ABSTRACT
In the current study, we sought to investigate whether T-type Ca channels (TCCs) in the brain are involved in generating post-anesthetic hyperexcitatory behaviors (PAHBs). We found that younger rat pups (postnatal days 9-11) had a higher incidence of PAHBs and higher PAHB scores than older pups (postnatal days 16-18) during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia. The power spectrum of the theta oscillations (4 Hz-8 Hz) in the prefrontal cortex was significantly enhanced in younger pups when PAHBs occurred, while there were no significant changes in older pups. Both the power of theta oscillations and the level of PAHBs were significantly reduced by the administration of TCC inhibitors. Moreover, the sensitivity of TCCs in the medial dorsal thalamic nucleus to sevoflurane was found to increase with age by investigating the kinetic properties of TCCs in vitro. TCCs were activated by potentiated GABAergic depolarization with a sub-anesthetic dose of sevoflurane (1%). These data suggest that (1) TCCs in the brain contribute to the generation of PAHBs and the concomitant electroencephalographic changes; (2) the stronger inhibitory effect of sevoflurane contributes to the lack of PAHBs in older rats; and (3) the contribution of TCCs to PAHBs is not mediated by a direct effect of sevoflurane on TCCs.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the genotypes and nucleotide polymorphisms of Echinococcus granulosus metacestode from humans and sheep in Tianjun region,Qinghai Province. Methods The specific primers were designed according to the cox1 and nad1 genes of E.granulosus mitochondrial genome sequences accessed by GenBank.The primers were used to detect the cyst samples from 16 sheep and 2 humans infected with E.granulosus in Tianjun region of Qinghai Province by PCR,then the PCR amplification products were sequenced,the genotypes and nucleotide polymorphisms of the cox1 and nad1 genes were analyzed.Results The 18 isolated samples all belonged to E.granulosus G1 genotype.Among all the isolates,9 haplotypes ex-isted in the cox1 gene with 16 nucleotide mutation sites,and there were 0 to 5 nucleotide differences with the highest variation rate of 0.31%,whereas 7 haplotypes occurred with 15 nucleotide mutation sites,and there were 1 to 8 nucleotide differences with the highest variation rate of 0.89% for the nad1 gene.Conclusions The epidemic genotype of E.granulosus is G1 in hu-mans and sheep in Tianjun region of Qinghai Province,and the nucleotide polymorphisms of the cox1 gene were more abundant than those of the nad1 gene,and the resolution of the nucleotide polymorphisms of cox1 gene is higher than that of the nad1 gene used in E.granulosus isolates.
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to determine the pathogen-causing diarrhoea in sheep Ovis aries in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China. A trophozoite was identified as species of ciliate alveolates infecting the sheep based on morphological characteristics examined by microscope. It was mostly spherical, colourless and transparent, with many vesicles. Macronucleus and contractile vacuoles could not be distinguished. Size of the trophozoite was 80–180×70–150 μm and its surface was covered with cilia. Molecular analysis based on sequences of 18S rRNA and ITS genes confirmed the ciliate species as Balantidium coli. According to the literature, there have been many epidemiological investigations of B. coli infection in pigs, monkeys and humans. To our knowledge, this was the first report of B. coli infections in sheep in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area of China, or eleswhere around the world. Importantly, the sheep case was rare but raised our concern that B. coli may spread across species and expand its host range.
Subject(s)
Humans , Balantidium , China , Cilia , Haplorhini , Host Specificity , Macronucleus , Sheep , Sheep, Domestic , Swine , Trophozoites , VacuolesABSTRACT
Six cystic metacestodes were found in the abdominal muscles of a wild rabbit, Lepus sinensis, in China. The coenurus contained one or more scolices armed with hooklets. Mitochondrial cox1 (1,623 bp) confirmed 98% homology with cox1 of Taenia serialis. This is the first report of T. serialis infection in an intermediate host in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Area, China.
Subject(s)
Abdominal Muscles , Arm , China , Hares , TaeniaABSTRACT
Objective To appraise the diagnosis value of pleural membrane biopsy on pleural effussion.Meth- ods 218 patients with pleural effusion who were had pleual menbrane biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.Among them 165 cases were done only once,42 cases were done twice,11 cases were done three times.They were done 271 times of biopsies.Results The pleural membrane biopsy always masculine gender rate was 72.0%,1 pleural mem- brane biopsy succeeds the masculine gender rate was 59.6%,after the masculine gender rate which 2 pleural mem- branes biopsies succeeds was 69.7%.The illness complication formation rate was 8.7%.Conclusion Pleural mem- brane biopsy is a simply,safe and higher diagnosing-rate method.The different spot pleural membrane biopsy may cnhance diagnosis rate.