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Objective:To investigate early postoperative psychological pain in patients with esophageal cancer and analyze its influential factors, providing evidence for developing accurate psychological management plan during the perioperative period of esophageal cancer.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on the demographic data, disease data, and psychological pain screening management tool (Distress Management Screening Measurement of patients with esophageal cancer who received treatment in Chifeng Municipal Hospital between January 2019 and January 2021 with a self-designed general data questionnaire.Results:The average score of the distress thermometer was 4.5 ± 0.8 points among the 106 patients with esophageal cancer in the early postoperative stage. DT score was < 4 points in 40 patients (37.7%) and it was ≥ 4 points in 66 patients (62.3%). Univariate analysis revealed that in the general data questionnaire, education level, hospital expense, smoking history, and operation methods were the influential factors of early postoperative esophageal cancer ( χ2 = 7.87, 9.56, 12.65, 7.03, all P < 0.05). In the list of psychological pain-related problems, fatigue, depression, pain, sleep, breathing, eating, and child care were the influential factors of early postoperative physiological pain in patients with esophageal cancer ( χ2 = 48.18, 64.19, 42.17, 27.14, 36.13, 35.01, 8.01, all P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that in the general data questionnaire, education level, hospital expense, smoking history, and operation methods were the influential factors of early postoperative esophageal cancer ( χ2 = 14.71, 8.31, 13.56, 6.47, all P < 0.05). In the list of psychological pain-related problems, fatigue, depression, pain, breathing, and eating were the influential factors of early postoperative physiological pain in patients with esophageal cancer ( χ2 = 5.45, 3.91, 4.89, 3.96, 4.00, all P < 0.05). Conclusion:The incidence of early postoperative psychological pain is high in patients with esophageal cancer. The main influential factor of psychological factors are physical problems, while the influential factors emotional problems, education level, hospital expense, smoking history, and operation methods cannot be ignored.
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【Objective】 To compare the macrolide resistance, molecular characteristics and multilocus antigen sequence typing (MAST) of Bordetella pertussis (Bp) collected from Xi’an and Shanghai so as to provide reference for prevention of pertussis and optimize vaccination strategies. 【Methods】 Erythromycin, azithromycin and clarithromycin susceptibility of clinical isolates collected from Xi’an and Shanghai during 2018 and 2019 were determined by E-test. PCR was used to detect the drug-resistant genes and mutation sites. MAST was employed to do molecular typing for the strains. The differences in macrolide resistance and MAST types between Xi’an and Shanghai were compared. 【Results】 Totally 34 strains from Xi’an and 26 strains from Shanghai were isolated. There were differences between Xi’an and Shanghai in the macrolide resistance (χ2=13.650, P<0.001). The composition ratio of MAST types of pertussis strains was also different between Xi’an and Shanghai (χ2=18.642, P<0.001) in that the prn1/ptxP1/ptxA1/fim3-1/fim2-1 strains dominated in Xi’an, while the prn1/ptxP1/ptxA1/fim3-1/fim2-1 and prn2/ptxP3/ptxA1/fim3-1/fim2-1 were almost half and half in Shanghai. A2047G site mutation was detected in all the macrolide-resistant strains, but not in all sensitive strains. Methylase genes ermA and ermB were detected in some macrolide-resistant strains. No other macrolide-resistant genes were found in resistant strains and no mutation or drug resistance gene was found in all the susceptible strains. 【Conclusion】 Differences existed between Xi’an and Shanghai in the macrolide resistance and MAST types of Bordetella pertussis strains. Further monitoring of Bordetella pertussis in China is required to better understand the resistance and evolution of the pathogen.
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Objective:To use the high performance liquid chromatography method to determine the content of formononetin in Jinji Pills and by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry,method to determine the harmful elements of heavy metal in Jinji Pills in orer to provide the scientific foundation for improving its quality standards and safety evaluation. Methods:Use Waters XBridge? C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm), set mobile phase at acetonitrile-1% phosphoric acid solution (27:73), flow rate 1.0 ml/min, column temperature 30 ℃, detection wavelength 249 nm, column temperature 30 ℃; Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was detected by graphite furnace method; arsenic (As) was detected by cold steam series graphite furnace method; copper (Cu) was detected by flame method; mercury (Hg) was detected by cold steam method.Results:The formononetin had a good linear relationship between 0.02-2.01 μg, the recovery rate was 98.5%, RSD was 1.53%. Lead (Pb) recovery rate was 103.6%, cadmium (Cd) recovery rate was 95.7%, arsenic (As) recovery rate was 92.4%, mercury (Hg) recovery rate was 104.9%, copper (Cu) recovery rate was 112.5%. Conclusion:This method is of accuracy, specificity, high sensitivity and good reproducibility, which could provide strong evidence for quality improvement and safety use of Jinji pill.
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Objective:To explore the characteristics of local brain neural activity in post stroke aphasia (PSA) patients in different frequency bands and the relationship between Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) scores and specific frequency bands. Methods:From March, 2015 to May, 2018, 15 PSA patients, and 15 healthy adults as controls matched for age, gender and education were recruited. They were assessed with WAB and scaned with resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (fALFF) on the frequency bands of 0.01-0.08 Hz, 0.027-0.073 Hz, and 0.01-0.027 Hz were calculated. The ALFF and fALFF in different frequency bands were extracted and the correlation with the WAB scores in the patients were analyzed. Results:On 0.01-0.08 Hz, ALFF increased in the right precentral gyrus in the patients. On 0.027-0.073 Hz, ALFF increased values in the right precentral gyrus, and fALFF decreased in the right cerebellar Crus2 region; fALFF in the right cerebellar Crus2 region negatively correlated with the scores of information content (r = -0.576, P = 0.025), auditory comprehension (r = -0.658, P = 0.008), repetition (r = -0.616, P = 0.014) and aphasia quotient (r = -0.611, P = 0.016) of WAB. On 0.01-0.027 Hz, the fALFF decreased in the left inferior parietal limbic gyrus, and positively correlated with the scores of information content (r = 0.538, P = 0.039) and aphasia quotient (r = 0.526, P = 0.044). Conclusion:Resting-state fALFF abnormalities in PSA patients are frequency-dependent, which associate with some frequency-specific neurofunctional alterations.
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Objective:To develop a patient-reported outcomes (PRO) scale for post-stroke aphasia based on the Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) holism. Methods:Referring to the TCM holism, the theoretical model was established following the standard process for the development of the PRO scale. An item pool was established and optimized with case review, patient interview, expert questionnaire survey and consensus conference. The PRO scale was established finally. Results:A pool of post-stroke aphasia items based on the holistic view of TCM was constructed in the physical, psychological and social model. The Expert Comment Form for the PRO Scale for Aphasia after Stroke was formed after sorting out the item pool. After expert surveys and meeting discussion, 40 items were finally selected to form the first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM. Conclusion:The first version of Patient-reported Outcomes Scale for Post-stroke Aphasia-TCM has been developed based on the TCM holism and the concept of PRO, which can be evaluated clinically.
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Objective To investigate the indoor air quality in urban and rural areas in Xi'an, to analyze the relationship between indoor pollutants and living habits, and to study the impact of pollutants on health, so as to provide reference for improving indoor environment. Methods Through random cluster sampling, 29 families from rural areas and 53 families from urban areas were selected from Xi'an. Data was collected by questionnaire survey and on-site environmental sampling. Non-parametric test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results Overall, the values of CO, NO2, toluene and xylene in Xi'an were far lower than the national standards. The medians of CO2, PM2.5, PM10, and formaldehyde were 0.1%, 44.5 μg/m3, 51.5 μg/m3, and 34.5 μg/m3, respectively. The differences in the values of CO, NO2, formaldehyde, toluene and xylene in urban and rural areas were statistically significant (P2 were higher in families with humidifiers and potted plants (P2 were higher in families with pets (P10, CO, and NO2 were significantly correlated with children's sleep duration and colds (P<0.05). Conclusion The indoor air pollution in urban areas is higher than that in rural areas in Xi'an. It is suggested that residents should be cautious about the use of humidifiers, planting potted plants, and keeping pets, to reduce indoor air pollution and improve their health.
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【Objective】 To describe the current situation of sleep duration and living environment of school-aged children so as to analyze the effects of the living environment on sleep duration comprehensively and provide advice for improving children’s sleep duration. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling, 82 families were selected from 1 rural and 2 urban areas in Xi’an. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and environmental sampling. Proportion was used for statistical description, and factor analysis and pathway analysis were used for statistical analysis. 【Results】 50.0% of the school-aged children in Xi’an slept less than 8 hours. Pollution was mainly caused by lower humidity, CO2, temperature, PM10 and aerobic bacterial count, their standard-exceeding rates being 26.8%, 21.3%, 5.5%, 4.3% and 1.8%, respectively. The results of path analysis showed that the influencing factors were as follows in a descending order: strong night light (1.031), presence of the computer (0.549), pressure (0.444), pets (0.408), distance from the driveway (-0.390), humidifier (-0.219), potted plants (0.138), indoor environment factors (0.098), and the floor level (0.039). 【Conclusion】 The sleep duration of school-aged children in Xi’an is relatively inadequate. More attention should be paid to indoor humidity, CO2, temperature, PM10 and aerobic bacterial count. The children’s sleep duration is positively correlated with a good indoor environment, humidifier, being away from the driveway, and low floor level, but is negatively correlated with pressure, strong night light, keeping pets, using computer and potted plants. We need to pay more attention to these factors to improve the sleep quality of school-aged children.
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The aim of this paper was to explore the key genes and pathogenesis of ischemic stroke(IS) by bioinformatics, and predict the potential traditional Chinese medicines for IS. Based on the gene-chip raw data set of GSE22255 from National Center of Biotechnology Information(NCBI), the article enrolled in 20 patients with ischemic stroke and 20 sex-and age-matched controls, and differentially expressed genes(DEGs) were screened based on R language software. The DAVID tool and R language software were used to perform gene ontology(GO) biological process enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and gnomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis. The DEGs were imported into STRING to construct a protein-protein interaction network, and the Molecular Complexity Module(MCODE) plug-in of Cytoscape software was used to visualize and analyze the key functional modules. Moreover, the core genes and the medical ontology information retrieval platform(Coremine Medical) were mapped to each other to screen the traditional Chinese medicines and construct drug-active ingredient-target network. Compared with healthy controls, 14 DEGs were obtained, of which 12 genes were up-regulated and 2 genes were down-regulated. DEGs were mainly involved in immune response, inflammatory process, signal transduction, and cell proliferation regulation. The interleukin-17(IL-17), nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor(TNF), nucleotide binding oligomerization domain(NOD)-like receptor and other signaling pathways were involved in KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. The key modules of the DEGs-encoding protein interaction network mainly focused on 7 genes of TNF, JUN, recombinant immediate early response 3(IER3), recombinant early growth response protein 1(EGR1), prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8(CXCL8) and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2(CXCL2), which were involved in biological processes widely such as neuroinflammation and immunity. TNF and JUN were the key nodes in this module, which might become potential biological markers for diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of IS. The potential traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of IS includes Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Croci Stigma, Scutellariae Radix, and Cannabis Fructus. The occurrence of stroke was the result of multiple factors. Dysregulation of genes and pathways related to immune regulation and inflammation may be the key link for the development of IS. This study provided research direction and theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of IS and searching for potential drug targets.
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Humans , Brain Ischemia , China , Computational Biology , Gene Expression Profiling , Ischemic Stroke , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Stroke/geneticsABSTRACT
Objective:To clarify the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum network of right hemisphere in patients with post-stroke aphasia (PSA) after left brain damaged. Methods:From December, 2018 to June, 2019, twelve PSA patients with left hemisphere injury were recruited and twelve healthy adults were matched as control group. China Rehabilitation Research Center aphasia examination (CRRCAE) was used to evaluated the linguistic function, and the EEG was collected. The functional connection characteristics of Alpha and Theta power spectrum were compared, and the correlation with language items was analyzed. Results:In PSA patients, the functional connection enhanced in Alpha and Theta frequency bands of central area, frontal, parietal and frontal-parietal joint areas, and decreased in Theta frequency bands of temporoparietal, parietal-occipital area, frontal, fronta-parietal and frontal central areas. The enhancement of alpha frequency functional connection from the right parietal occipital region to the central region was significantly correlated to the reduction of the expression ability (P < 0.05), while the weakening of theta frequency functional connection between the right parietal occipital region and the forehead and the center of the forehead was significantly correlated to the ability of speaking, reading, copying, dictation and calculation (r = -0.676~-0.717, P < 0.05). Conclusion:EEG power spectrum network can reflect the reorganization of right brain function network, and the change of right frontal parietal central network function connection may be closely related to PSA language injury and recovery.
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The cognitive neuroscience researches about post-stroke aphasia provide the interpretation of all aspects of linguistics. The word-picture research paradigm can be applied to assess different types of aphasia, in various ways of stimulation modes and models. It is more helpful combining functional magenetic resonance imaging to research the mechanism of brain damage and recovery objectively. The interactive application of language task and imaging has also become a new direction in the mechanism study of aphasia.
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Objective:To study the effect of right brain language network in post-stroke aphasia (PSA) patients with left hemisphere injury. Methods:From December, 2018 to June, 2019, twelve PSA patients with left hemisphere injury, and twelve matched healthy controls were recruited to accept rest-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (f-MRI) scan, and analyzed the characteristics of right brain function network with Dual Stream model. Results:There were two patients lost. Compared with the controls, for dorsolateral lingual pathway, the functional connections increased from superior marginal gyrus to middle frontal gyrus and inferior frontal gyrus of trigone in the patients, while those decreased from posterior central gyrus to inferior frontal gyrus of insula. For ventral lingual pathway, the functional connection increased from angular gyrus to orbital inferior frontal gyrus. For ventral and dorsolateral double-pathway, the functional connections increased from temporal lobe to lenticular pallidum and angular gyrus, from caudate nucleus to inferior frontal gyrus of insula, from lenticular putamen nucleus to middle frontal gyrus and trigonometry, while it decreased from superior marginal gyrus and temporal lobe to inferior frontal gyrus of insula. There was a negative correlation between the functional connection from inferior frontal gyrus to lenticular putamen and repeating (r = -0.720, P < 0.05), between the functional connection from inferior frontal gyrus to the caudate nucleus to speaking and repeating (r < -0.696, P < 0.05). In terms of network index, there were significant differences between the patients and the controls in both local and global indexes for language key brain area in right brain (|t| > 2.143, P < 0.05). Conclusion:The functional network has reorganized in right hemisphere of PSA patients. However, the increase of connection between language critical cortex and subcortical nuclei may play a role in improvement of language function.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of double tract reconstruction of proximal gastric resection and Roux-en-Y total gastrectomy in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction, in order to provide reference for clinical selection.Methods:From June 2016 to June 2018, patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction in Chifeng City hospital were prospectively selected and randomly divided into proximal gastrectomy double channel anastomosis group (PG group) and total gastrectomy Roux-en-Y anastomosis group (TG group). The perioperative indexes, clinical pathology, early (≤ 30 days) and late (> 30 days) complications of the two groups were compared, and the nutritional status [body mass index (BMI), prealbumin, albumin, total protein], and anemia degree [hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell count (RBC)] of the two groups at 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after operation were compared.Results:A total of 83 patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction were admitted, including 62 patients who were eligible for surgery, 31 cases in each group, 1 case in each group was lost to follow-up, and 30 cases in each group. There were no tumor recurrence or death in two groups. There were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, tumor size, tumor stage, preoperative complications, preoperative nutritional status and anemia between the two groups ( P>0.05). The time of first exhaust, time of starting fluid feeding and postoperative hospitalization in PG group was significantly earlier than that in TG group [(3.0±0.7)days vs (4.2±0.7)days, (7.9±0.9)days vs (9.0±0.9)days, (13.3±1.1)days vs (14.6±0.9)days, P<0.05], while the operation time was slightly longer [(252.0±36.9)min vs (225.8±31.1)min, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and number of lymph node dissection between PG group and TG group [(241.7±81.0)ml vs (245.8±71.9)ml, (40.5±12.2)nodes vs (43.2±10.3)nodes, P>0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in the occurrence of early and late postoperative complications ( P>0.05). The incidence of reflux esophagitis in PG group was less than that in TG group ( P<0.05). The nutritional status of PG group was significantly better than TG group in 3 months, 6 months and 12 months after the operation ( P<0.05). The Hb and RBC decreased in both groups at 3 and 6 months after operation, and the Hb and RBC in PG group were higher than those in TG group. There was no anemia in PG group and TG group 12 months after operation. Conclusions:Double tract reconstruction of proximal gastric resection is effective in the treatment of adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction. It is worthy of further clinical promotion.
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Electroencephalogram (EEG) contains abundant physiological and pathological information. With the development of analysis, EEG can measure the neurodynamics at the sub-second level during impaired speech processing, providing a new perspective for revealing the occurrence, development and recovery mechanism of post-stroke aphasia. EEG plays an important role in the goal setting of rehabilitation for post-stroke aphasia, and serves as an evaluation of the efficacy for clinical rehabilitation.
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Objective To observe the role of working memory in the process of language, and provide an objective evaluation for Chinese language rehabilitation.Methods From December, 2017 to June, 2018, 20 healthy subjects accepted word-picture matching tasks as the word and picture showed on the different (task 1) or same (task 2) screens, and their event-related potential of N400 were compared in matched and mismatched conditions.Results Forteen subjects were included finally. Task 1 induced N400 appeared earlier with higher amplitude and more activation in central parietal occipital region, followed larger N170 and P1 wave. There were significant differences in most cerebral regions between the two tasks in N400 amplitude difference of matched and mismatched conditions (t＞ 2.319, P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Word-picture matching tasks may involve more language-related brain regions with the intervention of working memory, that might work better in process of vocabulary. The tasks simulating the scene of Chinese language rehabilitation can be used as an objective evaluation for clinical activities.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the specifificity of Tongli (HT 5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) paired acupionts in aspects of Deqi sensation and brain activation patterns during electroacupuncture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In this study, 15 healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants suffered two kinds of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examinations randomly: Examination A received electro-acupuncture (EA) at the bilateral Tongli (HT5) and Xuanzhong (GB 39) acupoints (ACU), and examination B received EA at bilateral non-acupoints (NAP). The subjects reported the feeling of Deqi at each examination later respectively. A multi-voxel pattern analysis method and Statistical Program for Social Sciences were used to analyze the data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ACU group (Exam A) reported fullness, heaviness, numbness, soreness and throbbing of signifificantly greater intensity than the NAP group (Exam B). In addition, there was no statistical signifificance between two groups in aching, tingling, deep pressure, sharp pain, dull pain, warmness and cold. Meanwhile, fMRI data revealed differences between two groups in discriminating accuracy of brain somatosensory cortex and language-related cortices.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Needling HT 5 and GB 39 may modulate language function through a complex brain network, suggesting that it may be benefificial to the recovery of language function in patients with aphasia.</p>
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Acupuncture Points , Brain , Pathology , Electroacupuncture , Methods , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Pattern Recognition, PhysiologicalABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the levels and functions of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells and specific transcription factor Foxp3 and Th17 cells related cytokine in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and renal tissues, and explore their roles in pathogenesis of Henoch-Schonlein purpura nephropathy (HSPN) in children.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>From March, 2011 to March, 2013, 30 cases of HSPN children underwent renal biopsy and were treated in Guiyang Children's Hospital were enrolled into this study. Ten healthy children who underwent health check up were enrolled as blood sample control group. The normal kidney tissue specimens were taken from 5 children who underwent surgery for urologic disorders were used as renal sample control group. The circulating proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells in PBMC of 30 cases of HSPN children and 10 cases of control group were determined by flow cytometry, respectively.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to analyze the mRNA expressions of IL-17, IL-1β and Foxp3 in PBMC. The expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal tissue of HSPN and control group were measured by immunohistochemistry. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, Foxp3, IL-17, IL-1β expression were analyzed and compared in HSPN group and control groups respectively.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Thirty cases of HSPN pathological classification were as follows: type I was found in 0 case; type II in 9 cases; type III in 16 cases; type IV in 5 cases; type V in 0 case. The circulating proportions of CD4(+)CD25(+)/CD4(+)T cells and the CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+)Treg/CD4(+)T cells level were (5.84 ± 0.78)%, (1.01 ± 0.46) % in HSPN groups were substantially lower than those in control group. All these two differences had statistical significance (t = 27.200, 33.260, P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of IL-17, IL-1β in HSPN groups (0.86 ± 0.01,0.71 ± 0.01) were higher than those in control group (t = 25.000, 31.840, all P < 0.05). Foxp3 mRNA expression in HSPN groups (0.24 ± 0.02) were significantly lower than those in control group (t = 21.690, P < 0.05). Protein expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal tissues of HSPN children (13.31 ± 0.54, 11.56 ± 0.28) were significantly stronger than those in the control group (t = 27.6, 14.0, all P < 0.01). The highest level of protein expression of IL-17 and IL-1β in renal biopsy of HSPN was in type IV (IV>III>II, F = 545.800, 262.500, all P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The disorder of quantity and function of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, and increase in levels of IL-17, IL-1β (cytokine related to Th17 cells) may play important roles in pathogenesis of HSPN in children; increased protein expression of IL-17, IL-1β in renal tissue may contribute to the development of renal pathological damage in HSPN children.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Flow Cytometry , Forkhead Transcription Factors , Genetics , Metabolism , Interleukin-17 , Genetics , Metabolism , Interleukin-1beta , Genetics , Metabolism , Kidney , Metabolism , Pathology , Nephritis , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , IgA Vasculitis , Allergy and Immunology , Pathology , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Severity of Illness Index , T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory , Allergy and Immunology , Th17 Cells , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
Objective To describe the current status and associated risk factors on child abuse in children aged 7-12 in rural areas of Ningxia.Methods Using multistage sampling method to select townships and villages.Children aged 7-12 and their guardians were selected by random sampling method in those villages.Current status on child abuse was described under related percentage while logistic regression model was used to evaluate the risk factors associated with child abuse.Results A total number of 704 children aged 7-12 from 15 villages in two counties were interviewed.Among them,359 (50.2％) children had experienced child abuse (include physical abuse,negligence,emotional/ physical abuse and sexual abuse) in the past year.Physical abuse (44.6％) was the most frequent one in all the child abuse cases.Only 10 (1.4％) children had a comprehensive understanding of ‘child abuse’.55.5％ of the children had ever reported this problem to their parents or teachers when suffered from abuse episodes.Results from the logistic regression model showed that factors as:being boys (OR=1.37,95％ CI:1.01-1.85),under Han nationality (OR=1.49,95％CI:1.06-2.08),at younger age (OR=1.16,95％CI:1.05-1.28),staying with single parent (OR=2.05,95％CI:1.16-3.64) and from wealthy family (OR=1.55,95％CI:1.03-2.33) were at risk for child abuse.Conclusion Child abuse in rural areas in Ningxia was a serious problem,Children' s cognitive to child abuse was very low.More attention should be paid to children with the following characteristics as:being boys,under Han nationality,at younger age,staying with single parent.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the impacts on the recovery of swallowing function in patients of dysphagia after acute stroke treated with acupuncture and functional electric stimulation.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-four patients were randomized into an acupuncture plus electric stimulation group (38 cases) and an electric stimulation group (36 cases). The functional electric stimulator was used in the two groups. The electric pads were placed on the hyoid bone, the upper part of thyroid cartilage, the masseter muscle and the mandibular joint. The treatment lasted for 30 mm each time. In the acupuncture plus electric stimulation group, acupuncture was supplemented at motor area of Jiao's scalp acupuncture, lower 2/5 of sensory area, Baihui (CV 20), Lianquan (CV 23), Jinjin (EX-HN 12) and Yuye (EX-HN 13), 30 mm each time. The treatment was given once a day, 6 treatments for one session and there was 1 day at interval between the sessions, 4 sessions were required totally in the two groups. The dysphagia scale was adopted for efficacy evaluation before treatment and after 4 sessions of treatment in the two groups. The removal rate of nasal feeding tube was observed after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The dysphagia score was increased apparently after treatment compared with that before treatment in the two groups (both P < 0.05). After treatment, in the acupuncture plus electric stimulation group, the dysphagia score was increased much more apparently than that in the electric stimulation group (8.01 +/- 1.25 vs 6.73 +/- 1.36, P < 0.05). The remarkably effective rate was 84.2% (32/38) in the acupuncture plus electric stimulation group, better than 58.3% (21/36) in the electric stimulation group (P < 0.05). The removal rate of nasal feeding tube was 89.5% (34/38) in the acupuncture plus electric stimulation group, which was higher than 50. 0% (18/36) in the electric stimulation group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Acupuncture combined with electric stimulation achieves the much better efficacy on dysphagia after acute stroke and promotes the early removal of nasal feeding tube. The efficacy is better than that of the simple electric stimulation therapy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Deglutition , Deglutition Disorders , Therapeutics , Electric Stimulation , Stroke , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the current status of reproductive history among married women and the mortality rate of children under 5 years.Influence of reproductive history among married women on mortality rate of their children under 5 years in rural areas in Shaanxi province was also studied.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on reproductive history and mortality rate of their children under 5 years of age in five Fourth National-Level Poverty-Stricken counties in Shaanxi province.Sample under study was chosen according to the three-stage stratified random sampling technique.Results A total number of 4 732 married women were studied,with the average age of first birth as 23.65 years,the average parity as 1.49,the average spacing between first and second child birth as 6.96 years and the average spacing between second and third child birth as 3.98years.In children under 5 years of age among the surveyed women in 2007-2010,32.19％ of the deaths in children under 5 years of age occurred during infancy while 70.21％ of the infant deaths occurred during neonatal period.The mortality rates (1/1000) for newborns,infants and children under 5 years were 6.71‰,9.55‰,29.67‰ respectively.Infant mortality rate of mother with multiple births was higher than the singletons (x2=6.057,P=0.014).Parity differences in mortality rate of children under 5 years were significant (x2=17.469,P＜0.001) and interval differences of births on infant mortality rate were also significant (x2=13.137,P=0.001).Conclusion Fertility of rural women in Shaanxi was in good condition.The proportion that infant death was accounted for the total deaths of children under 5 years had declined,but the neonatal deaths still accounted for a big proportion of infant deaths.Infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under 5 years old had declined,when compared to the national level in 2000,however,it was still higher than the city level.In terms of the fertility characteristics in women as multiple births,more parity and short spacing of births etc,were important factors of death of their children under 5 years of age.