ABSTRACT
<p><b>Background:</b>Core fucosylation (CF), catalyzed by α-1,6 fucosyltransferase (Fut8) in mammals, plays an important role in pathological processes through posttranslational modification of key signaling receptor proteins, including transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptors and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors. However, its effect on peritoneal fibrosis is unknown. Here, we investigated its influence on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of rat peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs) in vitro induced by a high-glucose (HG) culture solution.</p><p><b>Methods:</b>Rat PMCs were first cultured in a HG (2.5%) culture solution to observe the CF expression level (fluorescein isothiocyanate-lens culinaris agglutinin), we next established a knockdown model of rat PMCs in vitro with Fut8 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to observe whether inhibiting CF decreases the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein expression of Fut8 and reverses EMT status. Rat PMCs were randomly divided into control group, mock group (transfected with scrambled siRNA), Fut8 siRNA group, HG group, HG + mock group, and HG + Fut8 siRNA group. Finally, we examined the activation of TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling and PDGF/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling to observe the influence of CF on them.</p><p><b>Results:</b>CF, Fut8 mRNA, and protein expression were all significantly upregulated in HG- induced EMT model than those in the control rat PMCs (P < 0.05). Fut8 siRNA successfully blocked CF of TGF-β receptors and PDGF receptors and attenuated the EMT status (E-cadherin and α-SMA and phenotypic changes) in HG-induced rat PMCs. In TGF-β/Smad2/3 signaling, Fut8 siRNA did not suppress the protein expression of TGF-β receptors and Smad2/3; however, it significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 (relative expression folds of HG + Fut8 group vs. HG group: 7.6 ± 0.4 vs. 15.1 ± 0.6, respectively, P < 0.05). In PDGF/ERK signaling, Fut8 siRNA did not suppress the protein expression of PDGF receptors and ERK, but it significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK (relative expression folds of HG + Fut8 group vs. HG group: 8.7 ± 0.9 vs. 15.6 ± 1.2, respectively, P < 0.05). Blocking CF inactivated the activities of TGF-β and PDGF signaling pathways, and subsequently blocked EMT.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b>These results demonstrate that CF contributes to rat PMC EMT, and that blocking it attenuates EMT. CF regulation is a potential therapeutic target of peritoneal fibrosis.</p>
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To manufacture the individual polyurethane (PUR) auricular framework using the rapid prototyping (RP) technique and to evaluate its feasibility in ear reconstruction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>3-D models of the patient's auricle were reconstructed according to the computed tomography (CT) data. The supporting and drainage structures were created. Then the individual PUR auricular frameworks were manufactured using RP technique. The frameworks were tested for the fatigue strength and elasticity. The frameworks were also put at the subcutaneous layer of rat. At 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 weeks after operation, the shape of the reconstructed ears was observed and the histological examination was performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PUR framework had good elasticity and a much better fatigue strength than high density polyethylene (HDPE) framework. The shape of reconstructed ear matched the prototype very well. The around tissue grew into the implant pore and adhered tightly to the framework 2 weeks after implantation. Histologic examination showed integrated capsule four weeks later without lymphocytes infiltration. The shape kept very well twelve weeks later.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>PUR auricular framework manufactured by the 3D reconstruction and RP techniques has very good shape, intensity and elasticity. It can be selected to replace the autograft of rib cartilage framework.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Computer-Aided Design , Ear, External , General Surgery , Otologic Surgical Procedures , Prosthesis Design , Rats, Wistar , Plastic Surgery Procedures , StentsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the technique of repeated operation for removement of polyacrylamide hydrogel from breast.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>17 cases after uncomplete removement of PHG were reoperated through inferior periareolar incision. The PHG and affected denatured muscle and gland tissue were removed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Preoperative MRI or CT showed PHG distributed diffusely in muscle and gland. There was only minimal residual PHG after operation. Histological examination showed PHG distributed in the denatured and proliferative fibrous tissue, including giant cells, many neutrophilic cells infiltration, and foreign body granuloma. The symptoms, such as intramammary pump or nodule, chest and back pain, infection, were relieved after operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Blinded suction technique can not remove PHG completely and can also result in malposition of PHG and make the tissue denaturation worse. We suggest open approach to remove the PHG and denatured tissue completely through periareolar incision.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Acrylic Resins , Breast Implants , Device Removal , Methods , MammaplastyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate breast reconstruction with a combined skin flap of the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) and the transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous (TRAM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The DIEP and TRAM united flap was elevated with the vessel pedicle of the deep inferior epigastric perforator on the affected side and the rectus abdominis muscle pedicle on the intact side. The reconstructive breast was shaped after the deep inferior epigastric vessels were anastomosed to the internal mammary vessels or the thoracodorsal vessels ipsilaterally.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We have used the DIEP and TRAM united flaps for breast reconstruction in 17 cases. All of the flaps survived, and the reconstructed breasts were well-shaped with the follow-up of 6-18 months.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The DIEP and TRAM united flap possesses of advantages such as rich blood supply, abundant tissue volume and easy shaping. It is especially applicable to the cases who have large chest defect and need large volume tissue.</p>