ABSTRACT
Background: Pain prevalence during hospital admission is variable, with estimates ranging from 32 to 77%. Aim: To determine pain prevalence during admission to a clinical hospital. Material and Methods: Patients admitted to medical and surgical wards were interrogated about the presence of pain within 48 to 72 hours after admission. Subjective pain was analyzed using a scale ranging from 0 to 10. Data was analyzed separately for medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients. Results: A total of 736 patients aged 18 to 94 years (416 women) were recruited. Pain prevalence at 48 hours after admission was 56% (95% confidence intervals (CI (52.7 to 60.1). Pain prevalence in medical, surgical and obstetric patients was 37% (95% CI 31.4 to 42.1), 70% (95% CI 64.5 to 75.5) and 77% (95% CI 68.6 to 84), respectively. The median pain intensities in medical, surgical, and obstetrical patients were 7 (interquartile range (IQR) 6-8), 7 (IQR 5-8) y 7 (IQR 5-8), respectively. Conclusions: The prevalence of pain among patients admitted to the hospital is high, especially in obstetric and surgical units.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Pain/epidemiology , Patient Admission/statistics & numerical data , Argentina/epidemiology , Severity of Illness Index , Pain Measurement , Comorbidity , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Statistics, NonparametricABSTRACT
The natural lignans veraguensin and grandisin have been reported to be active against Trypanosoma cruzi bloodstream forms. Aiming at the total synthesis of these and related compounds, we prepared three 2-arylfurans and eight 2,5-diarylfurans. They were evaluated for their potential as T. cruzi trypanothione reductase (TR) inhibitors as well against the parasite's intracellular (amastigote) and bloodstream (trypomastigote) forms. Compound 12 was the most effective against TR with an IC50 of 48.5 æM while 7 and 14 were active against amastigotes, inhibiting the parasite development by 60 percent at 20 æg/ml (59 and 90 æM, respectively). On the other hand, none of the compounds was significantly active against the parasite bloodstream forms even at 250 æg/ml (0.6-1.5 mM).
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Furans/pharmacology , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases/antagonists & inhibitors , Trypanocidal Agents/pharmacology , Trypanosoma cruzi/drug effects , Furans/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Nesse trabalho, descrevemos a busca por marcadores moleculares que permitam simultaneamente o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas e a classificação das cepas segundo o fenótipo de susceptibilidade a drogas, zimodema e/ou grupos I e II do T. cruzi. [...], selecionamos seqüências repetitivas do DNA do T. cruzi e iniciadores descritos para o diagnóstico da doença de Chagas. Analisamos as seqüências do elemento repetitivo E13, kDNA e o DNA satélite (195 pb). Os resultados com o elemento repetitivo E13 e seqüências do kDNA, mostraram uma grandevariabilidade dessas seqüências, inviabilizando a busca de marcadores. Analisamos 160 seqüências do DNA satélite de 195 pb de 12 cepas do T. cruzi previamente caracterizadas segundo o fenótipo de susceptibilidade a drogas e zimodema. Estudos de filogenia mostraram a existência de dois grupos distintos, associados com os grupos I e II do T. cruzi. Observamos a presença de 8 polimorfismos exclusivos das cepas do grupo I do T. cruzi. [...] . Umsistema de PCR multiplex constituído pelos iniciadores TcSat 4 e Diaz 7 e 8 permitiram a classificação das cepas de T. cruzi nos grupos I e II. A sensibilidade foi de 10 fg, o que corresponde a 1/30 do DNA de um parasito. Amostras de DNA de outros tripanosomatídeos não produziram produto amplificado. Comparamos o perfil de amplificação do DNA satélite de 30 cepas de T. cruzi e 24 amostras de sangue de camundongos experimentalmente infectados com as cepas Colombiana (grupo I) e Y(grupo II) em papel de filtro. Em todas as amostras positivas foi possível a identificação dos grupos I e II. Para validarmos a técnica com amostras de campo, utilizamos 7 amostras de DNA do creme leucocitário de pacientes na fase aguda da doença deChagas e 15 amostras de fezes de Triatoma infestans em papel de filtro. As amostras de pacientes foram grupo II e as amostras de T. infestans grupo I. Esses resultadosestão de acordo com os dados descritos na literatura que mostram uma associação entre cepas do grupo I do T.