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1.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(5): 499-507, mayo 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-267660

ABSTRACT

Background: Radio-iodine is a definite therapy for Graves disease hyperthyroidism. However, the optimal dosage is still debatable. Aim: To assess the effects of different radioiodine doses on thyroid function and complications in patients with hyperthyroidism. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of 139 patients with hyperthyroidism, treated with ratioiodine between 1988 and 1998. Radio iodine dose used was classified as low (<10 mCi), intermediate (10-14.9 mCi) or high (ü 15 mCi). Results: Thirty five patients were treated with low doses, 33 with intermediate doses and 71 with high doses. There were no differences between these patients in age, disease severity, frequency of post treatment euthyroidism or complications. Patients treated with low doses had a higher frequency of persistent hyperthyroidism than patients treated with high doses (25.7 and 4.2 percent respectively, p<0,001). Likewise, the frequency of subsequent hypothyroidism was 60 percent in patients treated with low doses and 84.5 percent of those with high doses, in whom it also appeared earlier. Associated complications were clinically irrelevant. In seven patients, Graves ophtalmopathy progressed after treatment, but this progression was not associated with the dose used. Conclusions: Radio iodine in high doses is useful, safe and effective for the treatment of Graves hyperthyroidism


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Hyperthyroidism/radiotherapy , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Graves Disease/radiotherapy , Radiotherapy Dosage , Thyroid Gland/radiation effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 128(4): 405-10, abr. 2000. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-263710

ABSTRACT

Background: Thyroid cancer is the most frequent endocrine cancer with important implications in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Aim: to report a population of patients with thyroid cancer diagnosed by pathological studies of the surgical piece. Patients and methods: Eighty five patients (68 female) with the definitive diagnosis of thyroid cancer were studied. Clinical, imaginological, cytological and pathological findings were analyzed. Results: The age range of patients was 10 to 77 years old. Sixty nine patients had ultrasonographic studies which showed a solid nodule in 84 percent, mixed solid-cystic area in 14.5 percent and a purely cystic nodule in 1.5 percent of the cases. Nineteen patients had non specific calcifications. Fine needle aspiration cytology was negative for malignancy in eight patients (false negative rate of 9.9 percent). The average size of the nodules was of 2.8 ñ 1.6 cm). Six nodules measured less than one cm (microcarcinoma). In the initial surgical procedure, 13 patients had lymph node metastases, 2 of them had a primary tumor of 1 cm and 5 patients had Graves's Disease. Frozen biopsies during operation had 9 false negative results for cancer (10.6 percent). Pathology showed 64 cases of papillary cancer (75 percent), 14 of follicular (16.5 percent), two were Hurthle cell cancer (2.4 percent), three were medullary (3.5 percent), and two anaplastic (2.4 percent). Conclusions: in our experience, thyroid cancer is more common in women, solid lesions predominate in the ultrasonography and calcifications are frequently found. The tumor size is variable and the most frequent pathological type corresponds to differentiated cancers. Using the definitive pathological study as the standard, the diagnostic sensitivity of fine needle cytology was 90.1 percent, and of frozen section 89.4 percent


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Thyroid Neoplasms/epidemiology , Biopsy, Needle , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/therapy , Lymphatic Metastasis
3.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 6(3): 106-10, 2000. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-282037

ABSTRACT

Debido a que la radiografía de tórax es una herramienta fundamental para el diagnóstico de enfermedades torácicas, se ha incentivado la realización de múltiples investigaciones tendientes a mejorar la calidad de imagen y así la información que entrega este examen. Siguiendo esta misma línea, este trabajo determina si existen diferencias en el análisis radiográfico del examen de tórax al usar películas de diferente latitud. Para llevar a cabo este estudio. Se incluyó un grupo de 50 personas adultas, a las cuales se les realizó dos radiografías de tórax frontales (póstero-anteriores), una con película de alta latitud y otra con película de latitud de uso convencional. Estas radiografías fueron tomadas y procesadas bajo iguales condiciones técnicas. Para el análisis de las radiografías se elaboró una pauta de evaluación que incluye un conjunto de 10 estructuras anatómicas pertenecientes al tórax. Dichas estructuras fueron evaluadas, en cada placa, por tres médicos radiólogos de similar experiencia en el tema, los cuales asignaron un puntaje de 1 a 3, dependiendo de cómo se observó cada estructura en los dos tipos de película. Una vez obtenidos los resultados finales, en donde las radiografías realizadas con la película de alta latitud fueron mayoritariamente mejor evaluadas que las radiografías tomadas con la película de latitud normal, se concluyó y demostró que las radiografías tomadas con las películas de alta latitud son capaces de mejorar en forma real la calidad de imagen de la radiografía de torax, debido a que entregan mayor cantidad de información


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , X-Ray Film , Radiography, Thoracic/instrumentation , Radiographic Image Enhancement/instrumentation , Materials Testing , Radiography, Thoracic/methods
4.
Rev. chil. radiol ; 6(1): 8-14, 2000. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-268189

ABSTRACT

La elaboración del módulo nace en respuesta a la necesidad de los profesionales de mantener una permanente educación contínua. La radiografía de cráneo y macizo facial es una técnica compleja, necesaria y frecuente, que los especialistas deben dominar para obtener imágenes de mejor calidad y para su adecuada y eficiente interpretación. De esta manera, el objetivo central de este proyecto es desarrollar y validar este material de autoaprendizaje. Se elaboró una aplicación en hipertexto, montado en CD, que puede ser accesado utilizando software convencional para exploración Web; y por un texto guía impreso. La aplicación se tituló "análisis y evaluación de radiografías fundamentales de cráneo y macizo facial". Este material fue entregado a un grupo de 32 estudiantes (16 médicos becados y 16 estudiantes de Tecnología Médica de especialidad Radiología), posterior a la realización de test diagnóstico. Después de dos semanas de estudio personal del módulo, se realizó un test final equivalente al diagnóstico. Además, se aplicó un cuestionario de opinión, con el fin de explorar apreciaciones respecto de la metodología utilizada. Los resultados de ambos tests muestran que todos los sujetos incrementaron el puntaje después de leer el material de instrucción (promedio de incremento: 13.6 ñ 6.8 ds, para un test con un puntaje máximo teórico de 44). Los resultados del cuestionario de opinión, muestran que el grado de aporte del módulo sería alto en su quehacer profesional para la totalidad de los alumnos, que les fue más fácil utilizar el texto que la página Web. Finalmente sugirieron la elaboración de otros módulos. Es posible precisar que este material resultó adecuado para el desarrollo del tema, los resultados muestran el alto éxito observado en el aprendizaje de los grupos, lo cual unido a los resultados que se desprenden de la encuesta de opinión, confirman claramente la utilidad que presta este tipo de material instruccional


Subject(s)
Humans , Programmed Instruction , Radiology/education , Skull , Educational Measurement/statistics & numerical data , Face , Hypermedia , Software Validation
5.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 127(5): 576-80, mayo 1999. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-243931

ABSTRACT

Background: There is scanty information about bone mineral density in newborns. Normal values are needed to assess the effects of diseases and drugs used during the neonatal period. Aim: To assess bone mineral density in normal newborns. Patients and methods: Total body bone mineral density was measured in 16 newborns with 39 ñ 1.2 weeks of gestational age, using a Norland dual photon densitometer. Results: The mean weight of newborns was 3.366 ñ 325 g. Bone mineral content was 58.3 ñ 10.8 g and bone mineral density was 0.369 ñ 9.6 g/cm2. Results: The availability of normal bone mineral content values in newborns will be useful for the assessment of conditions that affect bone mineralisation


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Female , Densitometry , Bone Density/physiology , Reference Values , Absorptiometry, Photon , Prenatal Diagnosis
6.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 9(5): 5-10, jul. 1998. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231609

ABSTRACT

Introducida hace ya dos décadas atrás, la tomografía de emisión de fotón único SPECT, ha tenido su mayor auge en éste último decenio, empleándose con éxito en la evaluación del flujo sanguíneo cerebral (FSC), ya sea en forma global como regional de sus diferentes territorios, permitiendo así una mejor comprensión, tanto de su fisiología como los cambios que allí ocurren en diferentes entidades clínicas. Esta técnica se desarrolló a partir de la experiencia adquirida en el uso de la tomografía de emisión de positrones (PET), que utiliza radiofármacos de vida media ultracorta como el oxígeno 15, carbono 11, clucosa marcada con flúor 18 entre otros, con los cuales es posible el estudio del metabolismo cerebral. Dado su alto costo y complejidad, el PET está disponible en pocos centros a nivel muldial. Estos hechos, junto con una mayor disponibilidad de gammacámaras SPECT, condujeron a producción de trazadores de flujo cerebral que se pueden marcar con emisores de fotones simples, en la base que el FSC y el metabolismo se modifican paralelamente. Mientras los métodos de diagnósticos por imágenes como la tomografía axial computada (TAC) y la resonancia nuclear magnética (RNM) nos entregan esencialmente información de carácter morfológico, el SPECT proporciona información principalmente funcional


Subject(s)
Humans , Dementia , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Alzheimer Disease/diagnosis , Cerebrum/blood supply , Diagnosis, Differential , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/statistics & numerical data
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(8,supl): 47-53, ago. 1996.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-185138
8.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(7): 829-35, jul. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-174910

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis in young or middle age men is unusual and requires an extensive diagnostic work-up. To report a retrospective review of nine men with osteoporosis aged 27 to 61 years old (mean 39), that presented with primary diagnosis of osteoporosis, were reviewed. Subjects were subjected to a diagnostic work-up 5 years after the onset of symptoms. Their body mass index ranged from 21.7 to 26.3 kg-m2, all had vertebral fractures (crush fractures in 8 and a biconcave deformity in one) between T4 and L4 and all had normal serum calcium, phosphate, alkaline phosphatase and cretinine. Four patients had a history of neprholithiasis and 3 had hypercalciuria. Bone density, measured in 7 patients with a dual photon densitometer, showed a mean Z score of -2.0 in the spine and -2.2 in the femoral neck. The final diagnoses of these patients were Cushing's disease in 2, malabsorption syndrome in 1, use of phenobarbital and hydantoin in 1, over renal hypercalciuria with low calcium intake in 1 and alcoholic liver disease in 1. In 3 patients, osteoporosis was considered idiopathic. Of these, 2 had moderate absorptive hypercalciuria as a presumible risk factor. Six of the 9 studied male patients with osteoporosis had an underlying cause and in three, this condition was considered idiopathic


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Spinal Injuries/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/physiopathology , Spinal Injuries/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Minerals/metabolism , Bone Density/physiology , Body Mass Index , Cushing Syndrome/complications
9.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 124(4): 423-30, abr. 1996. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173351

ABSTRACT

The effect of chronic alcoholism on bone mass and density has been a subject of considerable controversy. The goal of the present study was to evaluate bone mineral content and density in 2 groups of alcoholic men without evidence of liver damage and determine if the modality of alcohol consumption could cause an alcohol-mediated bone loss. We studied 70 alcoholic non cirrhotic men divided into intermittent (n=38) and continuos (n=32) drinkers. They were compared to 109 normal men. Dual photon densitometry technique using a Gd 153 source was utilized and bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femoral neck, Ward's triangle, trochanter, total body bone density (TBBD) and mineral (TBBM) were measured. Hematologic, serum and urinary tests of mineral metabolism were also carried out. No significant differences were found in lumbar spine BMD between normals and alcoholics regardless of the type of alcohol consumption and duration of alcoholism. In the femoral neck, a significant decrease in BMD was found in alcoholics when plotted as regression curves (r=25;p=0,02). In this site duration of alcoholism was significantly correlated to decreased BMD in the total group of alcoholics (r=0,27;p=0,02) and also in the continuous drinker group (r=0,40;p=0,02) when considered duration of alcohol abuse. Total bone mineral was significantly lower in alcoholics (p<0.001) and the subgroups compared to normals and correlated with duration of alcohol abuse (p=0,01). Chemical values revealed normal calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatases, PTH and Ca/Cr concentration. Only serum magnesium was found disminished in 16,6 percent of studied subjects. We conclude that pure alcoholism may affect femoral neck density and total body mineral content, being proportional to the duration of alcohol abuse. Spine density appears unaffected. The type of alcoholic abuse was less important than its duration to cause bone mass abnormalities


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Alcoholism/complications , Bone Density , Bone Diseases/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Densitometry , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Femur Neck , Femur Neck/physiopathology , Bone Resorption/physiopathology
10.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 46(1): 11-5, mar. 1996. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-213171

ABSTRACT

La obtención de una masa ósea máxima (MOM) óptima durante las dos primeras décadas de la vida, disminuyendo el riesgo de fracturas por osteoporosis en la vida adulta. Una mayor actividad física es uno de los factores que favorece la mineralización ósea en adultos. Sin embargo en adolescentes se sospecha que los deportes que implican retraso puberal o amenorrea retrasan la mineralización, en tanto que los que se acompañan de una adecuada ingesta calórico proteica la favorecen. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del grado de actividad física y del tipo de deporte, sobre la mineralización esquelética antes y durante la pubertad. Se seleccionó en forma dirigida una muestra de 144 escolares de ambos sexos entre 7 y 14 años, con diferentes grados de actividad física. Se evaluó la densidad mineralización ósea (DMO) a nivel de cuerpo entero, columna y cadera, por densitometría bifotónica isotópica (Noeland) usando como estándar de referencia los valores obtenidos en escolares chilenos normales. Se observó una mayor DMO en los escolares de mayor actividad física de ambos sexos, a nivel de cuerpo entero y columna, en tanto que las gimnastas prepúberes presentaron una menor DMO en cuerpo entero. Los escolares púberes con actividad disminuida tuvieron un puntuaje z negativo de la DMO. Estos resultados nos permiten concluir que la actividad física afecta positivamente la mineralizacin esquelética especialmente a nivel de columna y cadera siendo más evidente esta influencia durante la pubertad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Calcification, Physiologic , Educational Status , Sports
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 123(9): 1122-8, sept. 1995. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-162428

ABSTRACT

Hip fracture is frecuent in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. The aim of this work was to assess bone mass in women with hip fracture and compare it with that of normal women. Bone densities of lumbar spine (considering areas with and without spondylosis), female neck, greater trochanter and unfractures hip Ward's triangle were measured with a double beam isotopic densitometer. Thirty one women aged 58-95 years old were studied and compared with normal women studied at the same laboratory. Bone densities in fractures and normal women were 0.82ñ0.16 and 0.85ñ0.05 g/cm2 in lumbar spine respectively (NS), 0.74ñ0.15 and 0.85ñ0.05 g/cm2 in lumbar spine without spondylosis respectively (p<0.001), 0.60ñ0.11 and 0.65ñ0.08 g/cm2 in femoral neck respectively (NS), 0.49ñ0.09 and 0.52ñ0.09 g/cm2 in greater trochanter respectively (p<0.001) and 0.48ñ0.12 and 0.52ñ0.09 g/cm2 in Ward's triangle respectively (NS). It is concluded that the larger differences in bone density between women with and without hip fracture are observed in the greater trochanter


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Hip Fractures/physiopathology , Bone Density/physiology , Densitometry , Femur/anatomy & histology , Hip/anatomy & histology , Lumbar Vertebrae/anatomy & histology
12.
Rev. dent. Chile ; 82(2): 85-92, ago. 1991. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-152717

ABSTRACT

Salivary glands scintigraphy is a technique developed in nuclear Medicine. It use Technecium-99m. Pertechnetate to obtain images of the mouth and it produces information about the physiology and morfology of these glands. The technique is very useful for the differential diagnosis od several diseases. Its principal clinical application is the functional information provided in inflammatory, obstructive and autoinmune diseases


Subject(s)
Humans , Salivary Glands , Diagnosis, Differential , Evaluation Study , Parotitis/diagnosis , Radionuclide Imaging , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Sialadenitis/diagnosis , Sjogren's Syndrome/diagnosis , Technetium Tc 99m Medronate/administration & dosage
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