical parameters to near normal levels, including serum insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C, and HDL-C. Callicarpa nudiflora extract improved insulin resistance and reversed the damage in the liver and pancreas caused by diabetes. Furthermore, Callicarpa nudiflora extract increased the expression levels of phospho-AMPK, GLUT4, P-ACC, and insulin receptor substrate-1 and decreased the expression level of PPAR毭 in diabetic rats.Conclusions: Callicarpa nudiflora extract improved oral glucose tolerance, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, and reversed the diabetes-related damage in the liver and pancreas by activating the AMPK-ACC pathway.

Progress in diagnosis and treatment of medium chain acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency / 中国实用儿科杂志

Medium chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidative deficiency disease. It has various clinical manifestations,such as hypoglycemia,lethargy,myasthenia,etc. Different clinical manifestations and atypical biochemical examination can increase the difficulty of diagnosis,which is more likely to result in misdiagnosis. If it is not treated in time,mortality and the rate of sequelae are high,but if confirmed by neonatal screening and treated in time,satisfactory results can be obtained.

Chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction from seed melon (Citrulluslanatus ssp. vulgaris var. megalaspermus) / 中国中药杂志

In this paper, the chemical composition of ethyl acetate parts of seed melon were studied by using ethanol re-flux method, extraction method, and isolated by column chromatography oversilica gel and Sephadex LH-20 and HPLC. The structures of the separated compounds were identified by physical-chemical methods and spectral data such as MS, ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, etc. 12 compounds were got from the plant including one new compound, 4-hydroxymet-hyl-2-methoxyphenyl 1-O-β-D-[6'-O-(4″-hydroxybenzoyl)-glucopyranoside] (1) and 11 known compounds, uracil (2), thymine (3), 2'-deoxyuridine (4), 7,8-dimethylalloxazine (5), indole-3-carboxylic acid (6), β-adenosine (7), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8), p-coumaric acid (9), cucumegastigmanesⅠ (10), 3'-methoxyl-quercetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) and 3,3'-dimethyloxy-4,4'-dihydroxy-9,9'-monoepoxy lignan (12).

Prospective study on comparing two methods: for dynamic monitoring of minimal residual disease in acute promyelocytic leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was purposed to comparatively analyse the value of PCR and FCM for dynamic monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) of acute promyelocytic leukemia. The patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia hospitalized in our hospital from January 2011 to December 2012 were observed and all achieved complete remission after remission induction therapy. Before the chemotherapy, the bone marrow cell morphology examination, polymerase-chain reaction (PCR) and multi-parameter flow cytometry (FCM) were performed for each patient. Then the detection results were statistically analyzed. The 477 specimens were achieved from 159 detections for 48 patients. The results showed that 3 specimens were found to be relapsed by bone marrow cell examination, and other specimens were complete remission;PCR detection confirmed 7 positive, and the FCM confirmed 19 positive. There wasn't significant difference between PCR and FCM by kappa test (P > 0.05). It is concluded that FCM is as sensitive as PCR in evaluating the treatment effect of acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Significance of hemophagocytosis in diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to explore the diagnostic significance of hemophagocytosis in the patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). 61 suspected HLH patients from June 2005 to October 2008 were enrolled in the study. The suspected HLH patients were divided into confirmed group (43 out of 61) and excluded group (18 out of 61) according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. The incidences of hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, spleen or lymph nodes were compared in all groups. The results indicated that the hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, spleen or lymph nodes was found in 33 patients of confirmed group, while the hemophagocytosis was found in 4 patients of excluded group. The sensitivity of hemophagocytosis for the diagnosis of HLH was 76.7%, and its specificity was 77.8%. In conclusion, hemophagocytosis is a helpful marker for the diagnosis of most but not all HLH patients, however, the lack of hemophagocytosis does not mean to exclude the diagnosis of HLH.

Clinical analysis of 14 patients with lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and therapy of patients with lymphoma associated hemophagocytic syndrome (LAHS) so as to provide the clinical basis for improving its recognition and giving effective therapy. The clinical data of 14 patients with LAHS in Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University during the period from June 2005 to May 2008 were collected, the informations including primary diseases, clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, therapy and outcome were analyzed retrospectively, the coincidence of each diagnostic index was compared before and after diagnosis. All 14 patients were given therapeutic regimens containing fludarabine, methylprednisolone and gammaglobulin (FDIg) after final diagnosis. The results indicated that 100% patients had abnormal changes on NK cell activity and sCD25 level in serum, but hemophagocytosis in less than 40% patients at early stage was found in bone marrow. Even after confirmed diagnosis of the disease, the percentage of patients with hemophagocytosis was not up to 50%. 9 out of the 14 patients had a good prognosis after treatment, and the other 5 patients died. It is concluded that the detection of NK cell activity and sCD25 level in serum may be valuable for the early diagnosis of LAHS, the hemophagocytosis is not necessary for the diagnosis of LAHS. Fludarabine combined with methylprednisolone and gamma globulin may provide a new strategy for LAHS therapy.

Diagnostic significance of NK cell activity and soluble CD25 level in serum from patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the clinical significance of NK cell activity and serum soluble CD25 (sCD25) level in early diagnosis of the patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). 38 suspected secondary HLH patients from June 2005 to June 2008 and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in the study. The NK cell activity in peripheral blood was determined by a released LDH assay, The sCD25 level in serum was detected with ELISA double antibody sandwich assay. The 38 suspected secondary HLH patients were divided into diagnosed and excluded group according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria, The NK cell activity and sCD25 level were compared between the two groups. The results showed that 22 out of 38 suspected patients were diagnosed as secondary HLH, the NK cell activity in peripheral blood of these 22 patients was significantly lower than that of healthy control (p < 0.001), the sCD25 level in peripheral blood of these 22 diagnosed patients was higher than that of healthy control (p < 0.05). In conclusion, detection of NK cell activity and sCD25 level may be valuable in the early diagnosis of secondary HLH.

Diagnostic significance of glycosylated ferritin for patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the level of glycosylated ferritin in the patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and its diagnostic significance. 29 suspected HLH patients from October 2007 to October 2008 were enrolled in the study, and 25 healthy subjects were selected as control. The 29 suspected HLH patients were divided into confirmed group (22 out of 29) and unconfirmed group (7 out of 29) according to HLH-2004 diagnostic criteria. The percentage of glycosylated ferritin in peripheral blood was determined by phytohemagglutinin adsorption assay. The results showed that the median level of total serum ferritin in patients of confirmed group (2897.6+/-1837.2 microg/L) was significantly higher than that in patients of unconfirmed group (653.1+/-249.1 microg/L) (p<0.01), and was also higher than that in controls (414.6+/-212.6 microg/L) (p<0.01). The median percentage of glycosylated ferritin in patients of confirmed group was significantly lower (17.0+/-4.2%) than that in patients of unconfirmed group (40.7+/-4.5%) (p<0.01) and was lower than that in controls (53.6+/-13.3%) (p<0.01). The sensitivity (86.4% vs 77.3%) and specificity (71.4% vs 42.9%) of glycosylated ferritin for the diagnosis of HLH were higher than that of total serum ferritin. In conclusions, glycosylated ferritin may be a helpful marker for the diagnosis of HLH.

Diagnostic significance of NK cell activity in the patients with hemophagocytic syndrome / 中国实验血液学杂志

This study was aimed to explore the level of NK cell activity in the patients with secondary hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS) and its significance for early diagnosis of this disease. 16 suspected HPS patients and 25 healthy subjects were enrolled in this study. The activity of NK cells in peripheral blood was detected by a released LDH assay. The activity level of NK cells in peripheral blood from patients who were finally diagnosed as HPS was compared with healthy subjects. The results showed that 8 out of 16 suspected HPS patients were finally diagnosed as secondary HPS. The activity of NK cells in peripheral blood of these 8 patients was obviously lower than that in healthy subjects with statistical significance (p<0.001), and showed abnormal in the early stage of this disease. It is concluded that the detection of NK cell activity may play an important role in earlier diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic syndrome.