ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the global effects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection on macrophages.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The gene expression profiling of macrophage U937, in response to infection with M. tuberculosis H(37)R(a), was monitored using a high-density cDNA microarray.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>M. tuberculosis infection caused 463 differentially expressed genes, of which 366 genes are known genes registered in the Gene Bank. These genes function in various cellular processes including intracellular signalling, cytoskeletal rearrangement, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, cell surface receptors, cell-mediated immunity as well as a variety of cellular metabolic pathways, and may play key roles in M. tuberculosis infection and intracellular survival.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>M. tuberculosis infection alters the expression of host-cell genes, and these genes will provide a foundation for understanding the infection process of M. tuberculosis. The cDNA microarray is a powerful tool for studying pathogen-host cell interaction.</p>
Subject(s)
Cells, Cultured , DNA, Complementary , Genetics , Gene Expression , Macrophages , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , Tuberculosis , GeneticsABSTRACT
The commissural fibres of hippocampus and dentate gyrus were studied by the method of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in the guinea pig. The results are as follows:(1) The superior region (CA_1)of hippocampus sends commissural fibres to the same field of the contralateral side.(2) The inferior region (CA_3) of hippocampus sends commissural fibres to all fields of hippocampus and dentate gyrus of the contralateral side.(3) The cells of polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus send commissural fibres to the dentate gyrus or the inferior region (CA_3) nearby the dentate gyrus of the contralateral side, or perhaps to both of them.(4) The superior region of hippocampus receives commissural fibres which have remarkable degree of symmetry, and this is probably also true of the dentate gyrus, but the inferior region of hippocampus is not likely so.