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Pulmonary hypertension is a progressive disease characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling and eventually develops into right heart failure, which seriously affects the quality of life and safety of patients. Traditional drug therapy can alleviate disease progression, but the prognosis is poor.Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to be effective in experimental pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure, which is an important research direction in the future.In this paper, the research progress of mesenchymal stem cells in pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure is reviewed.
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Objectives To establish a cost-effective and reproducible procedure for induction of chronic left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) in rabbits. Methods Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was induced in 35 rabbits via concomitant ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery and the circumflex (Cx) branch at the middle portion. Development of AMI was co n-firmed by ST segment elevation and akinesis of the occluded area. Echocardiography, pathological evaluation, and agar i n-tra-chamber casting were utilized to validate the formation of LVA four weeks after the surgery. Left ventricular end systolic pressure (LVESP) and diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were measured before, immediately after and four weeks after ligation. D i-mensions of the ventricular chamber, thickness of the interventricular septum (IVS) and the left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW) left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV) and systolic volume (LVESV), and ejection fraction (EF) were recorded by echo-cardiography. Results Thirty one (88.6%) rabbits survived myocardial infarction and 26 of them developed aneurysm (83.9%). The mean area of aneurysm was 33.4% ± 2.4% of the left ventricle. LVEF markedly decreased after LVA formation, whereas LVEDV, LVESV and the thickness of IVS as well as the dimension of ventricular chamber from apex to mitral valve annulus significantly increased. LVESP immediately dropped after ligation and recovered to a small extent after LVA formation. LVEDP progressively increased after ligation till LVA formation. Areas in the left ventricle (LV) that underwent fibrosis included the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall but not IVS. Agar intra-chamber cast showed that the bulging of LV wall was prominent in the area of aneurysm. Conclusions Ligation of LAD and Cx at the middle portion could induce develo pment of LVA at a mean area ratio of 33.4%±2.4%which involves the apex, anterior wall and lateral wall of the LV.
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BACKGROUND:celltherapy by the implantation of autologous bone marrow cells has been used for the treatment of ischemic heart diseases in clinical trials for decade. However, as the outcomes of celltransplantation obviously vary among patients, it is essential to identify the risk factors that may influence the level and function of progenitor cells in bone marrow, in order to identify the patients who would benefit the most from this treatment. OBJECTIVE:To observe the impact of perioperative cardiovascular risk factors on number and function of bone marrow progenitor cells from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. METHODS:We col ected clinical and laboratory data from 44 patients scheduled to undergo sternotomy for coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Bone marrow was aspirated from the sternum during the operation and bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated by density centrifugation with Ficol lymphoprep and then detected using trypan blue exclusion method. Levels of progenitor cells in bone marrow were evaluated using flow cytometry. Function of bone marrow progenitor cells were assessed by clonogenic and migration assays. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We assessed the number of bone marrow mononuclear cells out of 20 mL bone marrow in duplicate samples from patients with coronary heart disease scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting that was (10-89)×106 cells with over 95%activity. A negative correlation was observed between the number of bone marrow mononuclear cells and the age (n=44, r=-0.788, P=0.001). Levels of CD34+, CD133+, and CD34+CD133+cells in bone marrow mononuclear cells was (0.94±0.39)%, (0.46±0.28)%, and (0.53±0.26)%. Levels of CD34+cells and CD133+cells in patients with diabetes were significantly lower than those in patients without diabetes. Female, advanced age and poor heart function were related with reduced colony-forming ability of progenitor cells. A positive correlation was observed between level of CD34+cells and migration ability of bone marrow mononuclear cells. The results show that by density gradient centrifugation, we can harvest a sufficient number of bone marrow mononuclear cells in the treatment for ischemic heart disease. Age, gender, diabetes, heart function are correlated with bone marrow mononuclear cellnumber and functions.
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Objective To investigate the effect of propofol and midazolam on the serum vascular endothe lial growth factor (VEGF) concentration and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-induced bone marrow stem cell (BMSC) mobilization after acute myocardial infarction in rats.Methods Thirty-six male Wistar rats,weighing 250-280 g,were anesthetized with intraperitonel 1％ pentobarbital 45 mg/kg.Acute myocardial infarct was induced by ligation of left anterior descending branch of coronary artery.BMSC mobilization was induced by intraperitoneal injection of G-CSF for 5 days.On 7th day after BMSC mobilization,the rats were equally and randomly divided into three groups:G-CSF group (group G),midazolam group (group M) and propofol group (group P).In group G,normal saline was continuously infused via the femoral vein at a rate of 0.5 ml/h for 6 h.In group M,midazolam was infused via the femoral vein at 0.05 mg· kg - 1 · h- 1 for 6 h.In group P,propofol was infused via the femoral vein at 5 mg·kg1 -h-1 for 6 h.Blood samples were obtained from the femoral vein after administration to determine the number of CD34+ monocyte (CD34+ MNC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by flow cytometry and the serum concentration of VEGF by ELISA.Six rats from each group were chosen 4 weeks after myocardial infarction for measurement of the left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and ± dp/dtmax Results Compared with group G,the number of CD34 + MNC and EPCs,the serum concentration of VEGF,and the absolute value of - dp/dtmax were significantly increased,while LVEDP was significantly decreased in group ( P ＜0.05),and LVEDP was significantly decreased,and the absolute value of - dp/dtmax was significantly increased in group P ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group P,the number of CD34+ MNC and EPCs,the serum concentration of VEGF,and the absolute value of - dp/dtmax were significantly increased,while LVEDP was significantly decreased in group M (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Midazolam can promote the release of VEGF,strengthen G-CSF-induced BMSC mobilization and improve the cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction in rats.Propofol can not promote the release of VEGF and produce G-CSF-induced BMSC mobilization after acute myocardial infarction in rats.
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ObjectiveTo study the best extractive process for Vaccinium Fragile Franch. Methods Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to determine the extractive rate as the index of evaluation and to optimize the extraction technology. ResultsThe experiments showed that adding 9 times of 70％ methanol, refluxing for 2 times, each times 2 hours at the 65℃C was the best extractive process.ConclusionThe process was stable and reasonable, which formed the scientific and reasonable basis for developing the active parts from Vaccinium Fragile Franch.
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Objective To track the magnetically labeled bone marrow mononuclear stem cells (BM-MNCs) in canine myocardial infarction (MI) model with MR. Methods BM-MNCs were labeled with Feridex effectively in vitro and then injected intramyocardially in 8 MI model dogs. Serial MR was performed with 1.5T MR scanner to show the location of the labeled cells compared with histology. Results The injection sites of labeled BM-MNCs could be located on the 1st and 2nd week, but disappeared on the 4th week. Corresponding to these sites, Prussian blue staining consistently showed that large clusters of cells were labeled by dense intracellular iron at the scar tissue. Conclusion Feridex labeling BM-MNCs enables ready detection in the beating heart on a conventional MR scanner after transplantation into canine infarcted myocardium.
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Objective To observe the distribution of different ventricular myocardial band segment's in different echocardiogram sectiones. Methods 5 swine hearts, 5 ox hearts and 5 sheep hearts were dissect to the ventricular myocardial band structure by the standard anatomy method. After the demarcation line of each segment of ventricular myocardial band was defined, they were dyed with different colors and then were recovered into the state before dissecting. At last, they were cut open according to different echocardiogram sectiones. Results With relative stabile anatomy methods, all hearts presented to be a unique integrate myocardial band,with two loops, the basic loop and apical loop, and four segments. At different echocardiogram sectiones, the left ventricle is formed by three muscular strata, while the right ventricle is formed by only one muscular strata. Conclusion The distribution of different ventricular myocardial band segments in different echocanliogram sectiones is significantly different.
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0.05). The length percentage of the ascending segment and the weight of the descending segment were greater than other segment in all hearts. The myocardial band twists on itself extends from the origin of the pulmonary artery to the root of the aorta. This defines two turns in a helical fashion and delimitates two cavities, the right and left ventricles. Conclusion Our study shows that the concept of ventricular myocardial band is a truly basic architecture of the heart.
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Objective By dissected and decomposed the boiled rabbits' hearts to study the space courser of ventricular myocardial band of the normal heart architecture. Methods 10 rabbit hearts were boiled and dissected as described by Torrent-Guasp. All myocardial bands were decomposed and tagged, then recovered to the state when they hadn't been dissected, and then X-ray photos were taken. Results The myocardial band twists on itself extends from the origin of the pulmonary artery to the root of the aorta. This defines two turns in a helical fashion and delimitates two cavities, the right and left ventricles. The reciprocal fiber angle within descending and ascending segments of the apical loop was about 90?. The interventricular septum is formed by three muscular strata: right segment, descending segment and ascending segment. Conclusion Our study shows that the reciprocal fiber angle within descending and ascending segments of the apical loop is about 90? and the interventricular septum is formed by three muscular strata.
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Objective The paper objectively analyses the Batroxobin and LMWH therapeutic effects on acute cerebral infarction. Methods 150 cases suffering from acute cere bral infarction were selected,who were hospitalized from Jan.2002 to Mar.2004.The Batroxobin group was composed of 42 cases;the LMWH group consisted of 48 cases and control group 60 case.All of the 150 cases were given drugs during 6～72 hours in hospital.The patients' neurologic functional deficiency were measured before and after the treatment. Results The patients' curative rate in Batroxobin group was significantly higher than that in LMWH group( P
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0 05), only T 8 level decreased significantly in group Ⅲ (P
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Objective To compare the results of three kinds of heart preservative fluids,namely histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate(HTK)solution,Fuwai modified solution(FWM)and St.Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution number 2(St.Thomas-Ⅱ)for the preservation of isolated rat hearts under low temperature.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into HTK,FWM and ST-Ⅱ groups(18 each),and each group was divided into three subgroups(6 each)according to different duration of preservation under low temperature(4,6 and 8 hours).The hearts were harvested and then mounted on the Langendorff apparatus and perfused with K-H buffer solution for determination of the baseline hemodynamic values(HR,LVSP,?dp/dtmax and CF).The isolated hearts were then arrested and stored in different preservative solution as mentioned at 4℃ for 4,6 or 8 hours.The hemodynamic values were measured before cardiac arrest and after cardiac reperfusion in Langendoff model,and the recovery rates of the values were calculated.The hearts were finally sectioned after reperfusion for the observation of morphological changes with light microscope.Results With the same hypothermic preservation time,the recovery rates of hemodynamic values were significantly higher,and the changes in myocardial structures were obviously less in HTK and FWM groups than in ST-Ⅱ group(P0.05).Conclusions HTK and FWM solutions are more effective than St.Thomas-Ⅱsolution in preservation of isolated heart under low temperature with the same storage duration.The effect of HTK solution for preservation of isolated heart descended with the prolongation of preservation time,especially so after 8 hours.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of epidural anesthesia by target controlled introduction (TCI) of 0.375% ropivacaine (Ropi) combined with propofol on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of the patients in different age during thoracotomy. Methods Seventy five ASA Ⅱ-Ⅲ patients undergoing elective resection of esophageal carcinoma were divided into 3 groups according to their age (25 each): groupⅠ (aged 40～59), group Ⅱ (aged 60～74) and group Ⅲ (aged ≥75). An epidural catheter was inserted at the T6～T8 interspace in all patients before induction, and then 5ml of 1% lidocaine was given to all the patients. For each patient, 6 ml of 0.375% Ropi was given epidurally. Anesthesia was induced with propofol TCI 3?g/ml, fentanyl 3?g/kg and atracurium 0.6mg/kg. Tracheal incubation was performed when bispectrum index (BIS) value was less than 50. The patients were mechanically ventilated. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol TCI and epidural anesthesia of 0.375% Ropi at 6ml/h. Propofol was subsequently adjusted to maintain BIS at 50～55 during operation. The concentrations of propofol TCI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), HR, and the amount of ephedrine were continuously monitored during anesthesia. Results MAP in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was lower than that in groupⅠ (P0.05). The amount of ephedrine used in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ was higher than that in group Ⅰ (P