ABSTRACT
Background The occurrence of experimental myopia may be related to glucagon,and within the range of certain concentration,glucagon may inhibit the development of myopia,but its exact action mechanism is not completely clear.Objective Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of glucagon on the proliferation of guinea pig scleral fibroblast cells(GSFCs) and the possible role of glucagon in myopic scleral remodeling.Methods The scleral tissue was obtaincd from the clean blooded guinea pig aged 15 days.GSFCs were cultured and identified with vimentin antibody,cytokeratin antibody and S-100 antibody.0,5,10,50,100,200 μg/L glucagon was added into the different cultured hole for 24 hours respectively,and the growth and proliferation (A490 value) of GSFCs was detected by MTT colorimetric assay.Then the A490 value of GSFCs was assayed in 1 day,2,3,5,7 days under the 50 μg/L glucagon action.Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2)levels(A450 value)in GSFCs were detected by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)72 hours after the cells cultured.Results Passaged GSFCs showed the dendric array at lower density and gyrate array at the higher density with the positive response for vimentin.A490 values of GSFCs were gradually increased with the rise of glucagon concentration(F=32.340,P=0.013).When the glucagon concentration was 10-200 μg/L,the A490Value of GSFCs was higher than that without glucagon group,showing signifitant differences between them(t =5.575,6.627,16.074,12.003,P＜0.05).Under the 50 μg/L glucagon action,A490 values were significantly accented with the time lapse (Ftime =10.610,P =0.024),and the A490 values also were significantly higher than the parallel control groups without glucagon(Fgroup =9.068,P=0.039).MMP-2 level was gradually declined with the enhance of glucagon within range of 5-200 μg/L(F=153.639,P=0.036),but no significant difference was found in TIMP-2 expression(F=24.770,P=3.250).Conclusions Glucagon can promote the proliferation of GSFCs in vitro,and the synthesis of MMP-2shows a concentration-and time-dependent manner.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of susceptibility loci in chromosomes 1q21-25 and 6p21-25 and schizophrenia subtypes in Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A genomic scan and parametric and non-parametric analyses were performed on 242 individuals from 36 schizophrenia pedigrees, including 19 paranoid schizophrenia and 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, from Henan province of China using 5 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 1q21-25 and 8 microsatellite markers in the chromosome region 6p21-25, which were the candidates of previous studies. All affected subjects were diagnosed and typed according to the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revised (DSM-IV-TR; American Psychiatric Association, 2000). All subjects signed informed consent.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In chromosome 1, parametric analysis under the dominant inheritance mode of all 36 pedigrees showed that the maximum multi-point heterogeneity Log of odds score method (HLOD) score was 1.33 (α = 0.38). The non-parametric analysis and the single point and multi-point nonparametric linkage (NPL) scores suggested linkage at D1S484, D1S2878, and D1S196. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 5 markers. In the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, the multi-point NPL score was 1.60 (P= 0.0367) at D1S484. The single point NPL score was 1.95(P= 0.0145) and the multi-point NPL score was 2.39 (P= 0.0041) at D1S2878. Additionally, the multi-point NPL score was 1.74 (P= 0.0255) at D1S196. These same three loci showed suggestive linkage during the integrative analysis of all 36 pedigrees. In chromosome 6, parametric linkage analysis under the dominant and recessive inheritance and the non-parametric linkage analysis of all 36 pedigrees and the 17 undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees, linkage was not observed for any of the 8 markers. In the 19 paranoid schizophrenias pedigrees, parametric analysis showed that under recessive inheritance mode the maximum single-point HLOD score was 1.26 (α = 0.40) and the multi-point HLOD was 1.12 (α = 0.38) at D6S289 in the chromosome 6p23. In nonparametric analysis, the single-point NPL score was 1.52 (P= 0.0402) and the multi-point NPL score was 1.92 (P= 0.0206) at D6S289.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Susceptibility genes correlated with undifferentiated schizophrenia pedigrees from D1S484, D1S2878, D1S196 loci, and those correlated with paranoid schizophrenia pedigrees from D6S289 locus are likely present in chromosome regions 1q23.3 and 1q24.2, and chromosome region 6p23, respectively.</p>