ABSTRACT
Objective Sialic acid and its derivatives in mammalian cells mainly include N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) and deaminoneuraminic acid (KDN), among which Neu5Ac can be catalyzed by cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) for the synthesis of Neu5Gc. In this study, the transcriptional level of CMAH in different tissues of BALB/c mice were determined by relative fluorescence quantitative PCR, to provide a reference for further analysis of Neu5Gc levels in different tissues. Methods The mRNA sequence of CMAH was searched in the NCBI database and specific primers were designed. The mouse β-actin was selected as an internal control, and the transcriptional levels of CMAH in 9 different organ tissues of BALB/c mice were detected by relative fluorescence quantitative PCR using SYBR Green dye. Results Among the 9 mouse organs, the transcriptional level of CMAH in the liver tissue was the highest, which was 2. 46 times higher of that in the spleen, 3. 17 times of the kidney, 5. 14 times of the trachea, 11. 70 times of the lung, 21. 12 times of the myocardium, 31. 37 times of the skeletal muscles, 66. 90 times of the small intestine and 1056. 99 times of the brain tissue, respectively. Conclusions CMAH is transcribed in many organ tissues of mice, and its transcriptional levels vary in a quite wide range.
ABSTRACT
This paper described the extraction procedure of six extracts from Abutilon theophrasti Medic. leaves and evaluated antioxidant and antibacterial activity of different extracts by hydroxyl radical, DPPH radical scavenging, broth micro-dilution and agar-well diffusion methods. The six extracts were prepared by the two extraction procedures: [I] water was the extraction solvent; [II] 90% alcohol extract was extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in turn. Extract yields were 7.34%, 7.31%, 0.45%, 0.12%, 2.70% and 5.68% for extract I to VI. It was revealed that the various extracts had effective antibacterial activity against four test strains from Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 25923], Streptococcus [ATCC 49619], Escherichia coli [ATCC 25922] and Salmonella [ATCC 01303]; meanwhile, the six extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity, achieved by hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical scavenging assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations [MICs] for the bacterial species ranged from 2.21 to 539.46 mg/ml, diameter of inhibition zone ranged from 2.08 to 15.05mm. The scavenging ·OH and DPPH· rates were 62.37% to 81.86% with the concentration 0.06 to 1.89mg/ml and 37.80% to 81.23% with the concentration 1.07 to 35.52mg/ml. According to the results, these extracts have antioxidant and antibacterial activity. In view of all the facts collectively, the six extracts will become natural and nontoxic antioxidant and antibacterial agent, and be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries for the prevention or treatment caused by microorganisms and free radicals
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To optimize the preparation process of solid dispersions of ginkgolides to improve the drug dissolution.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The influence of formulation and preparation technology on drug release from solid dispersions was investigated by single factor test. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the solid dispersions of ginkgolides.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The solubilization efficiency of solid dispersions using PVP k30 as carrier was better than that taking poloxamer 188 or HPMC as matrix. The results of XRD and DSC showed that ginkgolides existed in solid dispersion at amorphous form or solvates form. The dissolution rate of ginkgolide B in solid dispersion was increased dramatically compared with raw material.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Solid dispersions could significantly improve solubility and dissolution rate of ginkgolides.</p>
Subject(s)
Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Ginkgolides , Chemistry , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Chemistry , Solubility , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
AIM: To study the dissolution of ginsenoside Rb1,cinnamic acid and borneol in traditional Chinese medicine Shexiang Baoxin Pill(Moschus,extract of Radix et Rhizoma ginseng,Calculus Bovis artifactus,Cortex Cinnamomi,Styrax,Venenum Bufonis and Borneolum syntheticum). METHODS: The in vitro dissolution of active components in Shexiang Baoxin Pill was performed with paddle method. HPLC was used for determination of ginsenoside Rb1 and cinnamic acid,and GC for borneol. RESULTS: The analytic method above was easy to carry out,the requirement of the specificity,accuracy,precision and stability could meet the needs of experiment well; the dissolution time T50 and Td of ginsenoside Rb1,cinnamic acid and borneol were 30. 90,33. 79 min,29. 73, 37. 11 min and 42. 38,48. 51 min respectively. CONCLUSION: The dissolution rate of three active components from Shexiang Baoxin Pills was fast and the analytic methods established in this study could be used to evaluate the quality of the preparation.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To optimize the parameters of processing for Arctium Lappa.METHODS: The contents of arctiin and arctigenin in Arctium Lappa were determined with HPLC,and the total yields of them were chosen as in-dex.The orthogonal test was adopted to acquire the optimum technology for processing Arctium Lappa.RESULTS: The study showed that the best processing parameters for Arctium Lappa consisted of 300 ℃ of the drying tempera-ture and 4-5 minutes of processing time.CONCLUSION: The processing method is reasonable,stable and reliable,and can be used in commercial production.
ABSTRACT
Objective To compare the differences between three kinds of reconstruction methods of the multi-planar spiral CT in diagnosing fractures of skull base , in order to appraise fractures of skull base in forensic medical examinations. Method 40 cases with suspicious basio-cranial fractures after cranio-cerebral trauma were examined by multi-planar spiral CT scanning. The data were imported into workstation for ax-ial scanning, multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and 3D-reconstruction (using SSD). Results In 24 cases with anterior fossa fractures, 9 cases were found by axial scanning, 24 cases by MPR, 9 by SSD. The comparison between these groups showed significant statistical difference (P