Facial expressions and eye tracking in individuals with social anxiety disorder: a systematic review

Abstract Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by the fear of being judged negatively in social situations. Eye-tracking techniques have been prominent among the methods used in recent decades to investigate emotional processing in SAD. This study offers a systematic review of studies on eye-tracking patterns in individuals with SAD and controls in facial emotion recognition tasks. Thirteen articles were selected from the consulted databases. It was observed that the subjects with SAD exhibited hypervigilance-avoidance in response to emotions, primarily in the case of negative expressions. There was avoidance of conspicuous areas of the face, particularly the eyes, during observations of negative expressions. However, this hypervigilance did not occur if the stimulus was presented in virtual reality. An important limitation of these studies is that they use only static expressions, which can reduce the ecological validity of the results.

Fatores Apontados por Profissionais como Desencadeadores de Ansiedade em Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Município de Cabedelo / Elements Indicated by Professionals as Triggering Factors of Anxiety in the Centers for Psychosocial Care in the Municipality of Cabedelo

Objetivo: O presente estudo objetivou identificar os fatores desencadeadores de ansiedade em profissionais de nível superior que integram as equipes técnicas dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Materiais e método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, envolvendo 20 profissionais que atuam nos CAPS do município de Cabedelo. A coleta foi realizada através da aplicação de um questionário de identificação de fatores apontados pelos profissionais como desencadeadores de ansiedade em seu ambiente de trabalho. Resultados: Os dados mostraram que, entre os principais fatores desencadeadores de ansiedade no trabalho, 90% dos profissionais apontaram a inadequação da estrutura física, 80% dos profissionais destacaram a baixa remuneração e a desvalorização do profissional e 50% apontaram a sobrecarga de trabalho. Os fatores relacionados a equipe, demanda e experiência ocuparam as últimas posições como causas de ansiedade. Conclusão: A estrutura física inadequada do serviço foi apontada com maior frequência pelos profissionais de nível superior dos CAPS como um fator desencadeador de ansiedade no processo de trabalho. Na sequência, vieram fatores relacionados à baixa remuneração, à desvalorização do profissional, sobrecarga de trabalho e à falta de experiência dos profissionais para atuar nessa área. (AU)

Objective: The present study aimed to identify the triggering factors of anxiety among higher education professionals working in the technical teams of the Centers for Psychosocial Care (CAPS) in the municipality of Cabedelo. Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach involving 20 professionals working in the CAPS. Data collection was performed through the application of a questionnaire identifying factors pointed out by professionals as anxiety triggers in their work environment. Results: The findings showed that among the main work-unrelated anxiety factors, 90% of the professionals indicated an inadequate physical structure; 80% of them pointed out a low remuneration and a devaluation of the professional; and 50% indicated work overload. Factors such as work team, demand, and experience ranked the last positions as reported causes of anxiety. Conclusion: The inadequate physical structure of the service was pointed out more frequently by higher education professionals as a triggering factor of anxiety in the work process, followed by low remuneration, devaluation of the professional, overload, and professional's lack of experience. (AU)