Methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and its association with lipid profile and nutritional status in adults

BACKGROUND: Defects in DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypercholesterolemia. To analyze the methylation profile of the ADRB3 gene and correlate it with lipid profile, lipid intake, and oxidative stress based on malondialdehyde (MDA) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), homocysteine and folic acid levels, nutritional status, lifestyle, and socioeconomic variables in an adult population. A cross-sectional epidemiological study representative of the East and West regions of the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba state, Brazil, enrolled 265 adults of both genders. Demographic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic questionnaires and a 24-h recall questionnaire were applied by trained interviewers' home. Nutritional and biochemical evaluation (DNA methylation, lipid profile, MDA, TAC, homocysteine and folic acid levels) was performed. RESULTS: DNA hypermethylation of the ADRB3 gene, analyzed in leukocytes, was present in 50% of subjects and was associated with a higher risk of being overweight (OR 3.28; p = 0.008) or obese (OR 3.06; p = 0.017), a higher waist-hip ratio in males (OR 1.17; p = 0.000), greater intake of trans fats (OR 1.94; p = 0.032), higher LDL (OR 2.64; p = 0.003) and triglycerides (OR 1.81; p = 0.031), and higher folic acid levels (OR 1.85; p = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that epigenetic changes in the ADRB3 gene locus may explain the development of obesity and non-communicable diseases associated with trans-fat intake, altered lipid profile, and elevated folic acid. Because of its persistence, DNA methylation may have an impact in adults, in association with the development of non-communicable diseases. This study is the first population-based study of the ADRB3 gene, and the data further support evaluation of ADRB3 DNA methylation as an effective biomarker.

Influência dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida no sobrepeso e obesidade em todas as faixas etárias / Influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in overweight and obesity in all age groups

Introdução: A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade estão relacionadas a idade, sexo, status socioeconômico envolvendo renda e escolaridade, entre outros fatores de risco relacionados à saúde, incluindo tabagismo atual e o sedentarismo. Objetivo: Este trabalho pretende revisar de forma integrada a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade em todas as faixas etárias, apresentando evidências atuais sobre o tema e correlacionando com vários fatores que o influenciam. Método: Para a realização desta revisão bibliográfica, foi feita pesquisa em base de dados do PubMed e Medline. Conclusões: Com base nos resultados das pesquisas analisadas, observou-se que a prevalência de sobrepeso é impactante, independentemente da faixa etária e mais prevalente no sexo feminino. Quanto à influência dos fatores demográficos, socioeconômicos e de estilo de vida, não existe consenso, sendo necessárias mais pesquisas buscando diminuir a alta prevalência de sobrepeso, para que essa não se transforme em obesidade.(AU)

Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity are related to age, sex, socioeconomic status, income and education among other risk factors related to health, including current smoking and physical inactivity. Objective: This study aims to review an integrated fashion, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in all age groups, presenting the latest evidence on the subject and correlating with several influencing factors. Methods: For this literature review PubMed and Medline databases were used. Conclusions: Based on the results of the studies analyzed, it was observed that the prevalence of overweight is impressive, regardless of age and more prevalent in females range. As for the influence of demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle, there is no consensus, and more research is needed to decrease the high prevalence of overweight so this does not become obesity.(AU)

Comparação entre o Conteúdo de Nutrientes nos Rótulos de Alimentos Enriquecidos com Ácido Fólico e Ferro com o Encontrado na Taco e no Software Dietwin / A Comparative Analysis between Nutrient Content Claimed in Folic Acid- And Iron- Enriched Food Labels with that Found in the Brazilian Table of Food Composition and Dietwin Software

Comparar os valores de nutrientes encontrados nosrótulos de alimentos enriquecidos com ácido fólico e ferrocomercializados em João Pessoa com os valores recomendadospela RDC n. 344 da ANVISA de 2002, e com os encontrados naTabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos e no softwareDietwin. Material e Métodos: A amostra foi composta pelolevantamento de dados sobre a composição de ácido fólico eferro em 833 alimentos, contendo farinha de milho e farinhade trigo nos dois supermercados que comercializam produtosem nível nacional, localizados no município de João Pessoaonde foram realizas 14 visitas. Todas as análises estatísticasforam realizadas com o auxílio do software Core RDevelopment Team, para verificar as associações, utilizou-seo Teste Qui-quadrado com a concentração dos nutrientes,originados das três fontes de dados. Resultados: Dos 833alimentos analisados, 111(13%) apresentavam valores nosrótulos, 535(64%) tinha a informação de enriquecimento nosingredientes e 187(23%) não apresentavam informação deenriquecimento nos ingredientes. Ao comparar-se os valoresde ácido fólico e ferro, constatou-se que os valores descritosnos rótulos quanto ao ácido fólico eram semelhantes aosvalores encontrados no software Dietwin, e com relação aoferro, os valores encontrados nos rótulos eram superiores aosencontrados no software Dietwin como também em relação aTabela Brasileira de Composição dos Alimentos. Conclusão:No presente estudo observou-se que a fortificação com ácidofólico foi ligeiramente superior ao recomendado com umaumento médio de 10,7%, já a fortificação com ferro supriauma quantidade duas vezes maior, em média, que a obrigatóriaem 26% dos rótulos analisados, com base na legislação vigente...

To compare the nutrient content claimed in folicacid- and iron-enriched food labels commercialized in the cityof João Pessoa, PB, Brazil, with that recommended by theBrazilian Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) Decree no.344/2002, and by the Brazilian Table of Food Compositionand Dietwin software. Material and Methods: The sample wascomposed by data about folic acid and iron content in 833food items containing corn and wheat flour. The survey wascompleted after 14 visits in two supermarkets located in JoãoPessoa, which sell national products. All statistical analyseswere performed using the Core R Development Team software.In order to check associations between the nutrient contents inthe three data sources, the Qui-square test was used. Results:Of the 833 items analyzed, 111(13%) presented values in thelabels, 535 (64%) disclosed the information on ingredientenrichment and 187(23%) lacked this sort of information. Wefound that the values described in the labels about folic acidwere similar to those found in Dietwin software, whereas thevalues claimed for iron were greater than the ones found inDietwin software and also in the Brazilian Table of FoodComposition. Conclusion: Folic acid enrichment was slightlyhigher than the recommended with a mean increase of 10.7%,whereas iron enrichment had a two-fold higher amount onaverage than the required one in 26% of the labels analyzedbased on current legislation...