ABSTRACT
In recent years, bacterial antibiotic resistance is becoming a huge threaten for human health. It′s getting even more serious after biofilm formation. In addition to physical and chemical factors such as barrier function and microenvironmental changes, the regulation of some genes in biofilm also specifically improves the level of antibiotic resistance. There might be a common regulatory mechanism between antibiotic resistance and the ability of biofilm formation. Type Ⅰ clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) system can affect the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance. The effect varies with species, evolution process and environmental pressure. Recently, it has been reported that type Ⅰ CRISPR system could not only regulate biofilm formation, but could also participate in the interaction between bacteriophages and biofilm. It might become a breakthrough point in the study of phage therapy. This article reviews the situation of antibiotic resistance in recent years, the new progress of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance, and the effects of type Ⅰ CRISPR system on biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance, so as to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the status of food hygiene safety in troop catering units, analyze the major problems, and to improve the service system of food safety in troops.Methods Seventy troop catering units were investigated by means of cross-sectional questionnaire surveys, on-site inspections and rapid detection methods.Results Among the 70 troop catering units, 70.0%were self-managed,and 28.6%were run by civilians.From them, 64.3%of these units were centralized above the regimental level.Five main problems with food safety were found during food processing:uncomplete cleaning and disinfection of the tableware, irrational layout of processing rooms, co-contamination in the processing link, purchase and storage problems of raw materials, and sub-standard internal management of hygiene.44.3%of the catering units had inspection staff, 40.0% were equipped with inspection equipment, and 35.7% had food inspection rooms. Conclusion There are potential hazards to food safety in troop catering units.The implementation of hygienic regulations should be strengthened, and food safety related equipment improved.In addition, staff′s awareness of hygiene should be enhanced, internal supervision should be strengthened, and the mechanism of rewards and punishments should be established.
ABSTRACT
Ojective To study the pathological changes of testis tissue in SARS patients.Methods Tissue specimens were studied by HE staining、TUNEL and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results SARS patients showed that widespead germ cells destruction,few or no spermatozoon in the seminiferous epithelium and the lumen,thickened basement membrane、 peritubular fibrosis、 vascular congestion and leukocytes infiltration.The apoptotic seminiferous cells increased significantly(P