ABSTRACT
Resumen El presente estudio buscó identificar en niños preescolares la asociación de las concentraciones de hemoglobina con características socio-ambientales, maternas, biológico-nutricionales y las condiciones de salud; así como con las concentraciones séricas de zinc y retinol. Estudio transversal con muestra de 335 individuos, representativa de los niños de jardines infantiles del municipio de Campina Grande, Paraíba. En los 294 niños estudiados, el modelo ajustado mostró menores concentraciones de hemoglobina en casos de tipo de casa diferente de ladrillo; ausencia de red de escoto; colecta no pública de la basura; no tratamiento del agua para beber; dificultades maternas para leer, escribir o hacer cuentas; edad entre 9-24 meses; peso/edad < - 2 escore Z y problemas de salud en los últimos 15 días, bien como en casos de bajas concentraciones séricas de zinc y retinol. La multicausalidad de concentraciones inferiores de hemoglobina comprendió condiciones socio-ambientales y características materno-infantiles que refuerzan la importancia de medidas que prioricen los niños de menor edad, de madres con menor nivel educacional y con prejuicios en su peso, estado de salud y condición nutricional de otros micronutrientes importantes en el crecimiento.
Abstract This study sought to identify the association between the concentration of hemoglobin and socio-environmental, maternal, biological-nutritional and health condition characteristics in preschool children; as well as the serum concentrations of zinc and retinol. It involved a cross-sectional study with 335 individuals, a representative sample of children enrolled in child day care centers in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba. In the 294 children studied, the adjusted model showed lower concentrations of hemoglobin when the house was not made of bricks; there was no sewerage system; no public garbage collection; no treatment of drinking water; maternal difficulties for reading, writing and making calculations; age between 9 - 24 months; weight/age < - 2 score Z and health problems in the last 15 days, as well as in cases of lower serum concentrations of zinc and retinol. The multicausality of lower hemoglobin levels included socio-environmental conditions and child-maternal characteristics that reinforce the importance of measures that prioritize the younger children of mothers with lower education levels and prejudiced in weight, health and nutritional status of other important micronutrients for growth.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Vitamin A , Zinc/blood , Nutritional Status , Mothers/statistics & numerical data , Body Weight , Brazil , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Child Day Care Centers , Health Status , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Educational StatusABSTRACT
Aims: The hospital environment can act as a reservoir for microorganisms, which in turn can contaminate a range of hospital equipment and survive for long periods of time. One of these environments the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), for the initial post partum period serving as a home for newborns of low birth weight and needing invasive procedures for administration of nutritional and medicinal substances, which makes the NICU a critical area for housing individuals with immune system. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic appearance of resistance of the Staphylococcus spp. compared to erythromycin and clindamycin, originating from isolated areas of a NICU in the city of Campina Grande - PB. Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a public hospital in the city of Campina Grande – PB, Brazil. Processing and Analysis of Samples: Clinical Analysis Laboratory of the State University of Paraíba, between August and October 2012. Methodology: Samples were collected from surfaces present at the NICU. The samples were identified and strains of Staphylococcus spp. were subjected to sensitivity, and to verify erythromycin-induced resistance the D-test was used, following the CLSI standards-M100-S22 (2012). Results: Bacterial strains from all surfaces analyzed were isolated, 59.02% of isolates belong to the genus Staphylococcus spp., representing 36 bacterial strains, of which 31 were subspecies Staphylococcus aureus and 5 were coagulase-negative staphylococcus (CoNS). There was found more than 70% resistance to the group of penicillins and more than 30% to methicillin. Among the 36 strains of Staphylococcus spp. 19.45% were resistant to erythromycin. The rate found for constitutive resistance to macrolides (MLSBc) was 5.56% and was observed induced resistance to the macrolide type (MLSBi) in 2.78% the strains. Conclusion: The resistotyping of isolated strains for inducible and constitutive resistance may be considered a test of substantial importance not only as an epidemiologic marker in view of analyzing possible dissemination of hospital strains, but with respect to adequate, and precise determination of the antibiotic treatment of neonates.
ABSTRACT
El presente estudio buscó analizar la asociación entre la (in)seguridad alimentaria y el estado nutricional de niños preescolares asistidos en jardines infantiles. La seguridad alimentaria fue evaluada a través de la Escala Brasileña de Inseguridad Alimentaria (EBIA). El estado nutricional se evaluó a través del peso/edad, talla/edad, hemoglobina, retinol sérico y zinc sérico. Fueron encontradas prevalencias de déficit de estatura (6,2%), déficit de peso/edad (2,1%), deficiencia de vitamina A (24,4%), anemia (15,5%) y deficiencia de zinc (15,0%). La inseguridad alimentaria familiar fue caracterizada en 64,2% de las familias predominando la forma leve (32,6%). El estudio concluye que la inseguridad alimentaria estimada por la EBIA no se asoció a los Escore-z de crecimiento ni a las concentraciones de retinol sérico, hemoglobina y zinc sérico.
This study sought to examine the association between the food (in)security and nutritional status of preschool children attended in daycare centers. Food security was assessed using the Brazilian Food Insecurity Scale. The nutritional status was evaluated using the weight/height, weight/age, height/age, hemoglobin, serum retinol and serum zinc status. The prevalence of stunting (6.2%), overweight (3.1%), underweight (2.1%), vitamin A deficiency (24.4%), anemia (15.5%), and zinc deficiency (15%) was established. Food insecurity was found in 64.4% of the families, predominantly in its mild form (32.6%). This study concludes that food insecurity as measured by the EBIA was not associated with Z-score growth or with vitamin A, hemoglobin and zinc biochemical concentrations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Food Supply , Growth , Hemoglobins/analysis , Nutritional Status , Vitamin A/blood , Zinc/blood , Body Height , Body Weight , Brazil , Cross-Sectional Studies , Deficiency Diseases/epidemiology , Hemoglobins/deficiency , Vitamin A Deficiency/epidemiology , Zinc/deficiencyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a relação entre os índices antropométricos e os níveis de retinol sérico em crianças menores de cinco anos do Estado da Paraíba. MÉTODOS: Estudo de corte transversal, de base populacional, envolvendo 1 205 crianças. O estado nutricional de vitamina A foi avaliado pelas concentrações séricas de retinol. O estado nutricional antropométrico foi avaliado utilizando-se os índices peso/altura e altura/idade. RESULTADOS: Crianças na faixa etária de 6 a 12 meses com deficit de altura apresentaram concentrações de retinol sérico significantemente inferiores quando comparadas às crianças sem deficit de altura (p=0,02). CONCLUSÃO: A associação observada entre deficit de altura e menores níveis de retinol sérico em crianças de menor faixa etária mostra a maior vulnerabilidade desse grupo para sofrer deficits vitamínicos e de crescimento...
OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the relationship between anthropometric indices and the serum retinol level of children under age five years from the State of Paraíba. METHODS: This cross-sectional, population-based study measured the serum retinol level of 1,205 children to determine their vitamin A status and assessed their weight-for-height and height-for-age to determine their nutritional status.RESULTS: Stunted children aged 6 to 12 months had lower serum retinol levels than normal-height children (p=0.02). (β=34.1; p=0.04), intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (β=7.5; p=0.04), intake of omega-3 fatty acids (β=74.3; p=0.05), and cholesterol intake (β=0.4; p=0.04) were predictors of birth weight.CONCLUSION: The association between stunting and low serum retinol levels in young children shows their greater vulnerability to vitamin and growth deficits...