A case of neonatal Netherton syndrome / 中国当代儿科杂志

A male infant, aged 6 days, was admitted to the hospital due to respiratory distress and systemic desquamative rash after birth. The infant presented with erythema and desquamative rash, respiratory failure, recurrent infections, chronic diarrhea, hypernatremic dehydration, and growth retardation. Comprehensive treatment, including anti-infection therapy, intravenous immunoglobulin administration, and skin care, resulted in improvement of the rash, but recurrent infections persisted. Second-generation sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation in the SPINK5 gene, consistent with the pathogenic variation of Netherton syndrome. The family opted for palliative care, and the infant died at the age of 2 months after discharge. This report documents a case of Netherton syndrome caused by the SPINK5 gene mutation in the neonatal period, and highlights multidisciplinary diagnosis and therapy for this condition.

Analysis of the relationship between embryo quality at different developmental stages and secondary sex ratio of single live births / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of embryo quality at different developmental stages on the secondary sex ratio (SSR) of single live birth neonates. Methods: Data for patients with singleton live births after embryo transferred between January 2016 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The effect of embryo quality at different development stages on the SSR of 11 713 singleton live births were investigated. The association of SSR and embryo quality at different development stages was examined in univariate analysis and in a multivariate logistic regression model, after adjustment for confounders, using two models (Ⅰ and Ⅱ). Results: The age of both male and female, body mass index of both male and female, basal follicle stimulating hormone and estradiol, smoking of male, methods of insemination, methods of sperm extraction, types of transfer cycle and the number of embryo transferred were not related with SSR (all P>0.05). After adjustment for confounders, the probability of a male live birth was higher after transfer of good-quality blastula than after transfer of poorer-quality blastula (model Ⅰ: aOR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.82, P<0.001; model Ⅱ: aOR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.65-0.82, P<0.001). The quality of cleavage stage embryo was not associated with SSR (model Ⅰ: aOR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.13, P=0.937; model Ⅱ: aOR=0.99, 95%CI: 0.87-1.13, P=0.899). Conclusions: The SSR of singleton live births after embryo transfer is not correlated with the quality of cleavage stage embryo, but is correlated with the quality of blastula. Good-quality blastula transfer is more likely to result in a male live birth.

Progress on the relationship between high-sugar diet and myopia development / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Myopia has become a major public health problem affecting the eye health of our nationals, especially adolescents, and is listed as one of the three major diseases in the world. The etiology of myopia is complex and it is currently considered to be mainly related to environmental factors and genetic factors. Dietary factors are less concerned, but it has been reported that there is a correlation between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia. Studies have found that high-sugar diet can cause hyperinsulinemia, which mediates the increase of retinal insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1, IGF-2)expression level, and the decrease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3(IGFBP-3)expression level in scleral fibroblasts, thereby activating signal transduction and transcriptional activator protein 3(STAT3)signaling pathway, and then acting on scleral matrix metalloproteinases(MMP)/transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and other factors, resulting in a decrease in scleral extracellular matrix(ECM), eventually leading to scleral remodeling, eye axis growth and myopia. This article explores the relationship between high-sugar diet and the occurrence and development of myopia from the aspects of epidemiology and biological mechanisms by consulting relevant literature, and provides research directions for the prevention and control of myopia.

Clinical Features and Prognosis of Patients with Castleman's Disease / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the clinical features and prognosis of patients with Castleman's disease (CD) and improve the diagnosis and treatment of CD.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of patients diagnosed with CD by pathological biopsy in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2009 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. According to clinical classification, the patients were divided into two groups: UCD (unicentric CD) group (n=20) and MCD (multicentric CD) group (n=9). The clinical manifestations, laboratory examination, treatment regimens, pathological examination and follow-up data were statistically analyzed.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in average age and gender ratio between UCD group and MCD group. In UCD patients, 80.0% were hyaline vascular type, and 20.0% were plasma cell type. In MCD patients, 33.3% were hyaline vascular type, 55.6% were plasma cell type, and 11.1% were mixed type. There was significant difference in pathological classification between the two groups (P=0.039). The UCD patients usually presented asymptomatic single lymph node enlargement with mild clinical symptoms, while the MCD patients were characterized by multiple superficial and deep lymph node enlargement throughout the body. The incidences of asthenia, splenomegaly, serous effusion in MCD group were higher than those in UCD group (P<0.05). Meanwhile, the incidences of anemia, hypoproteinemia, increased ESR, elevated serum globulin and elevated β2-microglobulin were significantly higher than those in UCD group too (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidences of abnormal WBC, PLT and elevated LDH between the two groups (P>0.05). Among 20 patients with UCD, 13 cases reached complete remission (CR), 1 case achieved partial remission (PR). Among 9 patients with MCD, 3 cases received CR and 4 cases received PR.@*CONCLUSION@#Patients with CD requires pathological examination for diagnosis. Patients with UCD show mild clinical symptoms, good surgical treatment effect and good prognosis. Patients with MCD have diversified clinical manifestations and relatively poor prognosis, and these patients require comprehensive treatment.

Therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma in treatment of gastric ulcer based on network pharmacology and animal experiment / 中国中药杂志

The present study aimed to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma in the treatment of gastric ulcer by network pharmacology and animal experiments. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was employed to chara-cterize the chemical components of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma, and the common targets of Bletillae Rhizoma and gastric ulcer were screened out by network pharmacology. The "drug-component-target-disease" network was constructed. Protein-protein interaction(PPI) network was established by STRING. Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed based on Matescape database to predict the therapeutic effect and mechanism of Bletillae Rhizoma. Finally, the gastric ulcer model was induced in mice by alcohol to verify the therapeutic effect and mechanism of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma on gastric ulcer. Forty-seven chemical components were identified from non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma, among which gymnoside Ⅰ, gymnoside Ⅱ, militarine, bletilloside A, and shancigusin I might be the main active components of non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma against gastric ulcer. PPI network analysis revealed core targets such as albumin(ALB), serine/threonine kinase 1(AKT1), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), and epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma mainly exerted the therapeutic effect by regulating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT) signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway, and Ras signaling pathway. The results of animal experiments showed that non-polysaccharide fraction of Bletillae Rhizoma could significantly improve alcohol-induced ulceration in mice to increase ulcer inhibition rate, decrease the levels of TNF-α, interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-6, vasoactive intestinal peptide(VIP), and thromboxane B2(TXB2), elevated the le-vels of IL-10, prostaglandin E2(PGE2), epidermal growth factor(EGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), down-re-gulate the protein levels of PI3K and AKT, and up-regulate the protein levels of p-PI3K and p-AKT. This study indicates that Bletillae Rhizoma may play a role in the treatment of gastric ulcer through multiple components, targets, and pathways and verifies partial prediction results of network pharmacology. The findings of this study provide a scientific and experimental basis for clinical application.

Evaluation of in vitro antifungal activity of berberine against Talaromyces marneffei in yeast phase / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the in vitro antifungal activity of berberine against Talaromyces marneffei (TM) in yeast phase. Methods:There were 21 TM strains, including l standard strain (ATCC22019), 10 clinical isolates and 10 isolates from wild bamboo rats. TM strain suspensions at a concentration of (1 - 5) × 10 3 colony-forming units/ml were incubated in microdilution plates containing difierent concentrations of berberine, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B or caspofungin at 37 ℃ for 48 hours. Meanwhile, the wells containing only culture media and TM strains but without antifungal drugs served as the positive control group, and those containing only culture media served as the negative control group. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal drugs against TM yeasts were determined according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) broth microdilution susceptibility method (M27-A3 document) . Results:The MICs of the above antifungal drugs were all within the reference ranges for the quality control strain (ATCC22019), and TM strains grew well in the positive control wells. The MIC ranges of berberine, itraconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B and caspofungin against TM strains were 32 - 64 mg/L, 0.06 - 0.125 mg/L, 0.06 - 0.125 mg/L, 1 - 2 mg/L and 16 - 32 mg/L respectively; the MIC range of fluconazole was 2 - 4 mg/L for non-resistant strains, and 128 mg/L for fluconazole-resistant clinical strains.Conclusion:Berberine exhibits antifungal activity against TM in yeast phase.

Clinical efficacy of focused ultrasound ablation surgery in the treatment of internal adenomyosis / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the clinical efficacy and the ablated area of endometrium in patients with internal adenomyosis treated with focused ultrasound ablation surgery (FUAS).Methods:From January 2015 to December 2018, 122 patients in Chongqing Haifu Hospital who were diagnosed as internal adenomyosis through history, clinical symptoms and enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and treated with FUAS were enrolled in this study. According to the patient′s wishes, patients were given whether to ablate the adenomyotic lesion alone or ablate the adenomyotic lesion and the endometrium that involved in adenomyotic lesions together. The ablated area of adenomyotic lesions and endomitrium were evaluated by post-FUAS enhanced MRI. The adverse events and the changes of dysmenorrhea and menstrual volume at different follow-up points within 24 months were recorded.Results:Among the 122 patients, 32 patients chose to ablate adenomyotic lesion alone, and 90 patients chose to ablate the adenomyotic lesion and the endometrium during FUAS. No major complications such as bowel injury and nerve injury occurred after FUAS. The median non-perfused volume ratio of adenomyotic lesions was 31.7% in the group without endometrial ablation and it was 60.0% in the group with endometrium ablation ( P<0.01). The improvement of dysmenorrhea in the group with endometrium ablation was significantly better than the group without endometrial ablation ( P<0.01). The average menstrual volume score (3.4±0.9) before FUAS in the group with endometrial ablation was higher than that in the group without endometrial ablation (2.5±0.6; P<0.01), but it decreased significantly after FUAS treatment, reaching the similar menstrual volume score of the group without endometrial ablation ( P>0.05). The proportions of abnormal vaginal discharge (34.4%, 31/90) and bleeding (16.7%, 15/90) were significantly higher in the group with endometrium ablation than those in the group without endometrial ablation (all P<0.01). Conclusions:FUAS could be safely and effectively used in the treatment of patients with internal adenomyosis. It seems that ablation of adenomyotic lesion and endometrium together could obtain better therapeutic effects.

Anti-tumor Effect and Mechanisms of Triterpenoids and Polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

With the population aging， the morbidity and mortality of cancer patients continue to rise. At present， the treatment methods for tumors include surgery， chemotherapy， radiotherapy， targeted therapy， and immunotherapy. However， most chemotherapeutic drugs can cause severe side effects and drug resistance. Therefore， as an alternative therapy， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） treatment can effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of tumor patients， improve the quality of life， inhibit or stabilize the development of tumors， and prolong the survival period of patients. Due to the good safety of Chinese medicine， its potential anti-cancer activity has attracted increasing attention. Ganoderma lucidum， a treasure of Chinese medicinal material， is a medicinal fungus with a history of more than 2 000 years in China. So far， many studies have proposed the anti-cancer properties of G. lucidum. G. lucidum has extensive pharmacological activities， such as anti-tumor， anti-atherosclerosis， and anti-aging. It can also regulate immunity， protect the liver and the heart， and reduce blood glucose and lipid. The chemical composition of G. lucidum is complex. At present， it is proved to contain polysaccharides， triterpenoids， alkaloids， nucleosides， amino acids， and various trace elements. The anti-tumor mechanisms of polysaccharides and triterpenoids in G. lucidum are mainly achieved by apoptosis induction， immune regulation， anti-angiogenesis， and induction of cell cycle arrest. Currently， it has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of complex tumors such as lung cancer， liver cancer， cervical cancer， prostate cancer， breast cancer， and colon cancer. The present study reviewed the bioactivities and mechanisms of triterpenoids and polysaccharides in G. lucidum in recent years and highlighted the anti-tumor effects and mechanisms to provide references for the further development and utilization of G. lucidum.

Analysis of Chemical Constitutions of Polygonatum cyrtonema Dried Rhizomes Before and After Processing with Wine Based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To quickly analyze and identify the components in raw and wine-processed products of <italic>Polygonatum cyrtonema</italic> （PC） dried rhizomes by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry （UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）， and then find out the differential components before and after processing. Method:The ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column （2.1 mm×100 mm， 1.8 μm） was used with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution-acetonitrile as the mobile phase for gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL·min^-1. Electrospray ionization was selected for collection and detection in positive and negative ion modes， and the data were analyzed by PeakView 1.2.0.3. According to the retention time， accurate relative molecular weight and fragmentation ion information provided by MS， and combined with the reference substance and literature， the components were identified. After normalized treatment， the MS data of each sample were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis （OPLS-DA）， and then the differential components before and after processing were screened according to the principle that variable importance in the projection （VIP） value was >1. Result:A total of 38 components were identified from raw and wine-processed products of PC dried rhizomes， including 15 steroidal saponins， 6 alkaloids， 3 flavonoids， 2 amino acids， 2 organic acids and 10 others. The results of PCA and OPLS-DA showed that there were significant differences in the contents of components in PC dried rhizomes before and after processing， and 16 differential components such as kingianoside Z， disporopsin and linoleic acid were screened. Conclusion:UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technique can accurately and comprehensively identify the components in PC dried rhizomes， these components are mainly steroidal saponins， flavonoids and alkaloids. It takes a great difference in the contents of components before and after processing， and transformation of the same category components is the main reason for the differences of raw and wine-processed products， which will provide reference for the researches on material basis and processing chemistry of PC dried rhizomes.

Processing evolution,chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum / 中国中药杂志

Bufonis Venenum,the dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans or B. melanostictus,is toxic and hard with the efficacy of removing toxicity for detumescence and relieving pain. The processing of Bufonis Venenum dates back to the Song dynasty. In addition to the wine-processing,milk-processing and talcum powder-processing,there were some other kinds of processing methods in ancient times,such as baking,calcining,water-soaking and vinegar-processing. Modern studies have shown that the Bufonis Venenum has the main chemical components of bufadienolides,indole alkaloids sterols,and other compounds. It has the pharmacological effects of antitumor,cardiac,antibacterial,and analgesic activities,local anesthesia,and so on. This paper reviews the processing evolution,chemical components and pharmacological effects of Bufonis Venenum,providing references for its special processing and modern research as well as the theoretical basis for the research on its processing mechanism and quality control.

Human Rhinovirus Infection Enhances the Th2 Environment in Allergic and Non-allergic Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Objectives@#. This study was conducted to determine whether patients with allergic rhinitis might be more susceptible to human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and whether the effects of infection on the elicited immune responses are different in allergic and non-allergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). @*Methods@#. Uncinate process tissues were obtained from 61 CRS patients (of whom 39 had allergies and 22 did not) and were infected with HRV-16 using an air-liquid interface organ culture system. The expression levels of programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were evaluated in the infected nasal mucosa. @*Results@#. The HRV infection rates were not significantly different between the allergy (74.4%) and non-allergy (72.7%) groups. In the allergy group, the expression of PD-L1 (P=0.013) and IL-10 (P=0.040) was significantly elevated in the HRV-infected tissues, and there was a strong correlation between PD-L1 and IL-10 (r=0.868, P<0.001). In contrast, infected tissues from the non-allergy group displayed increased levels of IL-4 (P=0.039), IL-5 (P=0.023), and IFN-γ (P=0.031), as well as an increased IL-4/IFN-γ ratio, after HRV infection (P=0.043). @*Conclusion@#. This study showed that HRV infection rates were similar in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS regardless of the presence of allergic rhinitis. HRV infection enhanced the Th2 environment by modulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels in allergic mucosa and by increasing the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in non-allergic mucosa.

Human Rhinovirus Infection Enhances the Th2 Environment in Allergic and Non-allergic Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Objectives@#. This study was conducted to determine whether patients with allergic rhinitis might be more susceptible to human rhinovirus (HRV) infection and whether the effects of infection on the elicited immune responses are different in allergic and non-allergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). @*Methods@#. Uncinate process tissues were obtained from 61 CRS patients (of whom 39 had allergies and 22 did not) and were infected with HRV-16 using an air-liquid interface organ culture system. The expression levels of programmed cell death-ligand (PD-L)1, PD-L2, intracellular adhesion molecule 1, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-10 were evaluated in the infected nasal mucosa. @*Results@#. The HRV infection rates were not significantly different between the allergy (74.4%) and non-allergy (72.7%) groups. In the allergy group, the expression of PD-L1 (P=0.013) and IL-10 (P=0.040) was significantly elevated in the HRV-infected tissues, and there was a strong correlation between PD-L1 and IL-10 (r=0.868, P<0.001). In contrast, infected tissues from the non-allergy group displayed increased levels of IL-4 (P=0.039), IL-5 (P=0.023), and IFN-γ (P=0.031), as well as an increased IL-4/IFN-γ ratio, after HRV infection (P=0.043). @*Conclusion@#. This study showed that HRV infection rates were similar in the nasal mucosa of patients with CRS regardless of the presence of allergic rhinitis. HRV infection enhanced the Th2 environment by modulating PD-L1 and PD-L2 expression levels in allergic mucosa and by increasing the IL-4/IFN-γ ratio in non-allergic mucosa.

Genetic analysis of three cases of acephalic spermatozoa syndrome caused by SUN5 mutation and the outcome of assisted reproductive technology / 北京大学学报(医学版)

To explore the genetic causes of 3 male infertility patients with acephalospermia and the outcome of assisted reproductive technology. Clinical diagnosis, sperm morphology examination, sperm transmission electron microscopy examination were performed on 3 patients, and the whole exome sequencing technology was used for screening, Sanger sequencing verification, mutation pathogenicity analysis, and protein sequence homology comparison. Assisted reproductive technology was implemented to assist pregnancy treatment. The 3 patients were all sporadic infertile men, aged 25, 42 and 26 years, and there was no obvious abnormality in the general physical examination. Male external genitalia developed normally, bilateral testicles were normal in volume, and bilateral epididymis and spermatic vein were palpated without nodules, cysts, and tenderness. Repeated semen analysis showed that a large number of immature sperm could be seen, and they had the ability to move. The SUN5 gene of the 3 male infertile patients was a case of homozygous missense mutation c.7C>T (p.Arg3Trp), a case of compound heterozygous missense mutation c.1067G>A (p.Arg356His) and nonsense mutation c.216G>A (p.Trp72*) and a case of homozygous missense mutation c.1043A>T (p.Asn348Ile), of which c.7C>T (p.Arg3Trp) and c.1067G>A (p.Arg356His) were new variants that had not been reported. SIFT, Mutation Taster and PolyPhen-2 software function prediction results were all harmful, the nonsense mutation c.216G>A (p.Trp72*) led to the premature termination of peptide chain synthesis which might have a greater impact on protein function. The homology regions in the protein sequence homology alignment were all highly conserved.The 3 male patients and their spouses obtained 4 biological offspring through intracytoplasmic sperm injection, all of which were boys, and one of them was a twin.Three male infertile patients might be caused by SUN5 gene mutations. Such patients could obtain their biological offspring through assisted reproductive technology. It was still necessary to pay attention to the genetic risk of ASS, it was recommended that both men and women conduct genetic counseling and screening at the same time. In clinical diagnosis, whole exome sequencing technology could be used to perform auxiliary examinations to determine the treatment plan and assisted reproductive methods as soon as possible to reduce the burden on the family and society. The newly discovered mutation sites of SUN5 gene provided clues and directions for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism, and at the same time expanded the pathogenic mutation spectrum of ASS.

Research progress on pharmacological activities of triterpenes from Ganoderma lucidum / 中国药理学通报

Ganoderma lucidum is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with dual use of medicine and food in China. Its chemical components mainly include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, organic acids, alkaloids, amino acids and so forth. The triterpenoids mainly include ganoderma acid and ganoderma alcohol. This paper has summarized the pharmacological activities of Ganoderma lucidum triterpenes in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, liver and kidney protection, immune regulation, blood lipid and blood glucose lowering, and antimicrobial activities in recent years, in order to provide reference basis for the core efficacy e-valuation of high-quality Ganoderma lucidum. It also provides scientific evidence for the application of Ganoderma lucidum in health food and clinical medicine.

Diagnosis value of MRI in acute rotator interval injury / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical application of 1.5 T MRI in acute rotator interval injury.@*METHODS@#Totally 160 patients with acute rotator cuff tear by clinical diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed by MRI examination and arthroscopy from March 2016 to February 2019, including 122 males and 38 females, aged from 22 to 71 years old with an average of (42.35±3.48) years old. Based on the results of arthroscopy as the gold standard, the shape and signal changes of rotator cuff, rotator interval, peripheral bursa, bone and soft tissue were observed by MRI on axial, oblique coronal and oblique sagittal imagese.@*RESULTS@#The direct MRI signs of acute rotator interval injury displayed thickening, diminution, distortion, interruption of the coracohumeral ligament and superior glenohumeral ligament complex with highsignal intensity on fat-suppression by proton weighted sequence. The indirect MRI signs displayed rotator cuff, peripheral bone and soft tissue injury. The consistency of the results between the two methods was quite satisfactory (Kappa=0.85), and the concordance rate of the two methods has statistically significant (@*CONCLUSION@#MRI could clearly display acute rotator interval, and could accurately diagnose acute rotator interval injury, which provide more accurate imaging basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

DNA barcoding identification of original plants of a rare medicinal material Resina Draconis and related Dracaena species / 中国中药杂志

Resina Draconis, a rare and precious traditional medicine in China, is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation". According to the national drug standard, it's derived from the resin extracted from the wood of Dracaena cochinchinensis, a Liliaceae plant. In addition, a variety of Dracaena species all over the world can form red resins, and there is currently no molecular identification method that can efficiently identify the origin of Dracaena medicinal materials. In this study, seven species of Dracaena distributed in China were selected as the research objects. Four commonly used DNA barcodes(ITS2, matK, rbcL and psbA-trnH), and four highly variable regions(trnP-psaJ, psbK-psbI, trnT-trnL, clpP) in chloroplast genome were used to evaluate the identification efficiency of Dracaena species. The results showed that clpP sequence fragment could accurately identify seven species of Dracaena plants. However, due to the long sequence of clpP fragment, there were potential problems in the practical application process. We found that the combined fragment "psbK-psbI+ trnP-psaJ" can also be used for accurate molecular identification of the Resina Draconis origin plants and relative species of Dracaena, which were both relatively short sequences in the combined fragment, showing high success rates of amplification and sequencing. Therefore, the "psbK-psbI+ trnP-psaJ" combined fragment can be used as the DNA barcode fragments for molecular identification of Resina Dracon's origin plants and relative species of Dracaena. Research on the identification of Dracaena species, the results of this study can be used to accurately identify the original material of Resina Draconis, and providing effective means for identification, rational development and application of Resina Draconis base source.

Study on mechanism of combination of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus with homology of medicine and food in treating pneumonia / 中国中药杂志

To investigate the potential molecular mechanism of the combination of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus with the homology of medicine and food in the treatment of pneumonia by means of network pharmacology and in vitro verification experiment. Under the condition of bioavailability(OB)≥30% and drug-like(DL)≥0.18, the active components of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus were screened in TCMSP database; the prediction targets of active components were searched from TCMSP, DrugBank and other databases, and the potential targets of pneumonia were obtained through GeneCards and OMIM database. The common targets were obtained by the intersection of drug and disease targets. The PPI network of common targets was constructed by STRING 11.0, and the core targets were obtained by topological analysis. Then the core targets received GO and KEGG analysis with use of WebGestalt and Metascape. The "component-target-pathway" network was constructed with the help of Cytoscape 3.7.1 software, and the component-target molecular docking verification was carried out with Discovery Studio 2016 software. Finally, the core targets and pathways were preliminarily verified in vitro. In this study, 12 active components were screened, 225 drug prediction targets and 420 potential diseases targets were obtained based on data mining method, and 14 core targets were obtained by topological analysis, including TNF, MMP9, AKT1, IL4 and IL2. The enrichment results of GO and KEGG showed that "Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus" drug pair may regulate inflammation, cell growth and metabolism by acting on 20 key signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17, thereby exerting anti-pneumonia effects. The results of molecular docking showed that 12 active components had good binding ability with 14 core targets. In vitro experiment results showed that the core components of "Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus" drug pair could inhibit the expression of MMP9 and TNF-α by regulating TNF signal pathway. This study confirmed the scientificity and reliability of the prediction results of network pharmacology, and preliminarily revealed the potential molecular mechanism of the compatibility of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus in the treatment of pneumonia. It provides a novel insight on systematically exploring the mechanism of the compatible use of Platycodonis Radix and Lilii Bulbus, and has a certain reference value for the research, development and application of new drugs.

microRNA-1 gene delivery mediated by exosomes suppresses CAL-27 cell proliferation / 华西口腔医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#This study aims to construct endogenous exosomes abundantly loaded with miR-1 and investigate the role of exosome-mediated microRNA-1 (miR-1) delivery on CAL-27 cell proliferation.@*METHODS@#Exosomes secreted by miR-1-overexpressing HEK293 cells (miR1-EXO) were purified via ultracentrifugation and subjected to transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle analysis, Western blot analysis, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). CAL-27 cells were cocultured with exosomes secreted by HEK293 cells (CON-EXO) and miR1-EXO and equivalent phosphate buffer saline. The intracellular transport of exosomes was measured by using immunofluorescence, the expression of miR-1 and its target gene MET were investigated via qPCR, CAL-27 cell proliferation was measured through MTT assay, and cell cycle state was determined by applying flow cytometry.@*RESULTS@#Electron microscopy revealed that miR1-EXO and CON-EXO were spherical or cup-shaped with an average diameter of approximately 110 nm. The well-known exosome markers CD9, Tsg101, and Alix were enriched. The expression of miR-1 in miR1-EXO was higher than that in CON-EXO (285.80±14.33 vs 1.00±0.06, @*CONCLUSIONS@#Exosomes secreted from miR1-EXO cells could load abundant miR-1. Exosomal miR-1 delivered into CAL-27 cells by using miR1-EXO suppressed the expression of MET mRNA and inhibited cell proliferation.

Simultaneous determination of four anthraquinones in Polygonum multiflorum by QAMS / 中国中药杂志

A simple, specific and selective quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method for simultaneous determination of anthraquinones and anthraquinone glycosides in Polygonum multiflorum was developed. Four main anthraquinones and its glycosides, emodin, emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside, physcion and physcion-8-O-β-D-glucoside were selected as analytes to evaluate the quality of P. multiflorum. Emodin was used as the internal standard, and the relative correction factors(RCFs) between emodin and the other three anthraquinones were calculated. Comparison of the contents of the four components in 30 batches of P. multiflorum from different regions and 12 batches decoction pieces from different manufacturers by QAMS and external standard method(ESM) showed that there was no significant difference between QAMS and ESM for quantification of the four main components by using relative error results, and the QAMS method was accurate and reliable, and had a good repeatability. In addition, compared with the results calculated by the difference method between total anthraquinone and free anthraquinone in the content determination of P. multiflorum in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, the results of direct determination combined anthraquinone by QAMS were very close to that by measured the external standard method. Therefore, simultaneous quantification of four main anthraquinones by using QAMS is suitable to evaluate the quality of P. multiflorum. Then the optimized assay method of the combined anthraquinone contents showed simple and feasible, which could be replaced and improved the quantification method of the combined anthraquinone in the current Chinese Pharmacopeia.

Network Meta-analysis of effect of traditional Chinese medicine injections in adjuvant treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia in children / 中国中药杂志

To assess the clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine injection for adjuvant treatment of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children by network Meta-analysis method. We retrieved CNKI, WanFang, CBM, Cochrane Library, PubMed from the establishment to September 2018. Two reviewers independently screened out literatures, extracted data and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. The data were analyzed by Stata 13.0 software. Totally 89 RCTs were included, involving 8 kinds of traditional Chinese medical injections and 8 936 patients. According to the results of network Meta-analysis, the order by the total effective rate from high to low was Huangqi Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Compound Danshen Injection>Reduning Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Xixinnao Injection; the order by cooling time from high to low was Reduning Injection> Yanhuning Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Huangqi Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Xiexinnao Injection>Compound Danshen Injection; the order by the cough disappeared time from high to low was Compound Danshen Injection>Qingkailing Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Huangqi Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Reduning Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Xixinnao Injection; the order by the rales disappearing time from high to low was Qingkailing Injection>Yanhuning Injection>Reduning Injection>Huangqi Injection>Tanreqing Injection>Xiyanping Injection>Xixinnao Injection. The results show that traditional Chinese medicine injection has a significant clinical efficacy in the adjuvant treatment of various symptoms of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children. Due to the small sample size, more studies are required to verify the strength of evidence.