ABSTRACT
After nearly 70 years development,bariatric and metabolic surgery has become one of the most innovation and technical challenges sub-specialty in general surgery.Jejunoileal bypass, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass,vertical banded gastroplasty,biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch, adjustable gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy have ever dominated during the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery. In addition, new procedures such as minigastric bypass,are also being developed. Improvement in minimally invasive surgery, cognition of gastrointestinal and metabolic physiological mechanisms, and multidisciplinary treatment promote the development of bariatric and metabolic surgery.
ABSTRACT
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus experience a complete and comfirm diabetic remission after bariatric surgery. Although weight-loss, reduction of food intake and other factors may play important roles in diabetic resolution after bariatric surgery, the major mechanism is the change in gastrointestinal hormones. Further research is essential to better understand these mechanisms and bariatric surgery may ultimately become a major tool in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bariatric Surgery , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , General SurgeryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of vinculin (VCL) and the androgen receptor (AR) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) and analyze their relationship with the clinical stage and pathological grade of PCa and the level of PSA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We detected the expressions of VCL and AR in 18 cases of BPH and 38 cases of PCa by immunohistochemistry, analyzed the differences of VCL and AR expressions in BPH and PCa in different clinical stages and pathological grades of PCa, compared the primary levels of PSA, and studied their correlations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of VCL was significantly higher in PCa than in BPH tissues (P < 0.05), while that of AR showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both the expressions of VCL and AR were closely related with the clinical stage and pathological grade of PCa (P < 0.05), but not with the PSA level (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expressions of VCL and AR in PCa tissues (r = 0.489, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VCL is expressed differently in BPH and PCa, which may serve as an indicator for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate diseases. The expressions of AR and VCL are gradually reduced with the progression of PCa, with a positive correlation between them, and could be used jointly to evaluate the progression and prognosis of PCa.</p>