Survey and evaluation on innovation ability of undergraduates in military medical university / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective To investigate the innovation ability status of undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University,and put forward some effective suggestions.Methods A questionnaire was applied to survey the innovation ability status of undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University.A total of 210 valid questionnaires were collected.The questionnaires covered five aspects including undergraduate students' basic information,innovative consciousness,innovation thinking,innovation skills and basic knowledge.The results were assessed by using SPSS 19.0 statistical software for t-test or ANOVA of students from different grades,majors and academic years.Inspection level was α=0.05.Results The total score of innovation ability in undergraduates was (70.5 ± 8.2) point,and no significant difference was observed in the total score of undergraduates' innovation ability within different grades (P=0.435).However,the innovation thinking ability of undergraduates in Grade Four was significantly higher than that in Grade Two [(77.0 ± 10.7) vs.(72.6 ± 10.9),P=0.030)],and the score of basic knowledge of undergraduates in Grade One was significantly higher than that in Grade Four [(76.2 ± 6.0) vs.(69.3 ± 8.7),P=0.014)].The total score of innovation ability of undergraduates from clinical medicine was significantly higher that of undergraduates from preventive medicine and other majors [(72.5 ± 8.8) vs.(69.9 ± 7.5),P=0.035;(72.5 ± 8.8) vs.(66.7 ± 7.9),P=0.004].There were no significant differences in total score of innovation ability or score of any first level index of undergraduates between eight-and five-year system of preventive medicine (P＞0.05).Conclusion The overall innovation ability of undergraduates in military medical university was relatively high,and undergraduates from different grades,majors and academic years have their own special advantages in innovative consciousness,innovation thinking,innovation skills and basic knowledge,and it is necessary to carry out more researches focusing on educational and training mechanism of innovation ability according to the personality of undergraduates in military medical universities.

Expression of fatty acid synthase and its association with HER2 in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast / 中华病理学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expression of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in adenosis, atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of breast, and the correlation of FAS expression with HER2 gene amplification in IDC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemical EnVision method staining for FAS was performed in 100 cases of breast lesions and 10 normal breast tissues. HER2 gene amplification was detected with FISH in 60 cases of IDC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The cohort included 10 cases of adenosis, 10 atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, 20 DCIS (8 high-grade, 9 intermediated-grade and 3 low-grade), and 60 cases of IDC (5 grade 1, 40 grade 2 and 15 grade 3). FAS expression was negative in all 10 normal breast tissues; in the 10 cases of adenosis, strongly positive FAS expression was detected in one case, positive in 2, weakly positive in 4, and negative in 3; in the 10 cases of atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia, FAS immunohistochemistry showed that 1 was strongly positive, 4 positive, 4 weakly positive, and 1 negative; in the 20 cases of DCIS, FAS immunostaining showed that 12 were strongly positive, 5 positive, 1 weakly positive, and 2 negative; FAS expression showed a clear increasing trend from normal breast tissue, atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia to DCIS (χ(2) = 42.02, P < 0.01). Likewise, the increasing trend was also demonstrated from adenosis to DCIS (χ(2) = 34.69, P < 0.01). There was also a positive correlation between FAS expression and extent of lesion among normal breast tissue, adenosis, atypical ductal epithelial hyperplasia and DCIS (χ(2) = 86.02, P < 0.01; r = 0.568, P < 0.01). FAS expression was not correlated with the grade of DCIS (χ(2) = 9.12, P = 0.16). In the five cases of grade 1 IDC, FAS immunostaining showed that 4 cases were strongly positive and 1 positive; in the 40 cases of grade 2 IDC, FAS immunostaining showed that 27 strongly positive, 12 positive, and 1 negative; in the 15 cases of grade 3 IDC, FAS immunostaining showed that 6 were strongly positive, 5 positive, 3 weakly positive, and 1 negative; FAS expression was stronger and more extensive in DCIS, IDC grades 1 and 2 than that in other groups. However, FAS expression was weaker in the IDC grade 3 (χ(2) = 11.26, P = 0.01). The positive expression rate of FAS in IDC was generally higher than that in benign breast lesions (χ(2) = 47.19, P < 0.01). In the 60 cases of IDC, FISH showed HER2 gene amplification in 22 cases, but not in the remaining 38 cases. FAS expression in IDC was highly correlated with HER2 gene amplification (r = 0.44, P < 0.01). The expression of FAS had significant correlation with status of ER and PR and tumor size (P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation with age, immunohistochemical HER2 expression, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>FAS may be closely related to the carcinogenesis of breast IDC. FAS expression is closely associated with HER2 gene amplification in IDC.</p>

Application of instructional design in the teaching practice of Fundamental Toxicology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Instructional design is the process of creating and conducting teaching protocol as well as assessing the feasibility of the protocol through analyzing teaching problems and goals.The theory of instructional design was applied in the teaching practice of different conrses.Under the direction of instructional design theory,the preliminary experience was obtained and summarized in the teaching practice of Fundamental Toxicology for medical undergraduate,which centered on the curriculum standard,specific situation of teaching objects,normalization of teaching content and different levels of teaching targets.

Effect of hypoxia on the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel and its mechanism / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of hypoxia and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) on the expression of multidrug resistance gene-1 (mdr-1) and its coded p-glyeoprotein (P-gp) as well as the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of human ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel and its mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mRNA and protein levels of HIF-1alpha, mdr-1 and p-gp were studied by immunocytochemistry, semiquantitative reverse transcription-ploymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis in human ovarian cancer cells (A2780) in 5% CO2 + 1% O2 hypoxic culture and 21% O2 normoxic culture, respectively. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MIT) was used to evaluate the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of A2780 cells to paclitaxel by inhibition rate. RNA interference technique was used and small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) eukaryotic expression vector targeting HIF-1alpha was constructed as pSiHIF-1alpha, and transfected into A2780 cells. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect gene silencing effect on HIF-1alpha, the expressions of mdr-1 and p-gp. The inhibition rate was observed after HIF-1alpha gene silence.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>HIF-1alpha at both mRNA and protein levels was induced significantly under hypoxia. The HIF-1alpha expression at mRNA level was oxygen gradient-independent, while HIF-1alpha expression at protein level was oxygen gradient-dependent. The inhibition rate of paclitaxel to hypoxic A2780 cells in 5% CO2 + 1% O2 was significantly lower than that in normoxic A2780 cells (P <0.05). The shRNAs plasmid targeting HIF-1alpha was constructed successfully and HIF-1alpha gene was silenced in A2780 cells efficiently followed by mdr-1 and p-gp down-regulation. The inhibition rate was greatly increased in hypoxic A2780/siHIF-1alpha cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Hypoxia can decrease the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of human ovarian cancer A2780 cells to paclitaxel through HIF-1alpha regulating the expression of mdr-1 and p-gp.</p>

Cigarette smoke extract inhibits the proliferation of alveolar epithelial cells and induces apoptosis / 生理学报

Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) contains abundant oxidants and free radicals. Oxidative stress caused by cigarette smoking results in the destruction of the alveolar cell walls and emphysema. However, there exists discrepancy about how CSE works in the process. In the present study, we observed the effect of CSE on the cell growth of type II alveolar epithelial cell-derived A549 cell line, and provided molecular understanding of this effect. The MTT assay results showed that CSE decreased the cell viability of A549 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, and cell cycle was arrested in G(1)/S phase. Furthermore, CSE-induced apoptosis of A549 cells was verified by Hoechst 33258 staining, electron microscopy in morphology, and the appearance of DNA fragmentation and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) staining assay at molecular level. It was found that CSE treatment resulted in the upregulation of Fas/APO-1 receptor and activation of caspase-3. CSE also initiated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, which was detected by laser confocal microscopy. Taken together, CSE could inhibit the cell growth and induce apoptosis of A549 cells through Fas receptor pathway. Oxidative stress caused by CSE may be the radical factor leading to apoptosis as well as cell growth inhibition in alveolar epithelial cells.

Gene expression profiles in early stage of BALB/c 3T3 cells' transformation promoted with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To elucidate the potential molecular mechanism responsible for the early time of tumor promotion, gene expression profile was studied in the transformed BALB/c 3T3 cells induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The two-stage cell transformation model was established by using the initiator of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and promoter of TPA. Cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue staining and cell cycle analysis was carried out by flow cytometry assay. A cDNA microarray representing 1 152 genes was used to investigate the gene expression profiles of BALB/c 3T3 cells exposed to TPA at 4 h and 24 h respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>TPA could effectively inhibit cell proliferation and induce the G1 and S cell cycle arrested in the early time. Moreover 19 genes were found differentially expressed at least twofold in the TPA treated cells as compared with the control cells, 9 of them were upregulated and 10 downregulated. Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in cell proliferation, differentiation or apoptosis, and related to ras or p53 signal transduction pathway.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TPA could influence the transcriptional expression of some genes related to cell cycle modulation and ultimately result in the cell growth arrest.</p>

Effects of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids on cell cycle and time-dependent apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To study the effects of the cytotoxicity, cell cycle and time dependent apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch (THH) alkaloids so ad to explore the mechanisms of the apoptosis induced by the THH alkaloids. Methods Cell vitality and cell proliferation were measured by Typan blue staining. Cell cycle and the time dependent apoptosis were determined by DNA staining, TUNEL labeling and flow cytometry. Results THH alkaloids could effectively inhibit cell proliferation of Jurkat cells and induce the G 1 arrest and could induce apoptosis in G 2/S phase first and then G 1 phase. Conclusion THH alkaloids can inhibit DNA synthesis, cell proliferation and can also induce apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells in all phases.

Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids induce DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmentation in Jurkat T lymphoma cells / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effects of Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids on the nuclear DNA strand breaks and DNA fragmantation in Jurkat T lymphoma cells to understand the mechanisms of the apoptosis. Methods After Jurkat cells were induced by the alkaloids, DNA stand breaks were labeled by TUNEL assay and DNA fragmentation was analyzed by DNA content analysis. Flow cytometry was performed to determine these phenomena. Results THH alkaloids could effectively induce DNA stand breaks and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion There are great changes in nuclear DNA in the apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by THH alkaloids.

Role of [Ca~(2+)]i in the apoptosis of Jurkat T lymphoma cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the roles of [Ca 2+ ]i in the apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by Tripterygium Hypoglaucum (Levl) Hutch alkaloids. Methods After Jurkat cells were stained with Indo 1 AM and PI, changes of [Ca 2+ ]i were assessed by flow cytometry at the single cell level. Results THH alkaloids could induce no changes of [Ca 2+ ] inside cytoplasm. Conclusion THH alkaloids induce the apoptosis of Jurkat cells via other pathways rather than via the [Ca 2+ ] pathway.

Up-regulation of osteopontin gene in BALB/c 3T3 cells induced by tumor promoters of TPA,okadaic acid and cadmium chloride / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To explore the changes of osteopontin (OPN) gene expression induced by tumor promoter of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol13-acetate(TPA),okadaic acid(OA) or cadmium chloride(CdCl_(2)).Methods The two-stage transformation test of BALB/c 3T3 cells was established with MNNG as initiator,TPA,OA or CdCl_(2) as promoter respectively.Mouse toxicology gene chip was used to detect the gene expression of BALB/c 3T3 cells transformed with TPA,OA or CdCl_(2) respectively,and the expression of OPN gene was validated by real-time RT-PCR assay.Results TPA,OA or CdCl_(2) could increase the transcriptional expression of OPN gene in BALB/c 3T3 cells.The expression of OPN gene was up-regulated in the eight transformed cell colonies induced by TPA,OA or CdCl_(2) respectively.Moreover,the up-regulation of OPN gene expression was confirmed by real-time RTPCR assay.Conclusion The up-regulation of OPN gene expression is closely related to cell transformation of BALB/c 3T3 cells induced by TPA,OA or CdCl_(2).