ABSTRACT
Objective@#To understand the prevalence and trend of diet related behaviors among secondary school students in Shanghai, and to provide a scientific basis for developing appropriate health education strategies.@*Methods@#Anonymous questionnaire surveys were conducted among 71 291 students selected by multi stage stratified cluster sampling method from junior high schools,senior high schools and vocational schools in Shanghai in the year of 2008,2012,2015,2017,2019. The questionnaire adopted was "Shanghai adolescent health related behavior questionnaire". Test for trend test were applied for the analysis of the prevalence of their dietary behaviors.@*Results@#The proportion of middle school students nutritional status within the normal range in each survey year were 73.40 %, 72.60%, 68.06%, 68.73%, 67.53%, respectively, while the rate of overweight and obesity increased from 13.17% in 2008 to 23.73% in 2019. The proportion of "eating fried food" decreased significantly by year, from 12.05 % to 4.23% (male, APC=-7.94%, t =-4.33, female, APC= -9.29%, t=-7.71, P <0.05) respectively. And the proportion of "eating dessert" also decreased significantly by year, from 31.66% to 11.14% (male, APC=-8.41%, t =-6.37, female, APC=-8.67%, t=-6.96, P <0.05). In the five surveys, the percentages of healthy diet related behaviors of secondary school students were 12.81%-21.82%, no significant upward trend was observed in the whole( P >0.05). The proportion of diet-related behaviors of nutrition unbalance and easily leading to obesity decreased significantly from 35.47% to 17.00%(APC=-6.71%, t= -5.00 , P <0.05). The proportion of diet related behavior of nutrition unbalance and not easily leading to obesity increased significantly from 39.15% to 60.16%(APC=3.46%, t=6.18, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Overweight and obesity among secondary school students in Shanghai are increasing during the past decade, and the proportion of healthy dietary behaviors is low. The knowledge of rational diet should be publicized among these students in order to develop healthy dietary behaviors.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To analyze the trends of smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019, and to provide theoretical evidence for effective tobacco and alcohol interventions among adolescents.@*Methods@#Data regarding smoking and drinking behaviors from adolescent health risk behavior surveillance program in Shanghai from 2004 to 2019 were collected, and the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking were comparatively analyzed.@*Results@#The prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking among boys were significantly higher than those among girls in 2004 to 2019( χ 2=58.20-347.44, P <0.01). Except the prevalence of ever drinking in 2012, the prevalence of ever smoking, current smoking, ever drinking and current drinking in vocational school students were the highest in each survey( χ 2=111.19-1 196.61, P <0.01). From 2004 to 2019, the standardized rates of smoking and drinking of boys and girls showed a downward trend ( APC =-6.20--1.80, P <0.05). The standardized ever smoking rate and the standardized ever drinking rate of both boys and girls declined significantly from 2004 to 2019（ APC=-5.00, -1.80, P ＜0.05）. The overall standardized rate of ever smoking decreased from 21.02% in 2004 to 12.23% in 2019, and that of ever drinking decreased from 60.52% in 2004 to 47.17 % in 2019）. However, the overall standardized rates of current smoking and current drinking did not reach statistically significance（ P >0.05）.@*Conclusion@#From 2014 to 2019,the prevalence of ever smoking and ever drinking among adolescents in Shanghai over the observed period showed a declining trend by years, but there was no significant change in current smoking and current drinking among adolescents. Specific interventions targeting on smoking and drinking behaviors among adolescents need to be strengthened.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the rigidity at upper thoracic spine among the anterior transpedicular screw-plate system (ATPSPS),posterior transpedicle screw-rod system (PTPSRS) and anterior vertebral body screw-plate system (AVBSPS).Methods Twelve embalmed cadaver specimens were divided into three groups.The specimens in each group were randomly allocated to use the above 3 different internal fixation devices for conducting fixation.The stiffness of each specimen on the directions of axial compression,flexion and extension,and left and right lateral bending was detected under original status.All specimens conducted the simulated corpectomy of T2 (damage status).Then the rigidity on various directions was re-detected on the damage status.The corresponding internal fixation system was selected for conducting the install and fixation according to the grouping results.The intra-group and inter-group rigiditieson different directions were compared amongoriginal status,damage status and after internal fixation.Results The rigidities on different directions under original and damage statushad no statistical difference among various groups (P＜0.05).After conducting fixation in each group,the rigidity after fixation on different directions had statistically significant difference among groups(P＜0.05).The stiffness of anterior flexion in the ATPSPS group was greater than that in the other two groups (P＜0.05).The rigidity of axial compression and extension in the PTPSRS group was greater than that in the other two groups,the difference among groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The stiffness of lateral bending in the AVBSPS group was smaller than that in the other two groups,the difference was significant (P＜0.05),but the difference between the other two groups had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).Conclusion The rigidity of ATPSPS in all directions is higher than that of AVBSPS.The anterior flexion rigidity is greater than PTPSRS,and the axial compression and extension rigidity are less than PTPSRS,but the lateral bending rigidity is equivalent to PTPSRS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the information distribution of PM2.5 Paper in Foreign Language.Methods This article took PM2.5 papers as research object,used GoPubMed as information search and statistical analysis tool to conduct information mining of PM2.5 literature,including subject,time,author,source,distribution and number of publications over time.Results There was steady development of PM2.5 literature published in foreign language from 2004 to 2012,dramatic increase during the year 2013 to 2015.The three top publishing years of PM2.5 literature were 2015,2014 and 2013.Main authors of such literature include Chow J,Watson J,Koutrakis P and so on.Main research countries include United States,China,Canada,etc.Big cities,like Beijing,Shanghai,Boston were main places conducted such PM2.5 research.Related articles mainly published in journals such as J Air Waste Manag Assoc,Environ Sci Technol,Sci Total Environ and so on.Six out of the top ten research journals have higher impact factors than the average level of all journals of SCI in 2014.Main research terminologies include particulate matter,air pollutants,particle size and so on.Conclusions Generally,the PM2.5 literature over the world has a high level academically and China plays a significant role in such research.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Compound changpu yizhi decoction combined with nimodipine on clini-cal symptoms,cognitive function and cerebral blood flow velocity of patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)after stroke, and its medication safety. METHODS:84 MCI patients after stroke in our hospital from Feb. 2012 to Oct. 2014 were selected as re-search objects and randomly divided into observation group and control group,42 cases in each group. All patients received basic preventive treatment;control group was additionally given Nimodipine tablet 30 mg,tid,po;based on it,observation group was given Compound changpu yizhi decoction,one dose a day,taking with warm water every morning and evening. They were treated for 3 months. Clinical symptoms of patients were compared by vascular dementia TCM syndrome table before and after treatment, mini-mental state examination(MMSE)was used to compare the cognitive function of patients before and after treatment,cerebral blood flow velocity before and after treatment and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were compared. RESULTS:Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in clinical symptom scores,cognitive function score and blood flow velocity of main artery between 2 groups(P>0.05). Clinical symptom scores of 2 groups were decreased significantly,while cognitive function and cerebral blood flow velocity were increased significantly;there was statistical significance,compared to before treatment (P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Compound changpu yi-zhi decoction combined with nimodipine helps to relieve clinical symptoms of MCI patients after stroke,improve cerebral blood circulation and cognitive function,with good safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the information distribution of PM2.5 periodical paper both in English and Chinese in China.Methods Comprehensive analysis result was made based on the overall output of literature,academic attention trend,literature distribution and growth trend,authority institution and author ranking using high volume database,data mining,clustering analysis and visualization technology.Results There has been a rapid rise in the Chinese PM2.5 periodical paper in recent 5 years,with a sharp rise during the year 2011 to 2013 and the biggest rise in 2012.The periodicals that carry Chinese PM2.5 literature are mainly in the subjects of environment,health,resources.Researching organizations are mainly domestic famous comprehensive universities or research institutions.Core journal lists include those of China science and technology information institute,Peking University,and Chinese academy of science.Research terms mainly include PM2.5 air pollution,haze,particulate matter.Compared to the PM2.5 literature in Chinese,there has been slower development of literature in English in recent 5 years.Research organizations mainly include famous comprehensive universities or research institutions,and most of the literature are embodied in SCI,EI and Medline.Conclusions Some certain achievements have been made towards the PM2.5 research in China and the overall academic level of periodical paper is high,laying solid foundation for having a scientific knowledge of PM2.5 and taking countermeasure for haze.
ABSTRACT
Objective To probe into the status and development trend of ebola,so as to provide reference for further research.Methods This paper took the ebola literature as the object of study,took GoPubMed as the retrieval and statistical tool,and conducted information analysis of the subjects,time,sources,distribution,authors and literature development trends of ebola research.Results The main subjects of ebola literature involved ebola virus and hemorrhagic fever,ebola.There has been a sharp increase on the literature number of ebola in the recent two years,particularly in 2014.The majority of literature came from the United States,and Britain ranked the second.The sources of ebola literature were mainly the SCI journals published in the United States and British.Conclusions GoPubMed can provide a vivid picture of the current situation and development trend of ebola research.Further improvements are needed both in the quality and quantity of ebola research in China.
ABSTRACT
This paper analyzed international acupuncture and moxibustion literature cited in SCIE of web of science from 1970-2013,using bibliometric methods and visualization analysis tools,according to categories:publication years,countries,organization,authors,subjects and keywords,to explore the topic evolution process and development directions of acupuncture and moxibustion research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the drug resistance of fungi and bacteria detected by using blood culture from 2010 to 2013. Methods BacT/Alert 3D blood culture system was used,Then VITEK microbiological analyzer was used to identify the bacteria and perform drug sensitivity test,the results were analyzed using WHONET5.4 software.Results There were 108 positive speci-mens among 1 176 samples,the detection rate was 9.18%.Among 123 isolates,60 strains were gram positive(48.78%),47 strains were gram negative(38.21%),16 strains was fungus(13.01%).The major five kinds of pathogenic bacteria were coagulase nega-tive staphylococcus(CNS,44 strains),Escherichia coli (18 strains),Klebsiella pneumoniae (15 strains),candida albicans (10 strains)and Staphylococcus aureus(7 strains).The detection rate of methicillin resistant coagulase negative staphylococci(MRCNS) and Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)were 72.73%(32/44)in CNS strains and 57.14% (4/7)in Staphylococcus aureus strains,the antibiotic resistance rates of MRSA and MRCNS were significantly higher than that of MSSA and MSCNS,none of Staphylococcus aureus strain was resistant to vancomycin and linezolid.The sensitive rate of Candida albicans to fluconazole,ketoconazole and mi-conazole was high.50% of Escherichia coli strains and 40% percent of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains produced extended spectrum beta-lactamases(ESBLs).The sensitive rate of Enterobacteriaceae to imipenem and meropenem were both 100.00%.The sensitive rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to cefoperazone/shubatan,piperacillin/tazobactam were both high.Conclusion CNS is the major kind of bacteria in blood culture.The antibiotic resistance of bacteria is increasing and it is necessary to pay attention to blood cul-ture results in order to guide the clinical use of drugs.
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To verify the feasibility and safety of the anterior transpedicular screw(ATPS) fixation of the upper thoracic spine (T1-T4) through the radiological anatomy study on the cadaveric specimens. Methods: The upper thoracic spine thin-section CT data of 40 cases were collected from the radiology de-partment′s database(20 males and 20 females, aged from 18 to 68 years, the mean age was 39.7 years). The data of OPW(outer pedicle width), OPH(outer pedicle height), PAL(pedicle axis length), TPA(transverse section angle), SPA(sagittal section angle), DTIP(distance of transverse intersection point) and DSIP(distance of sagittal intersection point) of each pedicle were measured on the transverse and sagittal sections through the axis of each pedicle. The data were recorded and statistically analyzed. 10 upper thoracic spine(C7-T6) specimens of adults(5 males and 5 females, with unknown ages), with no damage to their appearance, the costovertebral joints and paravertebral soft tissue were completely retained. Then simulate surgical operations were done on the cadaveric specimens based on the obtained data. Screws were implanted anteriorly by free hand. After that, the specimens accepted X-ray fluoroscopy and CT scan. At last, the screws were removed, the speci-mens were sawed along the transaction and sagittal section of the screw channel. Then the success rate of the screw placement was evaluated according to Rao′s worn out classification standard of pedicle screws. Results: From T1 to T4, the OPW decreased from 8.14mm to 3.47mm; the OPH increased from 6.89mm to 10.29mm; the TPA decreased from 32.96° to 11.64°; the DTIP increased from 1.80mm to 5.50mm; the SPA increased from 104.95° to 115.74°; the DSIP increased from 5.95 to 8.76mm; the PAL changed irregularly, from 32.95 to 35.96mm. The pedicle diameters of T3 and T4 were too small to implant ATPS, but the ARTPS can be implanted successfully. The diameter of ATPS was about 4.0mm; the length of ATPS was about 35mm. The diameter of ARTPS was about 5.0mm; the length of ARTPS was about 35mm. 80 pedicle screws were implanted anteriorly, according to Rao′s worn out classification standard of pedicle screws, the fine rate was 90%. The internal walls of 7 pedicles were broken by screws of less than 2mm and no compression to the spinal cord. The internal walls of 5 pedicles were broken of 2 to 4mm, 1 at T1, 1 at T3 and 3 at T4, with varying degrees of spinal cord compression. The internal walls of 2 pedicles were broken of greater than 4mm, 1 at T2 and 1 at T4, with serious spinal cord compression. The external wall of 1 pedicle was broken at T2. Conclusions: The ATPS techniques at T1, T2 and the ARTPS techniques at T3, T4 are feasible, but the safety and clinical practice and further research is needed.
ABSTRACT
Objective To probe into the status and development trend of avian influenza,so as to provide reference for further research.Methods The article took the avian influenza literature as the object of study,took Gopubmed as the retrieval and statistical tool,made information analysis of the subjects,time,sources,distribution,authors and literature development trends of avian influenza research.Results The main subjects of avian influenza literature involved influenza in birds and influenza,human.There has been a sharp increase on the literature number of avian influenza in the recent decade with the most in 2006.The United States accounted for the most literature and China ranked the second place.The sources of avian influenza literature were mainly the SCI journals from the United States and European countries.Conclusions Gopubmed can show a vivid picture of the current situation and development trend of avian influenza research.Further improvements are needed both in the quality and quantity of avian influenza research in China
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish a scientific evaluation index system for medical service scientific research competitiveness for government assessment.Methods The evaluation indexes and their weights were determined after two rounds Delphi consultation.Results Construct a hierachical index system composed of three groups,namely investment,output and effects,including three first class index,13 second ones and 50 third ones after two rounds Delphi consultation.Conclusions The index system has reasonable structure and comprehensive contents,reflecting the core idea of scientific research competitiveness evaluation.
ABSTRACT
Objective We try to find the current situation of Hangzhou health research.Methods Using established evaluation index system to evaluate 8 medical service.Results Scientific research development level of 8 medical service is unbalanced,but input-output is balance.Conclusions According to the appraisal results,we suggest reduce the gap among the scientific level of medical service,train high-level personnel,strengthen the construction of key discipline and specialties,create the atmosphere of project application,and establish scientific research incentive system.
ABSTRACT
Service for key subjects is important for medical information institutions nowadays.This paper discusses the necessity of providing subject-oriented service,and proposes three service modes:information transmission mode,information analysis mode and information navigation mode.In addition,the guarantee measures are also discussed,including constructing a security system for subject literature,training high-quality services team,and promoting subject information service brand.
ABSTRACT
To reveal the scientific research situation of general hospitals in recent years in china,the authors retrieved papers included in CBM、CCD and ISI Web of Knowledge,and compared the production of papers from the general hospital in 15 sub-provincial cities during the period of 2000 -2009.Also the citation frequency of all papers and the average citation frequency were compared.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effect of Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue Tongluo recipe on local inflammation of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury in mice. Method Fifty Kunming Mice were randomly divided into five groups: model group, high-dose group of TCM, low-dose group of TCM, nimodiping group and sham operation group. Each group had 10 mice. Mice models of the right middle cerebral artery CIRI in the first four groups were established through thread embolism method. Physiological saline was given to the mice in the model group and sham operation group. Nimodipine solution was given to the mice in the Nimodipine group. High and low dose of Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue-Tongluo Chinese medicine decoction were given to the mice in the high dose of TCM group and low dose of TCM group respectively after the models were successfully established. To assess the expression level of IL-6 and TNF-α by radioimmunoassay after the treatment. Results Compared with model group [(219.29±39.28) pg/ml, (1.325 ± 0.236) ng/ml] , the level of IL-6 and TNF-α of high dose of TCM group[(120.69±49.23)pg/ml, (1.086±0.178)ng/ml], low dose of TCM group[(173.97±49.03)pg/ml, (0.937 ± 0.105)ng/ml]and nimodipine group[(170.88± 47.06)pg/ml, (1.092±0.184) ng/ml]decrease (P0.05). Conclusion Huazhuo-Jiedu-Huoxue-Tongluo recipe can restrain the expression of inflammatory cytokines and reduce the infiltrating of leukocytes in mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe clinical,therapeutic effect of Qiankun Capsule on lung cancer and to study on the mechanism.Methods:100 cases of lung cancer were randomly divided into Qiankun Capsule group(capsule group),chemotherapy group and chemotherapy plus capsule group(combination group).Their clinical symptoms,immune indexes,blood picture,life state(assessed with Karnofsky criteria),body weight,and expression of p53 protein and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)were compared. Results:The total effective rate of 94.12% in the capsule group and 90.91% in the combination group were significantly higher than 57.58% in the chemotherapy group(P