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OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving the equity of medicine in China ，and to provide reference for promoting the full coverage policy for essential medicine. METHODS ：Taking hypertension essential medicines full coverage policy in 4 areas of Taizhou in Zhejiang province as an example ，the electronic health records of patients in baseline year and the first ， second and third years after the implementation of the full coverage policy of hypertension were collected. The catastrophic expenditure of family drugs was used to measure the medicine cost burden ，and the effects of policy on the equity and change of local medicine cost burden were analyz ed by means of concentration index and its decomposition method. RESULTS ：With the increase of the proportion of patients taking free medicine ，the incidence of catastrophic expenditure on household medicines in the high，middle and low income group decreased year by year generally （decreasing from 6.3％，12.0％，16.4％ of baseline year to 4.7％，8.9％，12.4％ at the third year after the implementation of the policy ）；the gap among the three groups was in narrowed trendency. The concentration indexes of the baseline year and the first ，second，third year after the implementation of policy were －0.198，－0.186，－0.181，－0.202，the policy contribution rates of which were 0，－1.335％，－4.507％ and 1.936％；and the policy contribution rates in the change of the yearly concentration index were 20.8％，95.0％ and 57.6％. CONCLUSIONS ：The implementation of the full coverage policy for essential medicines is conducive to improving the equity of the medicine expenditure burden. The effect is affected by the implementation of policies and supporting systems ，but the comprehensive promotion of the equity of medicine requires multi-policy synergy.
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OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the economics of the full coverage policy for hypoglycemic essential medicines in Taizhou city， and to provide reference for improving medicine accessibility and essential medicine system in China. METHODS： The electronic health records and financial input data of diabetic patients were extracted from different districts and counties of Taizhou city during 2009-2016. In cohort study design， taking the implementation time of each district and county’s policies as the breakpoint， the data recorded annually were processed as annual data， forming the cohort data for 1 year before （baseline year） and 3 years after the implementation of the policies. According to the choice of free medicines after the implementation of the policy， they were divided into policy group and control group. Propensity score matching was used to balance the differences between two groups to get the final sample， and then the economics of the policy was evaluated with the methods of difference-in-differences. The cost and benefit of implementation policy were calculated. RESULTS： Totally 14 744 people of each group were got by propensity score matching. The mean annual financial expenses on free medicine per capita were 263.8 yuan. Compared with baseline year， mean annual medicine expenses per capita reduced by the policy were 649.2 yuan， and mean annual hospitalization expenses per capita were 624.7 yuan. Thus the input-output ratio of the policy was 1 ∶ 4.8. CONCLUSIONS： The implementation of the policy is beneficial to reduce the cost burden of patients and economical. It can be popularized and sustained through scientific design combined with relevant policies.
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A total of 21 papers about topical use of triamcinolone in the treatment of oral diseases were retrieved.1 7 of the 21 papers were about the treatment of oral lichen planus,3 were about recurrent aphthous ulcer and 1 was about Behcet's Syndrome.Topical use of triamcin-olone,either used alone or combined with other drugs,was effective in the treatment of oral lichen planus,recurrent aphthous ulcer and Beh-cet's Syndrome.No adverse drug reaction happened when triamcinolone was used in the patients after a short time application,while it hap-pened in the patients after prolonged-use.It may be also effective in the treatment of other allergy or immune dysfunction related oral mucosal diseases,of which more research should be carried out.
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OBJECTIVE: To provide reference for the development of pharmaceutical research in pharmacy department of stomatology hospital.METHODS: SWOT analysis was applied to analyze advantage,disadvantage,opportunities and threats of the development of pharmaceutical research in pharmacy department of our hospital.The development strategy of pharmaceutical research was investigated based on current research work.RESULTS: The advantages were fruitful oral disease resources and high informationization degree,etc.The disadvantages were weak hardware and non-professional scientific researchers,etc.The opportunities were that research was guaranteed by law and oral preparations were required in the clinic.The threats were that the situation of preparations development was serious.CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacy department should take internal advantage and external opportunities to develop pharmaceutical research in line with local conditions.
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OBJECTIVE:To study the current situation and developing trend of the drug utilization in outpatients with oral diseases. METHODS:By a retrospective method,the drug utilization data in outpatient pharmacy of our hospital from 2005 to 2007 were analyzed statistically. RESULTS:The drug varieties used remained stable. Chinese traditional patent drugs,anti-microbial drugs,anesthetics and special drugs(for patients from different departments) dominated the first 4 places in consumption sum,and they accounted for 92.4% of the 3 years. The consumption sum of top 15 drugs accounted for 79.7% of the total. Except for anti-microbial drugs,the other three categories were of high DDDs. The drugs for oral mucosal disease occupied a dominant position in terms of consumption sum,and most of which were Chinese traditional patent drugs. CONCLUSION:The drug utilization structure in outpatients with oral diseases accord with therapeutic rule of oral diseases. Pharmaceutical factiories should develop more Chinese patent medicines for oral mucosal disease.
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OBJECTIVE: To study the feasibility of conducting hospital pharmaceutical inspection by pharmacy pharmaceutical management group.METHODS: The experience of conducting hospital pharmaceutical inspection including monitoring the drug control in clinical departments,supervising the drug control in pharmacy department and monitoring rational use of drugs was introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Pharmaceutical inspection promoted drug management in pharmacy and clinical departments,improved the rational use of drugs,and strengthened the relationship between pharmacy and clinical departments,which deserves to be popularized.
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CHN (the standards of skeletal maturity of hand and wrist for Chinese) is becoming more and more important in rencent years. At present, CHN bone age is applied in forecasting body height, menophania date, infantile endocrine diseases, judicial identification, orthopedics and so on. The clinical application of CHN bone age is introducted. In addition, the existing problems and future trends of bone age are pointed out.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of chlortetracycline hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride in compound chlortetracycline hydrochloride ointment.METHODS:Dual wavelength spectrophotometry was used to determine the two components.The absorbance of the two components was determined at wavelength of 311 nm,368 nm and 387.5 nm,respectively;and the contents of which were computed as well.RESULTS:The linear ranges for chlortetracycline hydrochloride and tetracaine hydrochloride were 9.90～29.71 ?g?mL-1 and 5.99～17.98 ?g?mL-1(r=0.999 9),respectively,with average recovery rates at 99.37%(RSD=0.31%,n=9) and 98.31%(RSD=0.23%,n=9),respectively.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and suitable for the determination of compound chlortetracycline hydrochloride ointment.