Non-invasive prenatal testing for the diagnosis of congenital abnormalities: Insights from a large multicenter study in southern China

Although non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) is widely used to detect fetal abnormalities, the results of NIPT vary by population, and data for the screening efficiency of NIPT positive predictive value (PPV) from different populations is limited. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the NIPT results in a large multicenter study involving 52,855 pregnant women. Depending on gestational age, amniotic fluid or umbilical cord blood was extracted for karyotype and/or chromosome microarray analysis (CMA) in NIPT-positive patients, and the PPV and follow-up data were evaluated to determine its clinical value. Among the 52,855 cases, 754 were NIPT-positive, with a positivity rate of 1.4%. Karyotype analysis and/or CMA confirmed 323 chromosomal abnormalities, with a PPV of 45.1%. PPV for trisomy 21 (T21), trisomy 18 (T18), trisomy 13 (T13), sex chromosomal aneuploidies (SCAs), and copy number variations (CNVs) were 78.9, 35.3, 22.2, 36.9, and 32.9%, respectively. The PPVs for T21, T18, and T13 increased with age, whereas the PPVs for SCAs and CNVs had little correlation with age. The PPV was significantly higher in patients with advanced age and abnormal ultrasound. The NIPT results are affected by population characteristics. NIPT had a high PPV for T21 and a low PPV for T13 and T18, and screening for SCAs and CNVs showed clinical significance in southern China.

Acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy based on data mining technology / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the acupoint selection rules of acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy by data mining technology.@*METHODS@#The literature regarding acupuncture and moxibustion for post-stroke epilepsy included in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed databases from the establishment of the database to August 1st 2022 was retrieved. Microsoft Excel 2019 software was used to establish a database to conduct the descriptive analysis of acupoints; SPSS Modeler 18.0 Apriori algorithm was used to conduct association rule analysis; high-frequency acupoint co-occurrence network diagrams were drawn by Cytoscape3.9.0 software; SPSS Statistics 25.0 software was used to perform hierarchical cluster analysis on high-frequency acupoints and a tree diagram was drawn.@*RESULTS@#Totally 39 articles were included, and 63 prescriptions of acupuncture and moxibustion were extracted, involving 56 acupoints, with a total frequency of 516 times; the top three acupoints with the highest frequency of use were Baihui (GV 20), Fenglong (ST 40) and Neiguan (PC 6); the selected meridians were mainly the governor vessel, the hand and foot yangming meridians; the selection of acupoints were mostly in the head, neck and lower limbs; in terms of acupoint compatibility, Hegu (LI 4)-Shuigou (GV 26) and Neiguan (PC 6) had the highest confidence degree; The top 20 high-frequency acupoints could be divided into 4 effective clusters.@*CONCLUSION@#Modern acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for post-stroke epilepsy attaches great importance to the use of yang meridians and meridians with enrich qi and blood; the core prescription is Shuigou (GV 26)-Neiguan (PC 6)-Hegu (LI 4)-Baihui (GV 20). In addition, the combination of distant and near acupoints is highly valued to improve clinical efficacy.

Hematological Neoplasms Secondary to Malignant Solid Tumors with Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy: a Clinical and Prognostic Analysis / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of therapy-related hematological neoplasms patients secondary to malignant solid tumors.@*METHODS@#The clinical features, treatment and prognosis of 36 hematological neoplasms patients secondary to malignant solid tumors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The 36 patients with therapy-related hematological neoplasms had a median age of 60 (47-81) years, 14 were male and 22 were female. Among them, 22 cases were acute myeloid leukemia, 5 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 4 cases were multiple myeloma, 3 cases were myelodysplastic syndrome, and 2 cases were non-hodgkin's lymphoma. The median latency of malignant tumor to hematological neoplasm was 42.5 (12-120) months. The median survival time of therapy-related hematological neoplasms was 10.5 (1-83) months, and the 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was 24.3%. The therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia patients had a very poor prognosis, with a median survival of 7 (1-83) months and a 3-year OS rate of 21.4%.@*CONCLUSION@#The prognosis of therapy-related hematological neoplasms secondary to malignant solid tumors with radiotherapy and chemotherapy is poor, and individualized treatment should be implemented according to the clinical situation of patients.

Mechanism of tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy for premature ovarian failure:a review / 中国中药杂志

Healthy birth and child development are the prerequisite for improving the overall quality of the population. However, premature ovarian failure(POF) threatens the reproductive health of women. The incidence of this disease has been on the rise, and it tends to occur in the young. The causes are complex, involving genetics, autoimmune, infectious and iatrogenic factors, but most of the causes remain unclear. At the moment, hormone replacement therapy and assisted reproductive technology are the main clinical approaches. According to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), kidney deficiency and blood stasis are one of the major causes of POF, and TCM with the effects of tonifying kidney and activating blood has a definite effect. Through clinical trials, TCM prescriptions for POF have excellent therapeutic effect as a result of multi-target regulation and slight toxicity. In particular, they have no obvious side effects. A large number of studies have shown that the kidney-tonifying and blood-activating TCM can regulate the neuroendocrine function of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, improve ovarian hemodynamics and microcirculation, reduce the apoptosis of granulosa cells, alleviate oxidative stress injury, and modulate immunologic balance. The mechanism is that it regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), transforming growth factor(TGF)-β/Smads, nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)/antioxidant response element(ARE), and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) signaling pathways. This article summarized the pathological mechanisms of tonifying kidney and activating blood TCM in the prevention and treatment of POF and explored the biological basis of its multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of this disease. As a result, this study is expected to serve as a reference for the treatment of POF with the tonifying kidney and activating blood therapy.

A case-control study of minimally invasive transforaminal interbody fusion with the assistance of robot and traditional fluoroscopy in the treatment of single-space lumbar disc herniation / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the safety and nail placement accuracy of fluoroscopy-assisted and robot-assisted minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MIS-TLIF) in the treatment of single-space lumbar disc herniation.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 52 patients with single-space lumbar disc herniation treated by MIS-TLIF from March 2019 to February 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 24 patients were treated by robot-assisted MIS-TLIF(group A) and 28 patients were treated by fluoroscopy-assisted MIS-TLIF (group B). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, intraoperative fluoroscopy times, preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale(VAS), Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) scores and operation-related complications were recorded in two groups. Gertzbein-Robbins grade according to CT scan was used to evaluate the nail placement after operation. Grade A and B were evaluated as satisfactory nail placement, and grade C, D, and E were evaluated as error placement. Babu's method was used to evaluate the screw's invasion to the superior articular process.@*RESULTS@#The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and intraoperative fluoroscopy times in group A were less than those in group B(P<0.05).VAS and JOA scores of all patients at the final follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before operation(P<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups(P>0.05). There were 96 and 112 screws in group A and group B, respectively. Three days after operation, according to the Gertzbein-Robbins grade to evaluate the nail placement accuracy, there were 90 screws of grade A, 5 of grade B, 1 of grade C, no grade D and E in group A;there were 84 screws of grade A, 16 of grade B, 8 of grade C, 4 of grade D, no grade E in group B;the difference between two groups was statistically significant(Z=-3.709, P=0.000). The satisfactory rate of screw placement in group A was 98.96% (95/96), and that of group B was 89.29% (100/112), the difference between two groups was statistically significant (χ2=8.254, P=0.004). Three days after operation, the invasion of superior facet joints by pedicle screws was evaluated according to Babu's method, including 90 screws in grade 0, 4 in grade 1, 2 in grade 2, and 0 in grade 3 in group A;86 in grade 0, 12 in grade 1, 10 in grade 2 and 4 in grade 3 in group B, and the difference was statistically significant(Z=-3.433, P=0.001). There were no serious spinal cord, nerve and vascular injuries and other operation-related complications caused by screw implantation failure in both groups. All patients were followed up from 6 to 12(9.06±1.60) months. The neurological symptoms improved well after operation. During the follow-up period, there was no recurrence of symptoms, loosening or breakage of the internal fixation.@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with the traditional fluoroscopy-assisted MIS-TLIF, the spinal robot-assisted MIS-TLIF not only has more minimally invasive and safer, but also has higher accuracy in nail placement, lower incidence of upper articular process invasion, and more accurate decompression targets, which can be used for minimally invasive treatment of single-space lumbar disc herniation.

Cognitive impairment in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a prospective study / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the difference in cognitive impairment between the children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and those with BECT or ADHD alone.@*METHODS@#A prospective study was performed on 80 children with BECT and ADHD, 91 children with BECT, and 70 children with ADHD , who were diagnosed with the diseases for the first time. Seventy children of the same age who underwent physical examination were enrolled as the healthy control group. Event-related potential P300, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, and integrated visual and auditory continuous performance test were used to measure and compare each index between groups.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the healthy control group, the BECT+ADHD group, the BECT group, and the ADHD group had a significantly prolonged P300 latency, a significant reduction in the amplitude of P300, and significant reductions in the scores of verbal comprehension index (VCI), perceptual reasoning index (PRI), working memory index (WMI), processing speed index (PSI), full scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), auditory response control quotient (ARCQ), visual response control quotient, full response control quotient (FRCQ), auditory attention quotient (AAQ), visual attention quotient, and full attention quotient (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Compared with the children with BECT or ADHD alone, the children with both BECT and ADHD have basically the same fields of cognitive impairment but a higher degree of cognitive impairment in some fields.

Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease: A Scoping Review / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the epidemiology, pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment of impulse control disorder after Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods:Studies related to Parkinson's disease complicated with impulse control disorder were retrieved using subject search from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang Data, until December, 2020, and supplemented by reference backtracking and manual retrieval. Results:A total of 2355 studies were returned first, and 30 were included, from ten countries, mainly published in journals about medicine, neurology, psychiatry, sleep medicine and movement disorders, etc., between 2010 and 2020. The researches mainly involved the pathogenesis, risk factors, screening and evaluation, diagnostic strategies and treatment. Conclusion:There are many risk factors for impulse control disorder in PD patients, mostly the dopaminergic drugs, especially dopamine receptor agonists. Interventions for impulse control disorders emphasize prevention and early identification. Individualized and symptomatic treatments based on adjustment of dopamine receptor agonists are needed.

Metabolism of New Psychoactive Substances 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA in Zebrafish / 法医学杂志

Objective To study the metabolic transformation pathways of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA in vivo by establishing zebrafish models. Methods Six adult zebrafish were randomly divided into blank control group and experimental group, with three fish in each group. After the zebrafish in the experimental group were exposed to 1 μg/mL 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA for 24 h, they were transferred to clean water and cleaned three times, then pretreated for instrumental analysis. The zebrafish in blank control group were not exposed to 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA. Mass spectrometry and structural analysis of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA and its metabolites were conducted by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry and Mass Frontier software. Results A total of twenty-six metabolites of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA were identified in zebrafish, including eighteen phase Ⅰ metabolites and eight phase Ⅱ metabolites. The main metabolic pathways of phase Ⅰ metabolites of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA in zebrafish were ester hydrolysis, N-dealkylation, oxidative defluorination and hydroxylation, while the main metabolic pathway of phase Ⅱ metabolites was glucuronidation. Conclusion Metabolite Md24 （ester hydrolysis） and Md25 （ester hydrolysis combined with dehydrogenation） would be recommended to be potentially good biomarkers for abuse of 4F-MDMB-BUTINACA.

Analysis Methods of Common Herbicides in Biological Material and Research Progress / 法医学杂志

Herbicides are a kind of chemical or biological agents that can effectively destroy or inhibit weed growth. Because of the widespread and frequent use of herbicides, herbicide poisonings have often been reported. At present, the main species reported to have caused poisoning are paraquat, diquat, glyphosate, and glufosinate. The main instrumental analysis method is LC-MS. This paper reviews the research progress on analysis methods of common herbicides in biological material and their application, summarizes the sample pretreatment and instrumental analysis situation of qualitative and quantitative analysis of herbicides in biological material, and collects test data of actual poisoning cases, to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and forensic identification of herbicide poisoning.

Medication rule of Chinese materia medica in treatment of pulmonary fibrosis based on data mining / 中草药

To explore the medication rule of Chinese materia medica (CMM) in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, and provide reference for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary fibrosis in the novel coronavirus pneumonia. Using Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 23.0, the literatures with the theme of “pulmonary fibrosis” that met the screening criteria were searched, and the association rule analysis was carried out. Frequency analysis showed that the occurrence frequency of Astragali Radix (148, 45.82%), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (124, 38.39%) and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (102, 31.58%) was the highest in the clinical treatment literature. In the statistics of nature and flavor, warm (10 times, 50.00%) and neutral (six times, 30.00%) were the most common. The highest frequency of meridian tropism was found in the spleen (11 times, 25.58%), lung (10 times, 23.26%) and sweet (11 times, 36.67%). In the analysis of association rules, six groups of TCM combinations with high frequency correlation strength were obtained. The high frequency and high correlation CMM combinations obtained from this data analysis were mainly effective in strengthening the spleen and invigorating qi, and warming the spleen and lung, which can be used to prevent the early patients from developing to the critical stage and prevent the patients from reinfection due to low immunity in the convalescence stage.

Identification of the iridoids of Hedyotis diffusa Willd and its mechanism on renal fibrosis based on network pharmacology / 药学学报

To identify the composition of iridoids from Hedyotis diffusa Willd and explore the mechanism on its anti-renal fibrosis effect based on network pharmacology, LC-Q/TOF-MS (liquid chromatograpy-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry) was used to analyze the iridoid ingredients and the related targets of renal fibrosis were obtained by DisGeNET database and MalaCards database. The potential targets were screened by SYBYL-X7.3 software. We then imported the identified ingredients and potential target genes into Cytoscape3.7.1 to construct the compound-target network and the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, the gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the selected core genes were made to explore the mechanism of iridoids against renal fibrosis. There were 10 active iridoid compounds and 111 corresponding targets including dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1), heparanase (HPSE), human kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), moesin (MSN), etc. in compound-target network. The GO functional enrichment analysis obtained 211 GO entries. Twenty related signal pathways including Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway, renal cell carcinoma signaling pathway, and the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of tran-ions (Jak-STAT) signaling pathway were selected by KEGG enrichment analysis. We preliminarily investigated the mechanism of the iridoid compounds on renal fibrosis to provide guide information for the subsequent experimental research and clinical application.

Urine Metabonomic Analysis of Interventions Effect of Soy Isoflavones on Rats Exposed to Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Objective@#Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant. As an endocrine disruptor, it seriously threatens human health and ecological environmental safety. This study examines the impact of intervention with soybean isoflavones (SIF) on DEHP-induced toxicity using a metabonomics approach.@*Methods@#Rats were randomly divided into control (H), SIF-treated (A, 86 mg/kg body weight), DEHP-treated (B, 68 mg/kg), and SIF plus DEHP-treated (D) groups. Rats were given SIF and DEHP daily through diet and gavage, respectively. After 30 d of treatment, rat urine was tested using UPLC/MS with multivariate analysis. Metabolic changes were also evaluated using biochemical assays.@*Results@#Metabolomics analyses revealed that p-cresol glucuronide, methyl hippuric acid, N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide, lysophosphatidycholine [18:2 (9Z, 12Z)] {lysoPC [18:2 (9Z, 12Z)]}, lysoPC (16:0), xanthosine, undecanedioic acid, and N6-acetyl-l-lysine were present at significantly different levels in control and treatment groups.@*Conclusion@#SIF supplementation partially protects rats from DEHP-induced metabolic abnormalities by regulating fatty acid metabolism, antioxidant defense system, amino acid metabolism, and is also involved in the protection of mitochondria.

Feasibility and safety of new simplified left bundle branch area pacing via nine-partition method / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) with the new simplified approach (nine-partition method). Methods: A total of 118 patients with clinical indications and received pacemaker implantation from December 1, 2018 to December 31, 2019 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were enrolled. LBBaP was performed with the nine-partition method (in the right anterior oblique 30° position, the ventriculogram was divided into nine partitions and the initial implant sites were located in the lower base 1/3 partitions). In X-ray image, the 3830 lead is located in the left bundle branch area, the unipolar pacing QRS wave is in the form of right bundle branch block, and the peak time from stimulation to left ventricular activation<90 ms is defined as successful operation. The clinical characters, such as the methods of venipuncture, electrode parameters, operation duration, fluoroscopy duration, the peak time from stimulation to left ventricular, pacemaker types, surgical success rate, complications, and immediate postoperative ECG parameters were collected. The patients were followed up after the operation, and the electrode parameters and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: This study is a retrospective study. There were 62 (52.5%) male patients in this cohort, the average age was (65.9±13.4) years old,and there were 49(41.5%) sick sinus syndrome, 6(5.1%) abnormal sinus node and atrioventricular node simultaneously, 63(53.4%) atrioventricular block, 26(22.0%) atrial fibrillation, 20(16.9%) cardiomyopathy; the baseline duration of QRS was (109.21±39.03) ms. Successful LBBaP was achieved in 109 patients with"nine-partition method"and the success rate was 92.4%; 104 patients (95.5%) were axillary vein puncture, 5 (4.6%) were subclavian vein puncture; the operation duration was (80.3±23.0) min, the fluoroscopy duration was (12.29±5.13) min; the QRS duration after LBBaP was (116.36±18.11) ms. The threshold of the left bundle branch (LBB) lead was (0.92±0.63) V, the R wave amplitude was (10.60±5.04) mV and the impedance was (798.71±194.90) Ω. In 1 V pacing, the peak time from stimulation to left ventricular activation was (67.91±12.15) ms, and in 5 V pacing was (67.52±12.45) ms; 1 case (0.9%) with a single-chamber pacemaker implanted, 106 cases (97.3%) with dual-chamber pacemaker and 2 cases (1.8%) with three-chamber pacemakers. There were no hematomas, pneumothorax, hemothorax, electrode dislocation, infection, and capsular hemorrhage and other serious surgery-related complications during the operation. A total of 97 patients (89.0%) were followed up for (6.21±2.90) months. The electrode parameters of all patients were stable and no complications observed. Conclusions: The LBBaP with nine-partition method is a simple, safe and effective physiological pacing approach. However, its long-term effect still needs to be further verified.

Effect of Qingjin Huatan Tang on COPD of Rat Inflammatory Response by Regulating Autophagy / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of Qingjin Huatan Tang (QJHTD) on the inflammatory response of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) rats by observing the autophagy regulating effect of QJHTD on COPD rats. Method: The 50 SPF grade male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 10 rats in each group. In addition to the normal group, the remaining 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 groups. After the establishment of the hematoxylin and eosin(HE) staining identification model, the drugs were given to the 5 groups by gavage for 2 weeks, high and low-dose QJHTD groups were give the drug at 30, 10 g·kg-1. Roxithromycin positive control group was given the drug at 0.017 5 g·kg-1. The model control group and the normal group were given the same volume of normal saline. At 1 h after the last gavage, the rats were put to death to extract the airway, and the expressions of autophagy microtuble-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3),Beclin-1 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR (Real-time PCR) and Western blot. Changes of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-8(IL-8) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Result: Real-time PCR analysis showed that compared with the normal group, Beclin-1 and LC3 mRNA expressions of autophagy factors in the model group were increased to varying degrees(PPPPPConclusion: QJHTD can alleviate the bronchial inflammation in COPD rats, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of autophagy in airway epithelium by QJHTD.

Erratum to: The treatment effect of novel hGHRH homodimer to male infertility hamster

The authors note that on page 637 (Author Name), author affiliation of Tao Liu “Tao Liu⁶” should instead appear as “Tao Liu⁵.”

Review for treatment effect and signaling pathway regulation of kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis / 中国中药杂志

The treatment effect and signaling pathway regulation effects of kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine on osteoporosis have been widely studied, but there is no systematic summary currently. This review comprehensively collected and analyzed the traditional Chinese medicines on the treatment and signaling pathway regulation of osteoporosis in recent ten years, such as Epimedii Folium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidii Fructus, Eucommiae Cortex, Psoraleae Fructus and Dipsaci Radix. Based on the existing findings, the following conclusions were obtained: ①kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine treated osteoporosis mainly through BMP-Smads, Wnt/-catenin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to promote osteoblast bone formation and through OPG/RANKL/ RANK, estrogen, CTSK signaling pathway to inhibit osteoclasts of bone resorption. Epimedii Folium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidii Fructus and Psoraleae Fructus up-regulated the expression of key proteins and genes of BMP-Smads and Wnt/-catenin signaling pathways to promote bone formation. Epimedii Folium, Drynariae Rhizoma, Cnidii Fructus, Eucommiae Cortex, Psoraleae Fructus and Dipsaci Radix inhibited the bone resorption by mediating the OPG/RANKL/RANK signaling pathway. ②Kidney-tonifying traditional Chinese medicine prevented and treated osteoporosis through a variety of ways: icariin in Epimedii Folium, naringin in Drynariae Rhizoma, osthole in Cnidii Fructus and psoralen in Psoraleae Fructus can regulate BMP-Smads, Wnt/-catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation, but also activate OPG/RANKL/RANK, CTSK and other signaling pathways to inhibit bone resorption. ③The crosstalk of the signaling pathways and the animal experiments of the traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis as well as their multi-target mechanism and comprehensive regulation need further clarification.

The treatment effect of novel hGHRH homodimer to male infertility hamster

Extra-hypothalamic growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) plays an important role in reproduction. To study the treatment effect of Grin (a novel hGHRH homodimer), the infertility models of 85 male Chinese hamsters were established by intraperitoneally injecting 20 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide once in a week for 5 weeks and the treatment with Grin or human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) as positive control was evaluated by performing a 3-week mating experiment. 2–8 mg/kg of Grin and 200 U/kg of hMG showed similar effect and different pathological characteristics. Compared to the single cyclophosphamide group (0%), the pregnancy rates (H-, M-, L-Grin 26.7, 30.8, 31.3%, and hMG 31.3%) showed significant difference, but there was no difference between the hMG and Grin groups. The single cyclophosphamide group presented loose tubules with pathologic vacuoles and significant TUNEL positive cells. Grin induced less weight of body or testis, compactly aligned tubules with little intra-lumens, whereas hMG caused more weight of body or testis, enlarging tubules with annular clearance. Grin presented a dose-dependent manner or cell differentiation-dependentincrease in testicular GHRH receptor, and did not impact the levels of blood and testicular GH, testosterone. Grin promotes fertility by proliferating and differentiating primitive cells through up-regulating testicular GHRH receptor without triggering GH secretion, which might solve the etiology of oligoasthenozoospermia.

Effect of percentage of enteral nutrition in the total energy and nutrition support for patients with traumatic brain injury / 肠外与肠内营养

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the proper percentage of EN in the total energy and nutrition support for critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury (TBIs). Methods: 94 cases were randomly divided into 3 groups according to the percentage of EN in the total energy: 100％ EN group in which patients received 100％ calories from EN; 75％ EN group in which patients received 75％ calories from EN, 25％ from PN; 50％ EN group in which patients received 50％ calories fromm EN, 50％ from PN. At baseline and follow-up on day 4, 7, 10, nutrition parameters, complete blood count and electrolytes as well as metabolic parameters including tests of liver and renal function were measured. Complications during treatment were recorded and the prognosis was finally judged. Results: Total protein and albumin were significantly higher in the 50％ EN and 75％ EN group on day 7 than in TEN group (P＜ 0. 05). There was significance difference found in complications between 75％EN and 50％EN group. A reduction in the length of stay in the hospital and expenses in the ICU for 10 days in the 75％ EN group (P ＜ 0. 05) was also observed. Conclusion: 75％ calories from EN in the total energy and nutrition support appeared to have great impact on management of critically ill patients with traumatic brain injury.

Effect of MiR-1264 on the proliferation and migration of Hep2 cell line / 医学研究生学报

Objective Previous study shows that the expression of mir-1264 is down-regulated in laryngeal carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-1264 on the biological function of laryngeal carcinoma Hep2 cells and verify whether miR-1264 could down-regulate the expression of tumor suppressor gene la-ryngeal carcinoma related gene 1(LCRG1)in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess the miR-1264 expression in human laryngeal cancer tissues. There are three groups in the experiment:miR-1264 mimic/inhibitor group,mimic/inhibitor NC group and untransfected group. MTT and Transwell were applied to observe the effect of miR-1264 on the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells. Luciferase experiment was used to verify the combination of miR-1264 and LCRG1 3'UTR.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to test the expression of miR-1264 and LCRG1 protein respectively. Results Compared with the adjacent laryngeal tissue,miR-1264 expression in human laryn-geal cancer tissues was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with NC control group and blank group,the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells were significantly enhanced after they were transiently transfected with miR-1264 mimic(P<0.05);however,after Hep2 cells were transiently transfected with miR-1264 inhibitor,their proliferation,migration and invasion ca-pabilities were significantly inhibited(P<0.05). Luciferase experiment showed miR-1264 mimic could significantly decrease LCRG1 3'UTR luciferase activity,which was of statistical significance. After the verification of successful transient transfection,the results of further Western blot on LCRG1 protein expression showed that there was no significant difference between the experimental group and the mimic NC control group as well as the blank group(P>0.05). Conclusion miR-1264 is highly expressed in laryngeal cancer tissues. Though miR-1264 may not participate in down-regulating the expression of tumor suppressor gene LCRG1 in laryngeal carcino-ma,it can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities of Hep2 cells.

Photochemical internalization and its application in gene delivery / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

The translation of gene therapy from bench to bedside depends on efficient intracellular gene delivery. The macromolecular biologics such as gene combined with vectors tend to enter into the cells by means of endocytosis, where the biologics may encounter the risk of degradation in endo-lysosome. Recently, photochemical internalization (PCI) has emerged as a promising technique to overcome endo-lysosomal sequestration, which utilizes photosensitizer and light resulting in reactive oxygen species at sub-lethal level to destruct biofilm and facilitate intracellular drug delivery. In this article, the mechanism of PCI technology and its development for gene delivery were reviewed, which can provide the scientific basis for the possible utilization of PCI to solve the problem of endo-lysosomal escape in gene delivery.