Coronary artery bypass surgery in Brazil: analysis of the national reality through the bypass registry

Abstract Introduction: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most frequently performed heart surgery in Brazil. Recent international guidelines recommend that national societies establish a database on the practice and results of CABG. In anticipation of the recommendation, the BYPASS Registry was introduced in 2015. Objective: To analyze the profile, risk factors and outcomes of patients undergoing CABG in Brazil, as well as to examine the predominant surgical strategy, based on the data included in the BYPASS Registry. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 2292 patients undergoing CABG surgery and cataloged in the BYPASS Registry up to November 2018. Demographic data, clinical presentation, operative variables, and postoperative hospital outcomes were analyzed. Results: Patients referred to CABG in Brazil are predominantly male (71%), with prior myocardial infarction in 41.1% of cases, diabetes in 42.5%, and ejection fraction lower than 40% in 9.7%. The Heart Team indicated surgery in 32.9% of the cases. Most of the patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass (87%), and cardioplegia was the strategy of myocardial protection chosen in 95.2% of the cases. The left internal thoracic artery was used as a graft in 91% of the cases; the right internal thoracic artery, in 5.6%; and the radial artery in 1.1%. The saphenous vein graft was used in 84.1% of the patients, being the only graft employed in 7.7% of the patients. The median number of coronary vessels treated was 3. Operative mortality was 2.8%, and the incidence of cerebrovascular accident was 1.2%. Conclusion: CABG data in Brazil provided by the BYPASS Registry analysis are representative of our national reality and practice. This database constitutes an important reference for indications and comparisons of therapeutic procedures, as well as to propose subsequent models to improve patient safety and the quality of surgical practice in the country.

The brazilian registry of adult patient undergoing cardiovascular surgery, the bypass project: results of the first 1,722 patients

Abstract Objective: To report the early results of the BYPASS project - the Brazilian registrY of adult Patient undergoing cArdiovaScular Surgery - a national, observational, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up registry, aiming to chart a profile of patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery in Brazil, assessing the data harvested from the initial 1,722 patients. Methods: Data collection involved institutions throughout the whole country, comprising 17 centers in 4 regions: Southeast (8), Northeast (5), South (3), and Center-West (1). The study population consists of patients over 18 years of age, and the types of operations recorded were: coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), mitral valve, aortic valve (either conventional or transcatheter), surgical correction of atrial fibrillation, cardiac transplantation, mechanical circulatory support and congenital heart diseases in adults. Results: 83.1% of patients came from the public health system (SUS), 9.6% from the supplemental (private insurance) healthcare systems; and 7.3% from private (out-of -pocket) clinic. Male patients comprised 66%, 30% were diabetics, 46% had dyslipidemia, 28% previously sustained a myocardial infarction, and 9.4% underwent prior cardiovascular surgery. Patients underwent coronary artery bypass surgery were 54.1% and 31.5% to valve surgery, either isolated or combined. The overall postoperative mortality up to the 7th postoperative day was 4%; for CABG was 2.6%, and for valve operations, 4.4%. Conclusion: This first report outlines the consecution of the Brazilian surgical cardiac database, intended to serve primarily as a tool for providing information for clinical improvement and patient safety and constitute a basis for production of research protocols.

Tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas de ventrículo esquerdo e isquemia coronária / Surgical treatment of left ventricular aneurysm and ischaemic heart disease

Desde os primeiros relatos sobre aneurismectomia do ventrículo esquerdo, vários aspectos foram estabelecidos. Existem controvérsias relacionadas à técnica ideal de reconstruçäo ventricular, seus efeitos na morfolofia, funçäo ventricular, estado sintomático pós-operatório e sobrevida a longo prazo. Este estudo visa levantar a casuística do Serviço, observando as principais indicaçöes e tratamento cirúrgico, o estado sintomático pré e pós-operatório e a sobrevida imediata e tardia dos pacientes. Foram avaliados 12 portadores de aneurisma do ventrículo esquerdo, 9 masculinos, idade média de 60 anos, cujas principais indicaçöes cirúrgicas foram angina (58 por cento) e angina + insuficiência cardíaca (42 por cento). O cateterismo cardíaco demonstrou acinesia/discinesia segmentar em 92 por cento dos pacientes, aneurisma apical ou ântero-apical em 83 por cento e doença coronária obstrutiva em 100 por cento, acometendo 3 ou mais vasos em 75 por cento; a artéria interventricular anterior foi mais comprometida (29 por cento). A fraçäo de ejeçäo variou de 32 por cento a 66 por cento e o encurtamento percentual de 15 por cento a 36 por cento. Todos foram submetidos a revascularizaçäo do miocárdio, 9 sofreram aneurismectomia do ventrículo esquerdo, 7 com sutura linear e 2 com reconstruçäo geométrica. O tempo médio de circulaçäo extracorpórea e clampeamento aórtico foi 96 e 50 minutos para sutura linear e 180 e 86 para reconstruçäo geométrica. As principais intercorrências pós-operatórias foram síndrome de baixo débito cardíaco e fibrilaçäo atrial (16 por cento). A mortalidade hospitalar foi de 16 por cento. Os pacientes encontram-se com seguimento médio de 15 meses, sobrevida geral de 75 por cento; estäo livres de angina 89 por cento, aqueles operados por ICC estao em classe II. Esses fatores melhorando a qualidade de vida justificam a aneurismectomia.