Research progress of long bone dysplasia caused by glucocorticoid exposure during pregnancy / 中国药理学通报

The main form of fetal long bone development is endochondral ossification. In recent years, studies have shown that the mother during pregnancy with bad environmental exposure to high levels of endogenous glucocorticoid (GC) and premature use of artificial synthetic GC can go through the placenta into the fetal body, cause fetal blood GC levels, leading to intrauterine retardation, and affect fetal cartilage ossification. This effect can extend beyond birth and even into old age, leading to susceptibility and heritability of osteoporosis in offsprings. This review summarizes the current status of glucocorticoid exposure during pregnancy, summarizes the short-term and long-term effects of intrauterine GC exposure on long bone development in offsprings, and explains the possible mechanism of intrauterine endocrine programming, which lays a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of fetal bone diseases caused by GC exposure during pregnancy and the future research direction of developmental diseases.

Three-dimensional CT angiography study on the relations between the vertebral artery and atlantoaxial joint / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>The vertebral artery (VA) and atlantoaxial joint (AAJ), with complicated structures, are located in the depths of the head-neck boundary area, the regional anatomy of which cannot be shown globally and directly. This study aims to evaluate three-dimensional CT angiography (3DCTA) in displaying the AAJ, atlantoaxial segment of the vertebral artery (ASVA) and the identification of their interrelations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-eight subjects without pathology of the ASVA and AAJ were selected from head-neck CTA examination. All the 3D images were formed with volume rendering (VR) together with techniques of separating, fusing, opacifying and false-coloring (SFOF). On the 3D images, the ASVA and AAJ were observed, and their interrelations were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 3DCTA images were of high quality and up to our requirements. They could clearly and directly show the ASVA, ascending along the AAJ. There were 5 curves in the course of the ASVA, of which 2 curves were away from the atlantoaxial joint, one in the 2nd curve of 0.0 mm - 5.4 mm, the other in the 4th of 2.6 mm - 9.2 mm. There was no significant difference in the measurements between left and right (P > 0.05). The curved parts of the ASVA slightly expanded, with the biggest diameter of 5.6 mm in the 4th curve. Statistical comparison shows that the left ASVA is larger than the right (P < 0.05). Variations of the ASVA were found in 8 cases and of the AAJ in 12.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>3DCTA can globally and directly demonstrate the structures of the AAJ, ASVA and their interrelations. The 3D imaging data make up and enrich the research contents of regional anatomy and lay the foundation for related study and applications.</p>

The preventative effects of rehabilitation training on deep venous thrombosis after arthroplasty / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To evaluate the preventative effects of rehabilitation training(RT)on deep venous thrombosis(DVT)after arthroplasty.Methods Fifty-six patients with articulatio coxae or knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into a control group and an experiment group(E group).RT,including active movement of the foot and ankle,isometric contraction of the quadriceps fexoris and deep breathing training,was administered to the E group after arthroplasty.Negative cheirapsis was applied in the control group.Peak and average blood flow velocities (PABFVs)in the femoral vein,as well as DVT,were detected and measured using color ultrasound Doppler imaging before and 7 d after arthroplasty.Results PABFVs in the E group were higher than those in the control group (P