ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the values of immunohistochemistry staining and cytological diagnosis by using cell block sections prepared with the effusion fluid cytology specimens.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Ninety-nine effusion cytology specimens with the diagnoses of reactive mesothelial hyperplasia, atypical cells and metastatic carcinoma were enrolled into the study. The cytospin preparations/smears, cell block sections and immunohistochemical study were performed and correlated with the clinical findings and follow-up data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Amongst the 99 cases studied, the percentage with positive diagnosis using cytospin preparations/smears was 68.7% (68/99). The percentages with negative and equivocal diagnoses were 16.2% (16/99) and 15.1% (15/99), respectively. As for cell block sections, the percentages were 71.7% (71/99), 16.2% (16/99) and 12.1% (12/99), respectively. On the other hands, the percentages became 76.8% (76/99), 20.2% (20/99) and 3.0% (3/99), respectively, when coupled with immunohistochemical findings. The overall percentages of positive, negative and equivocal diagnoses were 77.8% (77/99), 17.2% (17/99) and 5.0% (5/99), respectively, upon clinicopathologic correlation. The difference between cytospin preparations/smears and cell block sections was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When coupled with immunohistochemical findings or clinicopathologic correlation, the difference in rates of equivocal diagnosis however carried statistical significance (P < 0.05). The false-negative rate of immunohistochemical study applied on cell block sections was 1.0% (1/99).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Immunohistochemistry, when applied on cell block sections, is useful in delineation of the primary origins of the tumor cells in effusion fluid cytology specimens. Combination of morphologic examination, immunohistochemical findings and clinicopathologic correlation can further improve the rate of positive diagnosis.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Ascites , Metabolism , Pathology , Ascitic Fluid , Metabolism , Pathology , CA-125 Antigen , Metabolism , Carcinoembryonic Antigen , Metabolism , Cytodiagnosis , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Immunohistochemistry , Lung Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Membrane Proteins , Metabolism , Ovarian Neoplasms , Metabolism , Pathology , Pericardial Effusion , Metabolism , Pathology , Pleural Effusion , Metabolism , Pathology , Pleural Effusion, Malignant , Metabolism , PathologyABSTRACT
At the present time, training student to have innovative and applied ability has become the object of higher education in China. In this paper, it was proposed that teacher was obligated to create certain atmospheres in classroom to achieve this goal, including friendliness, harmoniousness, encouragement, happiness, discussion, exploration, etc. At the same time, student-centered study should be encouraged. Through these measures, the spirit of innovation will be inspired, the applied ability will be trained, the capability of self-study will be enhanced.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the acute effect of dialysate calcium concentration on calcium balance and blood pressure(BP) of maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients with normal serum tCa,and to provide scien- tific basis for individualized calcium concentration dialysate formula.Methods For 4 weeks,dialysate with different calcium concentrations as DCa 1.25,DCa 1.5 and DCa 1.75 was used in 15 stable MHD patients.Arterial blood pressure was measured before and after each dialysis session,and every 30 minutes during hemodialysis session.Serum total calcium and ionized calcium were assessed before and after each dialysis session with different calcium concen- trations dialysate.Results With the DCa 1.2.5,BP,serum tCa and iCa decreased as compared with pre-dialysis val- ues(P