ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the demographic characteristics and pregnant outcomes of the reproductive women with HIV infection. Methods A retrospective study was conducted based on surveillance of provincial HIV positive pregnant women during 2010-2014. All HIV infected women were enrolled. We compared their characteristics and pregnant outcomes in different groups according to their delivery history. Results The overall HIV prevalence among pregnant women was 0.03% (843/3310646) in this study. Among them, the proportion of HIV reproductive women was 50.33%. 59 out of 91 (64.84%) areas were reported with reproductive HIV women. The number of areas for reproductive HIV women per 10000 pregnant women was 1.98-8.45 for 31 areas. The obvious differences were observed in the distribution of age, minority, education, marriage, birth place, gravidity, sex partner infection status, time of diagnose between the two groups. No significant differences were found in proportion of stillbirths, low birth weight or preterm birth between the two groups. Totally, 5 infants were identified with HIV infections, who were all delivered by reproductive women. Conclusion HIV reproductive women were with advanced age, low education and non-local residents and so on, and 5 infants were identified with HIV infections in this study.
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Objective To understand the status of breastfeeding and to explore the influencing factors among infants within six months of age in Yongkang City.Methods A total of 667 infants aged 0 -6 months from 9 towns in Yongkang City was selected by random cluster sampling method and their mothers were interviewed by self -designed questionnaire .Results By 7 days,1 month,3 months and 4 -6 months,the rate of pure breastfeeding was 69.72%,77.66%,58.32% and 27.97% respectively;the rate of almost pure breastfeeding was 1.95%,0.45%,0.60% and 1.69% respectively;the rate of partial breastfeeding was 13.34%,14.39%,30.13% and 47.46% respectively;the rate of artificial feeding was 14.99%,7.50%,10.95% and 22.88% respectively.There were statistical differences on the rates of breastfeeding among four groups(P <0.05).Non -conditional logistic regression analysis showed that mother's age below 30 (OR =0.464,95%CI =0.315 -0.682),low education level (OR =0.507,95%CI =0.305 -0.842)and part -time working (OR =0.517,95%CI =0.352 -0.758)were protective factors of breastfeeding.Family income above 6 000 yuan was the risk factor of breastfeeding (OR =1.923,95%CI =1.306 -2.833).Conclusion The rate of breastfeeding for infants within six month of age was high,but the rate of breastfeeding by 4 -6 months dropped sharply.The mothers aged below 30 with the family income above 6 000 yuan,with full -time job and higher education level have low breastfeeding rate relatively.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The management of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance/low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASCUS/LSIL) is still controversial and it is advisable to make a triage for these two cytological abnormalities. P16(INK4) (P16) has been shown to be a potential biomarker for predicting high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. The aim of the study was to determine the value of P16 expression by immunostaining method compared with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) DNA test in the triage of ASCUS/LSIL women.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 86 eligible residual liquid-based cytological specimens with ASCUS and 45 with LSIL were obtained. All specimens were submitted to HR-HPV DNA test (HC2) and P16 immunocytochemical staining simultaneously. And all women underwent colposcopy and biopsy after cytology.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of P16 staining was 32.6% in ASCUS and 42.2% in LSIL, which was significantly lower than that of HR-HPV test in both ASCUS (P < 0.05) and LSIL (P < 0.05). Moreover, the positive rate of P16 staining was 12.7% in normal histology, 61.5% in CIN 1, 87.0% in CIN 2-3, and 100.0% in cancer, in which P16 positive rate was significantly lower than HR-HPV positive rate in normal group. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of P16 staining for predicting CIN 2 or more were 87.5%, 68.6%, 38.9%, 96.0%, and 72.1%, respectively in the ASCUS; while 90.0%, 71.4%, 47.4%, 96.2% and 54.7%, respectively in the LSIL, in which the specificity and accuracy of P16 staining were significantly higher than those of HR-HPV test in both ASCUS and LSIL (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>P16 immunostaining had significantly higher specificity and accuracy than HR-HPV DNA test for predicting for high-grade CIN and cervical cancer in ASCUS and LSIL and can be used for the triage of women with ASCUS/LSIL cytological abnormality.</p>