Advances in animal models of diet-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease / 解放军医学杂志

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become one of the most common chronic liver disease in the world. The environment and the susceptibility of the host genetic background determine the disease phenotype and affect its progress. Dietary factors play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The food carries energy and information, which directly or indirectly affects the metabolism and function of the human body. Currently animal models of diet-related NAFLD have been very mature, but it is not perfect. Therefore, based on the complexity of NAFLD, in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of disease, look for potential therapeutic targets, evaluate the treatment, it is necessary to develop effectively and safely preclinical models in vitro and in vivo. We should focus on finding pathogenic animal models that are more consistent with human dietary patterns, which is important for further understanding of NAFLD disease. Therefor, this article reviews the current research progress of animal models of diet-related NAFLD, and discuss the importance of establishing new diet-related NAFLD models.

Research progress of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in nonobese adults / 解放军医学杂志

Nonobese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a special clinical phenotype of NAFLD. The patients do not have the characteristics of obesity, so they are often overlooked by people. The reports of these patients in domestic and foreign literature are not completely consistent. This paper mainly discusses its etiology, risk factors, pathological characteristics, diagnosis and lifestyle intervention, so as to provide some help for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of adult patients with nonobese NAFLD.

Operative techniques and common complications of modified orthotopic intestinal transplantation in rats / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate operative techniques, treatment and precaution of common complications of orthotopic intestinal transplantation in the rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Orthotopic intestinal transplantation was performed in 120 rats by modified three cuffs method. The causes, treatment and precaution of common complications were analyzed retrospectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 7-day survival rate of recipients was 82.5% and the 30-day survival rate was 68.3%. The average volume of bleeding in the recipient operation was less than 1 ml. The result obtained from the above 99 recipients was satisfactory. The main reasons of final failure and death were as follows: anastomotic bleeding(5 rats), portal vein thrombus(2 rats), arterial thrombus(4 rats), air embolism(1 rat), infection of abdominal cavity(4 rats), aspiration pneumonitis (2 rats), anesthetic accident(2 rats) and kinking of graft intestine(1 rat).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The sophisticated surgical technique and the delicate surgical manipulation are the prerequisite of preventing operational complication. Improving operative techniques and being familiar with the common complications can reduce the occurrence of complications and increase operative successful rate.</p>

Effect of CD8(+)CD28(-) suppressor T cells induced by dendritic cell with major histocompatibility complex 1 expression RNA interference on immune tolerance in rat intestinal transplantation / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of CD8(+)CD28(-) suppressor T cells(Ts) induced by dendritic cell(DC) with major histocompatibility complex 1(MHC-1) expression RNA interference on immune tolerance in rat intestinal transplantation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expression level of CD8(+)CD28(-)Ts were successfully induced by DC with MHC-1 expression interfered by RNA interference technique under the stimulator of allograft antigen. Orthotopic intestinal transplantation was performed in 36 rats by modified three cuffs method. The recipients were randomly divided into three groups(12 rats in each group):group A was experimental group with CD8(+)CD28(-) Ts being administrated, mixed T cells were injected in group B, while in group C, NS were administrated. On the first day and the seventh day posttransplant, the 36 rats of the 3 groups were administrated through vena dorsalis penis respectively. Six rats were selected randomly from each group and the animals were sacrificed on the 14 th day postoperatively, serum levels of TGF-beta, IFN-gamma and the values of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity of the intestinal graft were assayed and the intestinal pathologic morphology, intestinal allograft survival were observed concerning the remainders.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 14 th day after operation, the expression levels of TGF-beta and IFN-gamma in group A were significantly up-regulated as compared with those in group B and group C(P<0.05). Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity in group A was(6.3+/-1.0) kU/g, much higher than the levels of group B(3.6+/-0.9)kU/g and group C(2.9+/-1.3) kU/g and the differences were significant(P<0.05). The data suggested preliminarily that pathological scores of intestinal graft in group A were lower than those in group B and group C. The survival time of the recipients in group A was 32.0 days, much longer than that in group B (17.5 days, P<0.05) and group C(21.0 days, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CD8(+)CD28(-) Ts induced by DC with MHC-1 expression RNA interference can alleviate acute rejection and lead to immune tolerance in rat intestinal transplantation.</p>

Rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the fluorescence quantitative PCR assay targeting 16S rDNA / 生物工程学报

The 16S rDNA specific primers were designed for rapid detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) by the fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR) assay, based upon multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis of the 16S rDNAs of over 20 bacteria. After extraction of PA genomic DNA, the target 16S rDNA fragment was amplified by PCR with specific primers, and used to construct recombinant pMDT-Pfr plasmid, the dilution gradients of which were subjected to the standard quantitation curve in FQ-PCR assay. Different concentrations of PA genomic DNA were detected by FQ-PCR in a 20microL of reaction system with SYBR Green I. At the same time, various genomic DNAs of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis were used as negative controls to confirm specificity of the FQ-PCR detection assay. Results demonstrated that the predicted amplified product of designed primers was of high homology only with PA 16S rDNA, and that sensitivity of the FQ-PCR assay was of 3.6pg/microL of bacterial DNA or (2.1 x 10(3) +/- 3.1 x 10(2)) copies/microL of 16S rDNA, accompanied with high specificity, and that the whole detection process including DNA extraction could be completed in about two hours. In contrast to traditional culture method, the FQ-PCR assay targeting 16S rDNA gene can be used to detect PA rapidly, which exhibits perfect application prospect in future.