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Aim To investigate the effect of Xihuang pills on estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P)-induced apoptosis of rat mammary epithelial cells and the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, and to explore its anti-mammary hyperplasia mechanism. Methods Rat mammary epithelial cells were treated with different concentrations of Xihuangpills containing serumafter E2, P induced proliferation. The cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method (24, 48, 72 h). The apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after AnnexinV-FITC/PI double staining. The average optical density of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry; Estradiol receptor alpha (ER-α), estradiol receptor beta (ER-β), progesterone receptor (PR) protein expression were detected by Western blot. Results The serum containing Xihuang pillssignificantly inhibitedthe proliferation of rat mammary epithelial cells after E2and P treatment (P < 0. 05), and induced apoptosis, affecting the expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and Bax (P < 0. 05), and effectively inhibiting the expression of estrogen receptors ERα, ERβ. Conclusions Xihuang pills can induce the apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells by regulating related apoptotic proteins, and regulate the secretion of estrogen and progesterone in breast tissues, affecting the proliferation and rejuvenation of breast, which is of great significance for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.
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PURPOSE@#To investigate the effect of early enteral nutrition on outcomes of trauma patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of trauma patients in the ICU of Daping Hospital, China from January 2012 to December 2017 was retrospectively analyzed, including patient age, gender, injury mechanism, injury severity score (ISS), nutritional treatment, postoperative complications (wound infection, abdominal abscess, anastomotic rupture, pneumonia), mortality, and adverse events (nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention). Only adult trauma patients who developed bloodstream infection after surgery for damage control were included. Patients were divided into early enteral nutrition group (48 h). Data of all trauma patients were collected by the same investigator. Data were expressed as frequency (percentage), mean ± standard deviation (normal distribution), or median (Q, Q) (non-normal distribution) and analyzed by Chi-square test, Student's t-test, or rank-sum test accordingly. Multiple logistic regression analysis was further adopted to investigate the significant variables with enteral nutrition.@*RESULTS@#Altogether 876 patients were assessed and 110 were eligible for this study, including 93 males and 17 females, with the mean age of (50.0 ± 15.4) years. Traffic accidents (46 cases, 41.8%) and fall from height (31 cases, 28.2%) were the dominant injury mechanism. There were 68 cases in the early enteral nutrition group and 42 cases in the control group. Comparison of general variables between early enteral nutrition group and control group revealed significant difference regarding surgeries of enterectomy (1.5% vs. 19.0%, p = 0.01), ileum/transverse colon/sigmoid colostomy (4.4% vs. 16.3%, p = 0.01) and operation time (h) (3.2 (1.9, 6.1) vs. 4.2 (1.8, 8.8), p = 0.02). Other variables like ISS (p = 0.31), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation≥20 (p = 0.79), etc. had no obvious difference. Chi-square test showed a much better result in early enteral nutrition group than in control group regarding morality (0 vs. 11.9%, p = 0.03), length of hospital stay (days) (76.8 ± 41.4 vs. 81.4 ± 44.7, p = 0.01) and wound infection (10.3% vs. 26.2%, p = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis showed that the incidence of wound infection was related to the duration required to achieve the enteral nutrition standard (OR = 1.095, p = 0.002). Seventy-six patients (69.1%) achieved the nutritional goal within a week and 105 patients (95.5%) in the end. Trauma patients unable to reach the enteral nutrition target within one week were often combined with abdominal infection, peritonitis, bowel resection, intestinal necrosis, intestinal fistula, or septic shock.@*CONCLUSION@#Early enteral nutrition for trauma patients in the ICU is correlated with less wound infection, lower mortality, and shorter hospital stay.
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Adult , Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Critical Care , Enteral Nutrition , Length of Stay , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Wound Infection , Epidemiology , Wounds and Injuries , Mortality , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
Normal wound healing is a very complicated process. As the wound covering, the dressing can protect the wound, accelerate the healing process and prevent infection during wound healing. Chitosan-based nanofibers have shown great prospect in biomedical dressings due to their unique biological and physicochemical properties. In this paper, the characteristics, materials, application and evaluation of chitosan-based electrospun nanofiber dressings are reviewed, and its application prospects are also prospected.
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Signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 generally located in cytoplasm is a key intra-cellular transcription. So far, STAT3 has been known that could be activated by several different upstream kinase within cell, the most common one of which is Janus kinase. The aberrant activation of STAT3 induces tumorigenesis and promotes tumor development. Consequently, researchers have always been committed to developing novel anti-tumor drugs targeting JAK/STAT3 pathway signaling. In this review, researches as well as clinical trials of JAK/STAT3 inhibitors published over the past several years are collected and the targets, mechanism and pharmacological properties of certain inhibitors are summarized.
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Objective To understand colonization of pathogens in nasal vestibular of health care workers (HCWs) in intensive care unit (ICU),and provide evidence for strengthening the prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)in ICU.Methods On may 2015,colonization status of pathogens in nasal vestibular of uninfected HCWs in ICU were actively screened,bacterial culture,isolation and identification were performed.The surveyed results were analyzed and compared with antimicrobial resistance of pathogens from patients at the same stage.Results A total of 96 HCWs were surveyed,43 pathogenic strains were isolated from different HCWs’na-sal vestibular,isolation rate and carriage rate were both 44.79%.The main pathogenic bacteria was Staphylococcus aureus(n=15,34.88%),followed by Enterobacter aerogenes (n =9,20.93%)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K . pneumoniae ,n=7,16.28%).There was a high detection rate of pathogens from nasal vestibular of doctors,HCWs who smoked frequently and those who never exercised (all P 50.00%,resistance rates to cefotaxime and imipenem were 28.57% and 14.29%respectively;resistance rates of 11 strains of K .pneumoniae from patients to furantoin was 100.00% during the same stage,but were sensitive to other commonly used antimicrobial agents.Resistance rate of 4 strains of Esche-richia coli (E.coli)to ampicillin was 75.00%,to gentamicin,tobramycin,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin,and com-pound sulfamethoxazole were all 50.00%,6 strains of E.coli isolated from patients during the same period were found to be resistant to most commonly used antimicrobial agents.Conclusion Colonization rate of pathogens is high in nasal vestibular of HCWs in ICU,active screening and monitoring on colonization of pathogens in HCWs’ nasal vestibular is significant for preventing the occurrence and cross transmission of HAI among HCWs and pa-tients.
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Objective To understand the specimen sources,clinical characteristics,and antimicrobial resistance of Burkholderia cepacia (B .cepacia )isolated from infected patients in intensive care unit(ICU),so as to provide reference for guiding rational use of antimicrobial agents.Methods Clinical data of patients with B .cepacia infec-tion in an ICU between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed retrospectively,antimicrobial resistance of strains was ana-lyzed.Results A total of 267 B .cepacia strains were isolated,the major specimen sources were sputum (80.15%, n=214),blood(14.23%,n =38),and urine(3.37%,n =9).Antimicrobial susceptibility testing results revealed that B .cepacia had multiple resistance,and was naturally resistant to multiple clinically used antimicrobial agents, such as ampicillin,cefazolin,ampicillin/sulbactam,nitrofurantoin,and cefuroxime,resistant rates were all 100%;resistant rates to ceftazidime and levofloxacin were 4.12% and 3.00% respectively;resistant rate to compound sulfa-methoxazole had increased tendency(χ2 =5.885,P =0.015).Conclusion Isolation of B .cepacia in ICU increased year by year,antimicrobial resistance is serious,management and targeted monitoring of prevention and control of healthcare-associated infection should be strengthened,antimicrobial agents should be chosen according to antimi-crobial susceptibility testing results.