Smoking and passive smoking in Chinese, 2002 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the prevalence of smoking, quitting smoke, and passive smoking in different populations by education status, occupation and geographic distribution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Surveillance on risk behaviors in 145 disease surveillance points (DSP) was carried out in 2002 by multi-steps random sampling through questionnaires. 16,407 records had been completed with 16 056 used for analysis. Indicators as smoking, current smoking, average cigarettes smoked and the cost per day, etc., were calculated by weight on age proportions from the 2000 census.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ever-smoking rates in males and females aged 15 and over were 66.0% and 3.1%, respectively with ever-smoking rate dropped 1.8% in whole population, but increased in people aged 15-24. The number of total smokers was about 350 million, 30 million more than that in 1996. There were no obvious geographic differences seen among male, but big difference was seen in female smokers. Higher smoking rates were seen in the northeast and northern parts of the country. Rate of quitting smoking was increasing, from 9.42% in 1996 to 11.5% in 2002, referring to an increase of 10 million quitters. However, the rate of no intention to quit among smokers was still very high--74%. The average cigarettes consumption per person-day was the same as that in 1996--14.8 cigarettes/day, which cost 2.73 RBM/day. The cost was various in different groups of population with a 15 times difference. The level of exposure for passive smokers was not improved. The prevalence of passive smoking in nonsmokers were 53% in 1996 and 52% in 2002. Knowledge on smoking and health condition in population had been greatly improved, but still poor in the western areas. 60% of the people claimed in supporting banning of smoking in public places, 45% supporting the banning of all cigarettes ads, but big difference was seen in different geographic areas.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevalence of smoking in Chinese males had reached its peak, leveling but had not yet obvious dropped. Communication on the knowledge of harm in smoking remained weak since people did not understand or support the strategies on tobacco control, especially in the western areas. Data indicated that the prevalence of tobacco use would not decrease over in short period and the disease burden caused by tobacco use would still be heavy in the next 30-50 years. The government and public health authorities should develop effective tobacco control in no time to decrease disease burden caused by smoking and passive smoking.</p>

Comparison of data population-based and from hospital-based injuries / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare data from an epidemiological survey on injuries with a survey conducted in hospitals on injuries in the same areas and to find out the differences and shortcomings of hospital data in describing the feature of injuries in an area.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Comparing the causes and age distributions of injuries from the two surveys.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The first 4 leading causes of injuries from the population-based survey were mechanical injuries, falls, burns/scalds and traffic accidents while the first 4 leading causes of hospital-based survey were traffic accidents, assault, mechanical injuries and burns/scalds. The differences of the age distributions of these leading causes between the two surveys were significant except mechanical injuries.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Differences were noticed between population-based survey and hospital-based survey. It should be cautions when using hospital data to describe the features of injuries in a certain area.</p>

The trend and geographic distribution of suicide in Chinese population / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To understand the specific patterns of suicide in Chinese population and its trend.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The mortality level and trend of suicide in Chinese population by sex, age and areas were reviewed and the geographic distribution of suicide mortality was described using National Disease Surveillance Data in 1991 - 2000.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During 1991 - 2000, the mortality rate of suicide was stable. Suicide was still one of the main health problems in Chinese population, especially in rural areas. The pattern of suicide in rural areas remained the same as reported before. The death rate of suicide attempts in female was higher than in male. There was a peak of death rate among rural people aged 15 - 34. However the death rate among rural women aged 15 - 34 was falling, which did not significantly affect the current suicide pattern.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>There was high death rate of suicide in eastern and central rural areas, especially in boundaries among provinces, which could have been related to traditional culture, economic situation etc. Using pesticide as a tool of suicide was also an important factor with high death rate of suicide. These findings suggested that the specific pattern would last for another 20 years along with the social development and reform.</p>