Molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in 96 children with acute diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet, China / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the molecular epidemiological characteristics of the virus in children with acute viral diarrhea in Changdu of Tibet, China.@*METHODS@#Fecal specimens were collected from 96 children with acute diarrhea who visited the People's Hospital of Changdu, Tibet, from November 2018 to November 2020 and were tested for adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus. Gene sequencing was performed for the genotypes of these viruses.@*RESULTS@#The overall positive rate of the five viruses was 39% (37/96), among which astrovirus had the highest positive rate of 17%, followed by norovirus (9%), rotavirus (8%), adenovirus (7%), and sapovirus (5%). There was no significant difference in the positive rate of the five viruses among different age groups (P>0.05). Only the positive rate of astrovirus was significantly different among the four seasons (P<0.05). For adenovirus, 6 children had F41 type and 1 had C2 type; for norovirus, 6 had GⅠ.3 type, 1 had GⅠ.7 type, 1 had GⅡ.3 type, and 2 had GⅡ.4 Sydney_2012 type; HAstrV-1 type was observed in all children with astrovirus infection; for sapovirus, 1 child each had sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 sapovirus and 2 children had unknown type; 6 children had rotavirus G9[P8].@*CONCLUSIONS@#Astrovirus and norovirus are important pathogens in children with acute diarrhea in Changdu, Tibet. The positive rate of adenovirus, norovirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and rotavirus is not associated with age, and only the positive rate of astrovirus has obvious seasonality. F41 type is the dominant genotype of adenovirus; GⅠ.3 is the dominant genotype of norovirus; HAstrV-1 is the dominant genotype of astrovirus; sporadic GⅠ.2, GⅠ.6, and GⅡ.1 are the dominant genotypes of sapovirus; G9[P8] is the dominant genotype of rotavirus.

Clinical study on individual protection after 125I seed implantation for abdominal and pelvic tumors / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To study the radiation dose rate and effective dose in ambient environment due to 125I seed implantation in the treatment of the patients suffering abdominal and pelvic tumors, so as to provide reference for occupational protection of different groups. Methods:Within 24 hours after operation, the radiation dose rate to 42 patients with abdominal and pelvic tumor with 125I seed implantation was monitored by using pocket dosimeter. The relationships between the total activity in the implanted particles and the measured dose rate, as well as between the implanted depth and the dose rate under the standard activity, were obtained by curve fitting. According to the formula, the relationship between the dose rate and the warning time was calculated. Results:The dose rates at 30 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm of vertical particle implantation site were (6.92±2.87), (4.10±1.62) and (1.30±0.48) μSv/h, respectively ( χ2=73.71, P<0.05). The dose rates on the left and right sides were (0.378±0.156) and (0.384±0.153) μSv/h at 30 cm, (0.170±0.089) and (0.17±0.086) μSv/h at 50 cm, (0.039 ±0.014) and (0.043±0.017) μSv/h at 100 cm, respectively ( χ2=76.19, 76.33, P<0.05). There was a linear relationship between the dose rate at the vertical particle implantation site and the total activity in the implanted particles, and between the dose rate and the implantation depth under the standard activity. The relationship between the warning time and the dose rate to adults in the same bed, co-workers, minors in the same bed and pregnant women were as follows: t ( d)=-106.616+ 83.779ln D( t), t ( d)=26.556+ 85.933ln D ( t), t( d)=3.088+ 85.017ln D( t). Conclusions:After 125I seed implantation, the radiation dose in the ambient environment is low, ensuring the radiation safety; and the measured dose rate decreases with the decrease in the total activity in the implanted particle and the increase in the implantation depth; at the same time, the warning time for different groups is calculated according to the measured dose rate or the total activity in the implanted particle and the depth of the implanted particle, so as to carry out individualized protection.

Neutrophils mediate T lymphocyte function in septic mice via the CD80/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 signaling pathway / 中华危重病急救医学

Objective:To investigate the effect of neutrophils on T lymphocyte function in septic mice and the role of CD80/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signaling pathway in this modulated effects.Methods:① In vivo experiment: 6-8 weeks old male C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group (Sham group, n = 20), Sham+CTLA-4 antibody treatment group (Sham+aCTLA-4 group, n = 20), cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) induced sepsis model group (CLP group, n = 30) and CLP+CTLA-4 antibody treatment group (CLP+aCTLA-4 group, n = 30) according to the random number table. CLP was used to reproduce mouse sepsis model. The mice in the Sham group were treated identically but their cecums were neither punctured nor ligated. In CTLA-4 antibody treatment groups, 50 μg CTLA-4 antibody was injected intraperitoneally 6 hours and 24 hours after the operation. Forty-eight hours after operation, 6 mice in Sham group and Sham+aCTLA-4 group, 14 mice in CLP group and CLP+aCTLA-4 group were randomly selected to detect the expression of CD69 in spleen. At the same time, spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood were collected, and the expression of CD80 on neutrophils was detected by flow cytometry. The expression of CTLA-4 on the surface of T lymphocytes in spleen was detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The remaining mice in each group were used to observe the 96-hour survival after operation.② In vitro experiment 1: neutrophils were extracted from bone marrow of healthy mice and stimulated with LPS (1 mg/L) for 4, 8 and 12 hours respectively. The control group was added with the same amount of phosphate buffered saline (PBS) at each time point, and the expression of CD80 was detected at each time point.③ In vitro experiment 2: splenic T lymphocytes of healthy mice were extracted and divided into PBS control group, LPS group (final concentration of LPS 1 mg/L), neutrophil group and neutrophil+LPS group. In the latter two groups, the co-culture model of neutrophils and T lymphocytes was established, and then the corresponding treatment was given to detect the expression of CTLA-4 on the surface of T lymphocytes. With the above four groups as controls, CTLA-4 antibody treatment groups (final concentration of CTLA-4 antibody 50 mg/L) were set up respectively. After 48 hours, the level of interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the cell supernatant was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results:① Results of in vivo experiment: compared with Sham group, the expression of CD80 on neutrophils in spleen, bone marrow and peripheral blood was significantly up-regulated, while the expression of CTLA-4 on the surface of T lymphocytes was significantly increased [(9.98±0.84)% vs. (3.48±0.64)%, P < 0.05]. It suggested that neutrophils may affect T lymphocytes function through CD80/CTLA-4 pathway in sepsis. Compared with CLP group, CTLA-4 antibody could significantly improve the 96-hour cumulative survival rate of CLP mice (56.25% vs. 18.75%, P < 0.05), and increase the expression of CD69 on the surface of T lymphocytes. It suggested that CTLA-4 antibodies might increase T lymphocytes activation in sepsis and improve survival. ② Results of in vitro experiment: with the prolongation of LPS stimulation, the expression of CD80 on neutrophils gradually increased in time-dependent manner as compared with PBS control group [4 hours: (6.35±0.40)% vs. (3.41±0.40)%, 8 hours: (8.57±0.64)% vs. (3.09±0.27)%, 12 hours: (19.83±1.06)% vs. (5.16±0.36)%, all P < 0.05]. Compared with PBS control group, the expression of CTLA-4 on CD4 +/CD8 + T lymphocytes was not significantly affected by LPS stimulation alone, but CTLA-4 was increased after co-culture with neutrophils [CD4 +: (4.92±0.30)% vs. (3.33±0.25)%, CD8 +: (4.26±0.21)% vs. (2.53±0.66)%, both P < 0.05], and the increased trend of CTLA-4 was more obvious after co-culture with LPS-stimulated neutrophils [CD4 +: (6.34±0.50)% vs. (3.33±0.25)%, CD8 +: (6.21±0.41)% vs. (2.53±0.66)%, both P < 0.05]. In the PBS control group and LPS group, CTLA-4 antibody had no significant effect on IL-2 secretion of T lymphocytes. Compared with PBS control group, co-culture with neutrophils could inhibit the secretion of IL-2 by T lymphocytes (ng/L: 1 938.00±68.45 vs. 2 547.00±218.00, P < 0.05), and the inhibitory effect of neutrophils stimulated by LPS was more obvious (ng/L: 1 073.00±34.39 vs. 2 547.00±218.00, P < 0.05). CTLA-4 antibodies could partially restore IL-2 secretion. In conclusion, after promoting the expression of CTLA-4 on the surface of T lymphocytes, neutrophils might mediate the inhibition of T lymphocytes function by reducing the production of IL-2. Conclusions:Neutrophils mediate T lymphocytes dysfunction in sepsis, and the CD80/CTLA-4 pathway plays an important role. The CTLA-4 antibody improves survival and T lymphocytes function in sepsis mice, which may be a new method of immunotherapy for sepsis.

A comparative study on the prognosis of carcinoma of the head, uncinate process and neck of the pancreas after pancreatoduodenectomy / 中华普通外科杂志

Objective:To compare the prognosis of pancreatic head cancer, uncinate process cancer and pancreatic neck cancer patients after undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods:The clinical data and follow-up data of 71 pancreatic cancer patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were analyzed retrospectively, Kaplan Meier method was used to compare the survival of postoperative patients. COX proportional risk model was used to analyze the survival of three groups of tumor.Results:In pancreatic cancer patients, uncinate process cancer and pancreatic neck cancer had more frequent vascular invasion, higher lymph node metastasis rate and lower R 0 resection rate than pancreatic head cancer (all P<0.05). Multivariate COX suggested that vascular invasion ( P=0.018), lymph node metastasis ( P=0.001), tumor site ( P=0.022 in uncinate process, P=0.000 in pancreatic neck) and R 0 resection ( P=0.000) were independent risk factors for prognosis. For pancreatic head cancer the 1-year recurrence rate was 43.8%, 3-year survival rate was 28.1%, median survival time was 20.0 months (95% CI 15.565-24.435). For uncinate process cancer 1-year recurrence rate was 61.5%, 3-year survival rate was 15.4%, median survival time was 14.0 months (95% CI 9.003-18.997) respectively.That was 69.2%, 7.7% and 10.0 months (95% CI 5.303-14.697) respectively for pancreatic neck cancer. Conclusion:Compared with pancreatic head cancer, uncinate process cancer and pancreatic neck cancer are associated with poorer prognosis because of frequent early vascular invasion, low R 0 resection rate and early local recurrence.

Effect of forsythin in inhibiting renal cell carcinoma via PI3K/Akt signaling pathway / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of forsythin in inhibiting the growth, migration and invasion of human renal cancer cells (786-0). Methods Human renal cancer cells (786-0) were cultured in vitro, and different concentrations of forsythin were added. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay, cell apoptosis was detected by AO/EB assay, cell migration and invasion abilities were respectively investigated by wound healing and transwell migration assays. The expression levels of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, FOXO3a, p-FOXO3a, p21, p27, Fasl, Bim, MMP-2, and MMP-9 were detected by Western bloting. Results:In 786-0 cells, forsythin effectively inhibited the growth of renal cancer cells, promoted apoptosis, interfered with cell cycle, and upregulated expression levels of p21, p27, Fasl, and Bim, when compared with control group (P < 0.05, 0.01); Compared with the control group, different concentrations of forsythin can significantly inhibit the migration and invasion of renal cancer cells, and reduce the synthesis of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (P < 0.05, 0.01). Meanwhile, forsythin can significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of PI3K, Akt and FOXO3a in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Forsythin can regulate apoptosis and cell cycle, and inhibit the growth of renal cancer cells by down-regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. At the same time, forsythin can effectively inhibit the ability of renal cell migration and invasion through the PI3K/Akt pathway.

Serum phosphorus variation is associated with mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum phosphorus variability and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 502 MHD cases from Renji hospital hemodialysis center were registered in Shanghai Registry Network from January 2007 to April 2015. They were recruited with general information, laboratory results and outcomes. According to their median of coefficient of variation (CV) of blood phosphorus, the patients were divided into high variation group (CV≥0.226 mmol/L) and low variation group (CV60 years of age (HR=2.762, 95%CI 1.707?4.468, P60 years of age (HR=2.666, 95%CI 1.469?4.837, P=0.001), low hemoglobin (HR=0.480, 95%CI 0.238?0.801, P=0.005), and high CV of phosphorus (HR=1.655, 95%CI 1.003?2.729, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality. There was no significant statistical difference between patients phosphorus on target and patients phosphorus below target in all?cause disease mortality (P=0.065) and cardiovascular disease mortality (P=0.425). High variation group whose phosphorus on target had higher all?cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality than those in low variation group (29.2% vs 16.9%, P=0.047; 15.0% vs 6.0%, P=0.033). Kaplan?Meier method showed that patients with high phosphorus variation had higher all?cause (P=0.023) and cardiovascular disease mortality (P=0.047) than patients with low phosphorus variation. Conclusions The high CV of phosphorus is independently correlated with all?cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Patients with standard ? reaching phosphorus in the low variation group have a lower mortality. A serum phosphorus level sustainably reaching the standard may improve the survival in MHD patients.

The effect of small doses of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia and comfort after colorectal cancer radical operation in elderly patients / 中国基层医药

Objective To observe the effect of small doses of dexmedetomidine on postoperative analgesia and comfort after colorectal cancer radical operation in elderly patients .Methods 60 cases of elderly patients for elective colorectal cancer resection ,ASAⅠ~Ⅱgrade anesthesia were selected .According to randomly digital table , they were divided into the dexmedetomidine given group ( group D) and control group ( group C),30 cases in each group.The patients of group D was given to 0.5μg/kg dexmedetomidine for induction of anesthesia infusion , 15minutes bolus injection was completed ,intraoperative maintain 0.2μg· kg-1 · h-1 dexmedetomidine fixed to the front end of surgery 10 min.And group C was given to infusion of 0.9%sodium chloride injection in the same capacity . The operation time, amount of fentanyl using , comfort and VAS scores were recorded within 24h, maintain VAS score≤3 points.When VAS score>3 points,the pressing PCA was given ,and the number of times of pressing the PCIA was recorded.The adverse reactions occurred within 24h such as nausea and vomiting were also recorded . Results In the two groups,the results of postoperative analgesia were good ,but the VAS score of group D at each time of PCA point were less than those of group C (tend of surgery =5.99,tafter operation 2h =4.76,tafter operation 4h =4.08,all P<0.01).The Bruggrmann comfort score of group D were greater than those of group C (tend of surgery =9.86,tafter operation 2h =4.91,tafter operation 4h =6.84,all P<0.01).The incidence of adverse reactions of group D was 13.30%,which was less than 26.67%of group C(χ2 =4.32,P<0.05).Conclusion Small doses of dexmedetomidine given to improve the analgesic effect in elderly patients with colorectal cancer cure can improve comfort and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions ,and has a role in reducing postoperative nausea and vomiting .

Radiation safety and protection of close contacts from radiators after implantation of radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To study the effective dose and precaution time of the irradiation of the close contact from the radiators who underwent implantation of radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds so as to guide scientifically people how to avoid radiation damage.Methods Twenty patients with different types of cancer underwent implantation of radioactive 125Ⅰ seeds with the median value of implantation depth of 2.16 cm.Within 24hs after the operations the dose rates 30 cm and 100 cm from the skin were measured with pocket-size radiometer so as to imitate the situations of the close contacts.The effective doses and precaution times of different persons were calculated according to relevant formula.Results The dose rate a person received at the same time points (1,54,78,and 109 d,respectively) decreased along with the increase of the distance from the skin (t =5.962,5.961,5.961,5.962,P ＜ 0.05).and the dose rate a person received at the same distance from the skin decreased along with the extension of time (30 cm:t =6.236,6.236,6.235,P＜0.05;100 cm:t=7.310,7.315,7.314,P＜0.05).At different time points,the dose rates at 30 cm distance point were all significant higher than those at the 100 cm point (P ＜0.05).The adult living together,minors and pregnant women sharing the room,colleagues,adults who slept together with the patients began to reach the 50％ dose constraint values 0,54,78 and 109 days after the operation.Conclusions After their precaution time,it's safe to contact with the patients for the groups;otherwise,it's necessary to take some protect works within the precaution time.

A new type of emergency trauma fracture external fixator--the development of spraying dextran-based polyurethane external splints / 中国医疗器械杂志

A new production method of spraying dextran-based polyurethane external splints is introduced in this paper. The main raw material components are polymethylene polyisocyanate (PAPI), mixed with surfactants, acetone, soluble starch, catalyst, and so on. The splint is used for temporary fixing after fracture, with small size, light weight, easy portability, fine air perviousness, completely transparent to the X-ray. It also needs a shorter fixed operating time. It can not only fix quickly and effectively the vertebral column and limbs, but also significantly shorten the time of pre-hospital care.

Reflection on the construction of virtual laboratory platform for molecular biology teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Molecular biology is the fundamental course of life science,and its experimental teaching is difficult to offer due to its long process and need of expensive equipments.Virtual laboratory platform is an important approach for practice teaching in recent years.This article discussed the advantages and requirements,provided the experience of its applying at our university,and suggested that virtual laboratory platform can play a key role in molecular biology experimental teaching.

Development of the Portable Device for Spacesuit Ventilation and Heat-regulation / 航天医学与医学工程

Objective To develop a portable ventilation device to cool and dehumidify for the astronauts who work or move dressed in spacesuit in the atmospheric environment on the ground.Methods Based on the requirement which the astronauts need when they are dressed in spacesuit on the ground,the overall design project has been brought forward,which expounds the design scheme of DC brushless centrifugal fan,power supply,regulation of blowing rate,intelligent monitor on system parameters,organic light-emitting diode(OLED)display,device configuration,software,and so on.Results The portable device for spacesuit ventilation and heat-regulation,which has been developed,can work stably and safely.It has convenient operation mode and practical human-machine interface.Meanwhile,the device has compact configuration.It is light and portable.Conclusion The portable device for spacesuit ventilation and heat-regulation carry out the portable ventilation and heat-regulation for the astronauts of China dressed in spacesuit dress for the first time.It also fulfils the spacesuit dryness after use and usual maintenance.

Discussion on Running Cost of PACS / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To discuss the running cost and the upgrade of picture archiving and communication system(PACS).Methods More than ten million yuan were invested into radiology department to set up PACS,which was put into use in November,2004.Archiving and communication of digital images from MRI,CT,DR,CR,DSA,RF were realized.Communication between RIS and worklist were also implemented.Results PACS not only facilitates medical treatment,teaching and scientific research,but promotes the development of Medical Imageology and enhances the diagnosis and treatment level.But replacement of disc-carving machine and supplement of pack of compact disc made cost increase fast.Conclusion As memory,tower of compact disc is so cost that it should be optimized.

Re-evaluation of marketed chemical drugs and biological products of therapeutic - a systematic review of literature / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the current status on re-evaluation of marketed drug in China since the promulgation of drug law in 1985.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Review of literature on Chinese pharmaceutical abstract and CBMdisc from 1985 to 2001 year was done.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>4029 papers and 855 marketed drugs from 1985 to 2001 were included. Drugs on anti-infection agent, cardiovascular system and digestive system were the main drugs being re-evaluated, with the proportions of 27.1%, 20.1% and 11.1% respectively. The amounts of both marketed drugs and literature were increasing year by year. The method used for re-evaluation were random and non-random clinical trial. 41.4% of all the samples had a sample size of 50 - 100 research subjects. There were 13 papers with more than 5000 samples. The level on evidence based literature was assessed. 44 papers were graded as first class, and 182 papers the second, 2466 papers the third and 1337 papers the fourth. The quality of literature was improved year by year.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The amount, quality as well as the sample size of literature being re-evaluated on marketed drug were increased from 1985 to 2001. However, the design and evaluation of those trials were not standardized.</p>

Investigation on 3.0T Supraconduction Magnetic Resonance Installation / 医疗卫生装备

Installation process of 3.0T supraconduction magnetic resonance imaging system is explained. The problem of site selection, site preparation, shielding grogram, CW system, air conditioning system is solved and supraconduction magnetic resonance can be operated effectively in an ordinary way.

Paracentesis using jugular vein indwelling catheter for simple renal cysts / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To investigate the efficacy of paracentesis using jugular vein indwelling catheter (Angiocath) in the treatment of simple renal cysts. Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 61 patients with simple renal cyst treated by Angiocath paracentesis combined with sclerosing agent injection under the guidance of ultrasonography. Results Fifty-two patients were cured on one session, while a recurrence was seen in 9 patients, among which 6 patients were cured by a re-paracentesis and 3 frequently recurrent patients were cured by the unroofing operation. No complications occurred except for 3 cases of mild transient hematuria. Conclusions Paracentesis using Angiocath in the treatment of simple renal cysts is minimally invasive, safe, effective and economical.

Application of ureteral grasping forceps in ureteroscopic operations / 中国微创外科杂志

Objective To study the clinical application of ureteral grasping forceps in ureteroscopic operations. Methods A total of 74 cases treated under ureteroscope by using ureteral grasping forceps from April 2001 to July 2003 in this hospital was retrospectively analyzed. There were 25 cases of polyp resection and pneumatic lithotrity, 21 cases of rigid guidance through ureteral retortion, 19 cases of ureteral stricture dilation and ureteroscopic lithotrity, 3 cases of whole ureteral membranous obstruction, 3 cases of ascending shift of double “J” tube, 2 cases of intraoperative biopsy,4 cases of removal of double “J” tube with urethral stricture,and 2 cases of pneumatic lithotrity. Results The procedures were successfully accomplished in 69 cases.A conversion to open operation was required because of malfunction of ureteral grasping forceps in 1 case, and ureteral perforation occurred in 4 cases. Conclusions Ureteral grasping forceps is indispensable in ureteroscopic operations, which should be skillfully operated.

Influence of the surgical glue on anastomosis scar formation after bilioenterostomy / 中国普通外科杂志

Objective To study the influence of the surgical glue on anastomosis scar formation after bilioenterostomy Methods Seventy-two hybrid canines were randomly assigned into group A (OB glue plus persistent T tube stent ), group B (OB glue plus T tube drawn out at different postoperative time), group C ( FG plus persistent T tube stent ) and group D (FG plus T tube drawn out at different postoperative time). The surgical glue (OB glue or FG) was used instead of silk thread in biliointestinal Roux-en-Y anastomosis, and T tube was placed as indwelling stent. The collagen content (BCC) of anastomotic specimen was measured in 3 weeks and 3 , 6 , 9 ,12 months after the operation. Results Three months after the operation, BCC in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P0.05). Conclusions The surgical glue can promote anastomosis healing with less scar formation, and accelerate scar softening and maturation, which suggests that surgical glue should be effective in the prevention of anastomotic stricture.