ABSTRACT
Determinou-se a taxa de filtração glomerular por meio do EDTA, marcado com 51Cr e com 113mIn, pela técnica de injeção única, em nove equinos, seis machos e três fêmeas com idades de dois a 12 anos. A taxa de filtração glomerular foi calculada a partir da curva de desaparecimento no plasma e do volume de distribuição do radiotraçador, 51Cr-EDTA ou 113mIn-EDTA. O resultado (média±desvio-padrão) foi de 148,80±26,42mL.min-1.100kg. Conclui-se que a medida da taxa de filtração glomerular pelo 51Cr-EDTA ou 113mIn-EDTA, pela técnica de injeção única, elimina o cateterismo vesical e, por sua simplicidade, comodidade, precisão e baixa dose de radiação, pode ser empregada em cavalos como método de escolha em rotina clínica.
The glomerular filtration rate was determined in nine healthy horses, six male and three female, aged two to 12-year-old, by means of 51Cr and 113mIn labeled EDTA single injection technique. The glomerular filtration rate was calculated from the plasma disappearance curve and the volume of distribution of the radiotracer, 51Cr-EDTA or 113mIn-EDTA. The result (mean±standard deviation) was 148.80±26.42mL.min-1.100kg. It is concluded that the measurement of glomerular filtration rate by 51Cr-EDTA or 113mIn-EDTA by single injection technique eliminates the bladder catheterization, and for its simplicity, convenience, accuracy, and low dose of radiation, can be used in horses as a method of choice in clinical routine.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Chromium , Edetic Acid , Equidae , Glomerular Filtration RateABSTRACT
The clinical manifestations of neurocysticercosis (NC) are varied and depend on the number and location of cysts, as well as on the host immune response. Symptoms usually occur in NC when cysticerci enter a degenerative course associated with an inflammatory response. The expression of brain damage markers may be expected to increase during this phase. S100B is a calcium-binding protein produced and released predominantly by astrocytes that has been used as a marker of reactive gliosis and astrocytic death in many pathological conditions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the levels of S100B in patients in different phases of NC evolution. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum S100B concentrations were measured in 25 patients with NC: 14 patients with degenerative cysts (D), 8 patients with viable cysts (V) and 3 patients with inactive cysts. All NC patients, except 1, had five or less cysts. In most of them, symptoms had been present for at least 1 month before sample collection. Samples from 8 normal controls (C) were also assayed. The albumin quotient was used to estimate the blood-brain barrier permeability. There were no significant differences in serum (P = 0.5) or cerebrospinal fluid (P = 0.91) S100B levels among the V, D, and C groups. These findings suggest that parenchymal changes associated with a relatively small number of degenerating cysts probably have a negligible impact on glial tissue.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Nerve Growth Factors/blood , Nerve Growth Factors/classification , Neurocysticercosis/immunology , /blood , /classification , Biomarkers/blood , Biomarkers/cerebrospinal fluid , Case-Control Studies , Neurocysticercosis/blood , Neurocysticercosis/classificationABSTRACT
Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is a glycolytic enzyme present almost exclusively in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. NSE levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are assumed to be useful to estimate neuronal injury and clinical outcome of patients with serious clinical manifestations such as those observed in stroke, head injury, anoxic encephalopathy, encephalitis, brain metastasis, and status epilepticus. We compared levels of NSE in serum (sNSE) and in CSF (cNSE) among four groups: patients with meningitis (N = 11), patients with encephalic injuries associated with impairment of consciousness (ENC, N = 7), patients with neurocysticercosis (N = 25), and normal subjects (N = 8). Albumin was determined in serum and CSF samples, and the albumin quotient was used to estimate blood-brain barrier permeability. The Glasgow Coma Scale score was calculated at the time of lumbar puncture and the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score was calculated at the time of patient discharge or death. The ENC group had significantly higher cNSE (P = 0.01) and albumin quotient (P = 0.005), but not sNSE (P = 0.14), levels than the other groups (Kruskal-Wallis test). Patients with lower GOS scores had higher cNSE levels (P = 0.035) than patients with favorable outcomes. Our findings indicate that sNSE is not sensitive enough to detect neuronal damage, but cNSE seems to be reliable for assessing patients with considerable neurological insult and cases with adverse outcome. However, one should be cautious about estimating the severity of neurological status as well as outcome based exclusively on cNSE in a single patient.
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Brain Injuries , Meningitis , Neurocysticercosis , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers , Brain Injuries , Case-Control Studies , Glasgow Coma Scale , Meningitis , Neurocysticercosis , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase , Prospective Studies , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
Este estudo avalia a evoluçäo da sensibilidade in vitro do Plasmodium falciparum em uma área de prospecçäo de ouro no Estado do Amapá no período de 1983 a 1990. Foram efetuados 75 testes para cloroquina e quinino, 74 para amodiaquina e 76 para nefloquina. Os resultados revelaram 81 por cento de resistência à cloroquina e 27 por cento para a amodiaquina, enquanto que para quinino e mefloquina näo foram evidenciadas cepas resistentes. Contudo, para estas duas últimas drogas identificou-se uma crescente perda da sensibilidade ao longo do tempo. Aparentemente observa-se uma associaçäo entre resistência à cloroquina e a diminuiçäo da sensibilidade ao quinino
Subject(s)
Animals , Antimalarials/antagonists & inhibitors , Gold , Mining , Plasmodium falciparum/drug effects , Brazil , Chi-Square Distribution , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug ResistanceABSTRACT
O virus da hepatite B é de distribuiçäo universal. Calcula-se que 300 milhöes de indivíduos, em escala mundial, estao cronicamente contaminados pelo mesmo. A transmissäo mae-filho do vírus da hepatite B, que ocorre durante o parto, a chamada transmissäo perinatal, representa fonte muito importante de disseminaçao da infecçäo, principalmente naquelas regiöes em que é alta a endemicidade do HVB. Também é bem sabido que quanto mais precoce for a contaminaçäo com o vírus B, maiores seräo as chances de cronificaçäo do processo. Conseqüentemente, a identificaçäo de mäes AgHBs positivas e administraçäo de HBIG e vacina aos seus recém-nascidos säo altamente recomendadas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Hepatitis B/transmission , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical , Hepatitis B Vaccines , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , PrevalenceABSTRACT
Nas complicaçöes da diabetes mellitus pode estar incluido o comprometimento da inervaçäo esofagiana, levando a distúrbios motores do esôfago, mesmo em fases näo sintomáticas. Tendo em vista a simplicidade e a sensibilidade do método cintilográfico no estudo da motilidade esofagiana, os autores propuseram a comparar o tempo de trânsito esofagiano com radionuclídeo em pacientes portadores de diabetes mellitus e em individuos normais. Foram estudados 33 pacientes diabéticos e 26 controles, sendo divididos em grupo A (dependente de insulina) e B (näo dependentes). O estudo mostrou que as alteraçöes no tempo de trânsito esofagiano predominam nos grupos diabéticos näo dependentes de insulina, näo havendo relaçäo com o tempo de duraçäo da doença. No grupo dependente, as anormalidades encontradas tiveram relaçäo com o tempo de doença