ABSTRACT
Objective: to evaluate the effects of green tea on serum total cholesterol and triglycerides of mice on high fat diet
Material and Methods: sixty adult mice, Balb-C strain were selected and divided into three groups. The control group was given standard laboratory diet throughout the study. In experimental group A, the study was carried o t in two phases. In the first phase, hepatic steatosis was induced by high fat diet containing 4 percent cholesterol powder and 40 percent butter fat for six weeks. In the second phase, experimental group was given normal diet with 1 percent green tea over a period of next six weeks. The experimental group B was given high fat diet containing 4 percent cholesterol powder and 40 percent butter fat with 1 percent green tea over a period of twelve weeks. Ten mice in each were sacrificed at six weeks and remaining ten was sacrificed at twelve weeks
Results: high fat diet for six weeks produced significant hepatic steatosis, evident on histological analysis. When experimental group A [induction phase] with high fat diet was compared with the [reversal phase] on normal diet and green tea, statistically significant difference [p<0.05] was noted in terms of biochemical parameters [serum total cholesterol and triglycerides]. Green tea affected all biochemical parameters in experimental group B, which though reduced never reached the control value and remained somewhat elevated
Conclusion: green tea protects against the development of hepatic steatosis and reduces hepatic injury in mice
ABSTRACT
Background: The tonsils are important structure for immunological functions and are composed of nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils. They bear a varying degree of antigenic insult
Objective: To compare the reticular epithelium and underlying high endothelial venules of human nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils
Material and Methods: This was a comparative cross sectional study, conducted in the Anatomy department of CPSP regional centre, Islamabad, Pakistan from January to December 2005. Thirty samples each of human nasopha ryngeal, right palatine and left palatine tonsils were collected by convenience sampling technique. Haematoxylin and eosin stained paraffin sections were examined for patches of reticular epithelium. Distance between the patches was measured and high endothelial venules in the subepithelial compartments were calculated
Results: The reticular epithelium had same structure in both tonsils. The distance between two patches was 181.18 +/- 17.83 micro min nasopharyngeal and 726.01 +/- 48.89 micro m in palatine tonsils. Comparison yielded significant statistical difference [P=0.000]. The mean counts of high endothelia l venules in lymphoid compartments beneath these patches of nasopharyngeal and palatine tonsils were 2.19 +/- 0.1 and 1.85 +/- 0.12 respectively with non significant statistical difference [P=0.075]
Conclusion: The results suggested that although the degree of reactivity of reticular epithelium in both types of tonsils might be similar, but the nasopharyngeal tonsil may react to antigenic stimulus more rapidly as compared to palatine tonsil by virtue of more frequent reticulation of epithelium on mucosal surface of former compared to later
ABSTRACT
To study the light microscopic structure of human placenta from different regions. To determine the role of the placenta in nutrition of the human fetus. A descriptive study The study was conducted at MH Rawalpindi from January to June 2002. Ten placentae of normal cases were used in this study. Placentae was cut along the maximum diameters into two halves after trimming the membranes. Three specimens were taken: one from the centre [A], one from the peripheral margins [C] and one from midway between the two [B]. m thick sections Specimens were further processed for paraffin sections. Five were made on rotary microtome. Haematoxylin and eosin [HandE], Periodic acid schift [PAS] and Masson's trichrome stains were used. The morphology of villi was observed, and syncytial knots and capillaries were counted. The placental tissue was arranged as a chorionic plate, a basal plate and between the two the villous stems, their branches in the intervillous space. Mean number of syncytial knots in A, B and C regions were 144 +/- 22.56, 93 +/- 26.70 and 93 +/- 21.52 respectively. The quantitative difference between regions A, B and C was statistically insignificant [P>0.05], Mean number of capillaries in A, B and C regions was 114 +/- 46.04, 89 +/- 27.23 and 92 +/- 36.80 respectively. The quantitative difference between regions A, B and C was statistically insignificant [P>0.05]. In terminal villi, the syncytial knots and capillaries were more in the central [A] region as compared to in the peripheral [C] region. The quantitative difference between syncytial knots and capillaries of central [A] and peripheral [C] region was statistically insignificant