ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the current situation of snack consumption among children and adolescents in China and its relationship with overweight and obesity, so as to provide a basis for formulating strategies of preventing and controlling overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in China.@*Methods@#A total of 1 882 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years old, choosed from 15 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities according to China Health and Nutrition Survey in 2018, were selected. Snack consumption was investigated by the 24 hour dietary retrospective method for three consecutive days. The pattern of snack consumption was explored by cluster analysis, and the relationship between snack consumption and overweight and obesity was analyzed by Logistic regression.@*Results@#The snack consumption rate was 60.6%, and the percentage of daily energy intake from snacks was 2.4%. Snack consumption characteristics could be divided into four modes. Mode 1 was characterized by daily intake of medium amount of fruit, Mode 2 was characterized by daily intake of small amount of fruit and baked goods, Mode 3 was characterized by daily intake of small amount of fruit, and Mode 4 was characterized by daily intake of medium amount of milk and small amount of fruit. After adjusting the relevant covariates such as energy intake, compared with those who did not eat snacks, the OR (95% CI ) values of the risk of overweight and obesity in different snack consumption patterns were 1.56(0.93- 2.58 ), 0.81( 0.51- 1.24), 1.24(0.94-1.63) and 1.00(0.60-1.63), respectively; the OR (95% CI ) values of percentage of daily energy intake from snacks from low to high quartiles were 1.17(0.81-1.68), 1.32(0.92-1.89), 1.12(0.77-1.61) and 1.00(0.69-1.45), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference( P >0.05).@*Conclusion@#The proportion of Chinese children and adolescents consuming snacks is relatively high, mainly including fruit and its products, milk and its products and baked goods. No association between snack consumption and overweight and obesity has been found.
ABSTRACT
HSP90 is a widely distributed molecular chaperone that participates in a variety of cellular processes and plays an important role in the meiosis of germ cells. However, its role in the gonadal development of hermaphroditic Whitmania pigra is not yet clear. To explore the effect of HSP90 on the germ cell development of Wh. Pigra, this study cloned the wpHSP90 gene, performed bioinformatics analysis, and measured its expression levels. The results showed that the cloned wpHSP90 was 2 592 bp in length, with an open reading frame(ORF) of 2 373 bp, encoding 790 amino acids. Prediction analysis revealed 85 phosphorylation modification sites on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues of the wpHSP90 protein. Structural domain prediction and multiple sequence alignment results showed that wpHSP90 contained two conserved domains of HSP90 and exhibited the highest homology with Helobdella robusta, with a sequence similarity of 80.72%. RT-qPCR results showed that the relative expression level of wpHSP90 in the gonads of 5-month-old Wh. pigra was positively correlated with temperature within the range of 12 ℃ to 28 ℃. The expression level in the female gonads was significantly higher than in the male gonads and correlated with the trend of germ cell development in the ovaries and testes. In conclusion, wpHSP90 may be involved in regulating the development of germ cells, particularly oocytes, in Wh. pigra. This study provides a reference for further research on the gonadal development mechanism in Wh. pigra.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Temperature , Ovary , Gonads , Testis , Leeches , Cloning, MolecularABSTRACT
Protein kinase C(PKC) is a type of protein kinase widely involved in cell proliferation and development, but the developmental mechanism in the gonads of androgynous animals is still unclear. In order to explore the role of protein kinase C in the development of Whitmania pigra germ cells, the Wh. pigra PKC(Wp-PKC) gene was cloned, bioinformatics analysis was conducted, and fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to analyze the expression of female and male gonads. The results showed that:(1)The cloned Wp-PKC had a full length of 2 580 bp, a relative molecular weight of 76 555.19, and contains an open reading frame encoding 670 amino acids, Wp-PKC was closely related to Danio rerio PKC-α and rat PKC-γ. The similarity of amino acid sequence was 55% and 58%.(2)The protein encoded by Wp-PKC had no signal peptide and was a hydrophilic protein. The secondary structure is mainly composed of random coils, α-helices, extended chains, folds and folds, with the largest proportion of random coils and α-helices. Wp-PKC protein does not contain a transmembrane domain. Multiple sequence alignment and domain prediction analysis show that Wp-PKC contains 4 conserved domains of classical protein kinase C.(3)Fluorescence quantitative results showed that the expression of Wp-PKC in Wh. pigra gonads was positively correlated with the development of germ cells, and the expression in male gonads was significantly higher than that in female gonads. In summary, Wp-PKC is a classic PKC, and Wp-PKC may promote the development of Wh. pigra, especially the development of male gonads, and provide references for further research on the developmental mechanisms of Wh. pigra.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Cloning, Molecular , Gonads , Leeches/genetics , Ovary , Protein Kinase C/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective@#To compare the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems Hamilton-Thorne Integrated Visual Optical System Ⅰ (IVOSⅠ) and IVOS Ⅱ after verifying the performance of the latter so as to ensure the accuracy of the results of analysis.@*METHODS@#Based on the criteria established in the 5th edition of the WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen (WHO 5th Ed), we compared the main semen parameters obtained from IVOSⅠ with those generated by IVOS Ⅱ, and examined the consistency between the results of the two sperm analyzers.@*RESULTS@#The linear relationship of the outlier test, bias estimation and scatter plot and the results of the outlier test of the two systems all met the requirements of comparison analysis and showed an obvious correlativity. The application scope of the results obtained from the apparatus indicated a reasonable value range, with r = 0.988 for sperm concentration, r = 0.975 for sperm progressive motility (PR), and r = 0.981 for total sperm motility. Evaluation of the acceptability of the predicted bias showed that the allowable total error (TEa) to be 6.67% with sperm concentration at 12 × 106 /ml and 2.34% with PR < 31%, their upper limit of the allowable error < 1/2. The results of IVOS Ⅱ conformed to the requirements of the WHO 5th Ed.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The main parameters derived from IVOSⅠ and IVOS Ⅱ are comparable and consistent, indicating that both can be used for the examination of semen samples.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of resveratrol bovine serum albumin nanoparticles on SKOV3 cell line and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The morphological changes of the cells exposed to the nanoparticles were observed by apoptotic body/cell nucleus DNA staining under inverted microscope and fluorescence microscope, and the pathway of cell death was determined by phosphatidylserine translocation. Western blotting was performed to detect the activation of cyto.c, caspase-3 and caspase-9.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DNA ladder was detected with gel electrophoresis and the cell death was partially inhibited by the pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK. Gel electrophoresis displayed both DNA ladder and smear in RES-BSANP exposed groups, while DNA ladder disappeared in Z-VAD-FMK group and only the smear was left. Cyto.c in the cytoplasm was released at 2 h, while the expression of caspase-9 protein reached the peak level at 4 h and caspase-3 expression was obvious enhanced at 8 h. At 4 h, caspase-9 expression in the cells exposed to 100 µmol/L RES-BSANP was decreased significantly as compared to the cells treated with 50 µmol/L RES-BSANP (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RES-BSANP can induce the necrosis and apoptosis of SKOV3 cells via either caspase-dependent or caspase-independent pathways.</p>