ABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Conocer la prevalencia al nacimiento de los defectos del tubo neural en recién nacidos del Hospital de la Mujer, La Paz, Bolivia, período comprendido entre el año 2008 - 2017. DISEÑO METODOLÓGICO: Observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, retrospectivo. LUGAR: Hospital de la Mujer, a 3650 m.s.n.m. La Paz, Bolivia. MÉTODOS: Se examinaron los expedientes clínicos de todos los recién nacidos del Hospital de la Mujer, en período ya establecido. Para la detección de anomalías congénitas, se utilizaron libros de registro de nacimientos. Se ingresaron los datos a una base Excel, se procedió al análisis de los mismos a través del uso de la estadística descriptiva. RESULTADOS: Se recurrió a registros de 58120 expedientes de recién nacidos, se presentaron 1269 casos con Anomalías Congénitas (2.2%) con una prevalencia al Nacimiento (PN) de 21.83/10.000 RN (22.57/10.000 RN vivos). De dichos 1269 casos, 69 (5.44%) correspondieron a Defectos del Tubo Neural (DTN), con una PN de 11.87/10.000 RN (12.27/10.000 RN vivos), 59.42% DTN asociados al sexo masculino. El tipo de DTN más frecuente evidenciado fue Mielomeningocele (52.17%), y los DTN mortinatos representan el 17.39%. CONCLUSIONS: La llamativa diferencia encontrada, (en relación a la predilección por el sexo masculino), podría sugerir la presencia de una carga genética cuantitativamente mayor (propia de la población estudiada) en la etiología de los DTN en nuestro medio, ya que cuando las condiciones multifactoriales como los DTN afectan al sexo menos frecuentemente descrito, se puede asumir un peso mayor de los factores genéticos en relación a factores ambientales, siguiendo conceptos de heredabilidad y la teoría del umbral para este modo de herencia, sin embargo, somos conscientes que se requiere un tamaño de muestra mayor para arribar a conclusiones más certeras, dichos factores se adicionan al subregistro y posibles sesgos de registro evidenciados durante la realización del estudio.
OBJECTIVE: To know the prevalence at birth of neural tube defects in newborns at Hospital de La Mujer, La Paz, Bolivia, 3650 m.a.s.l, period between 2008 - 2017. PLACE: Women's Hospital, La Paz, Bolivia. METHODS: Observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective. The clinical records of all newborns were examined, in an already established period. For the detection of congenital anomalies, birth registration books were used. The data were entered into an Excel database, and analyzed through the use of descriptive statistics. RESULTS: 58120 newborn records were examined, 1269 cases with Congenital Anomalies (2.2%) with a prevalence at Birth (PB) of 21.83/10.000 RN (22.57/10.000 RN alive) were presented. Of these 1269 cases, 69 (5,44%) corresponded to Neural Tube Defects (NTD), with a PB of 11.87/10,000 RN (12.27/10,000 RN alive), 59.42% DTN associated with the male sex. The most frequent type of NTD evidenced was Myelomeningocele (52.17%), and stillborn DTNs represented 17.39%. CONCLUSIONS: The distinctive difference found (predilection of NTD for the male sex), could suggest the presence of a quantitatively greater genetic load (typical of the population studied) in the etiology of NTDs in our environment, since when multifactorial conditions affect the less frequently described sex, a greater weight of genetic factors can be assumed compared to environmental factors, following concepts of heritability and the threshold theory for this mode of inheritance; however, we are aware that a larger sample size is needed to arrive at more accurate conclusions, these factors are added to the underreporting and possible recording biases evidenced during the study.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Purpose: To determine the frequency of ocular squamous surface neoplasia associated with pterygium in an ophthalmology reference center in Central Mexico. Methods: We reviewed histopathological reports and slides of all patients who underwent pterygium surgery from 2014 to 2016 at the Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia in Queretaro (Mexico). Results: We studied 177 biopsy samples; 66% were from women, and the median age was 52 years. We found ocular squamous surface neoplasias in 11.29% (n=20) of the samples. One biopsy sample revealed a poorly differentiated keratinizing and infiltrating carcinoma. Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular squamous surface neoplasia in our region appears to be high. Countrywide studies are necessary to determine the true prevalence of ocular squamous surface neoplasia in Mexico and to examine related risk factors.
RESUMO Objetivo: Determinar a frequência de neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular associada ao pterígio com apresentação clínica, em um centro de referência em Oftalmologia da região central do México. Métodos: Revisamos os laudos histopatológicos e as lâminas de biópsia de todos os pacientes que foram submetidos à cirurgia de pterígio de 2014 a 2016 no Instituto Mexicano de Oftalmologia, na cidade de Querétaro. Resultados: Estudamos 177 amostras de biópsia; 66% eram de pacientes do sexo feminino, sendo a mediana da idade de 52 anos. Encontramos neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular em 11,29% (n=20). Uma amostra de biópsia mostrou um carcinoma queratinizante infiltrativo pouco diferenciado. Conclusões: A prevalência da neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular nessa região parece ser maior do que a indicada por outras pesquisas. Mais estudos de âmbito nacional são necessários para determinar a verdadeira prevalência da neoplasia escamosa da superfície ocular no México e examinar os fatores de risco relacionados.