Precision Medicine: Changing the way we think about healthcare

Health care has changed since the decline in mortality caused by infectious diseases as well as chronic and non-contagious diseases, with a direct impact on the cost of public health and individual health care. We must now transition from traditional reactive medicine based on symptoms, diagnosis and treatment to a system that targets the disease before it occurs and, if it cannot be avoided, treats the disease in a personalized manner. Precision Medicine is that new way of thinking about medicine. In this paper, we performed a thorough review of the literature to present an updated review on the subject, discussing the impact of the use of genetics and genomics in the care process as well as medical education, clinical research and ethical issues. The Precision Medicine model is expanded upon in this article to include its principles of prediction, prevention, personalization and participation. Finally, we discuss Precision Medicine in various specialty fields and how it has been implemented in developing countries and its effects on public health and medical education.

Manejo da resposta inflamatória pós-circulação extracorpórea: revisão dos estudos em modelos animais / Managing the inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass: review of the studies in animal models

Objetivo: Revisar estudos realizados em modelos animais avaliando intervenções terapêuticas e resposta inflamatória e alterações da microcirculação após instalação de circulação extracorpórea. Métodos: Utilizada a estratégia de busca ("Cardiopulmonary Bypass"(MeSH)) AND ("Microcirculation"(MeSH) OR "Inflammation"(MeSH) OR "Inflammation Mediators"(MeSH)). Resultados repetidos, estudos humanos, artigos em língua não inglesa, revisões e estudos sem controle foram excluídos. Resultados: Filtros sanguíneos, miniaturização do sistema, perfusatos específicos, perfusão regional, fluxo e temperatura adequados e terapias farmacológicas com fármacos anticoagulantes, vasoativos e anti-inflamatórios reduziram alterações em microcirculação e resposta inflamatória. Conclusão: A eficácia demonstrada em modelos animais estabelece uma perspectiva para avaliação dessas intervenções na prática clínica. .

Objective: To review studies performed in animal models that evaluated therapeutic interventions to inflammatory response and microcirculatory changes after cardiopulmonary bypass. Methods: It was used the search strategy ("Cardiopulmonary Bypass" (MeSH)) and ("Microcirculation" (MeSH) or "Inflammation" (MeSH) or "Inflammation Mediators" (MeSH)). Repeated results, human studies, non-English language articles, reviews and studies without control were excluded. Results: Blood filters, system miniaturization, specific primers regional perfusion, adequate flow and temperature and pharmacological therapies with anticoagulants, vasoactive drugs and anti-inflammatories reduced changes in microcirculation and inflammatory response. Conclusion: Demonstrated efficacy in animal models establishes a perspective for evaluating these interventions in clinical practice. .