ABSTRACT
Objective To identify the spatial distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis spread in Hubei Province, so as to provide insights into precision O. hupensis snail control in the province. Methods Data pertaining to emerging and reemerging snails were collected from Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022 to build a spatial database of O. hupensis snail spread. The spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread was identified using global and local spatial autocorrelation analyses, and the hot spots of snail spread were identified using kernel density estimation. In addition, the correlation between environments with snail spread and the distance from the Yangtze River was evaluated using nearest-neighbor analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results O. hupensis snail spread mainly occurred along the Yangtze River and Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, with a total spread area of 4 320.63 hm2, including 1 230.77 hm2 emerging snail habitats and 3 089.87 hm2 reemerging snail habitats. Global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed spatial autocorrelation in the O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province in 2020 and 2021, appearing a spatial clustering pattern (Moran’s I = 0.003 593 and 0.060 973, both P values < 0.05), and the mean density of spread snails showed spatial aggregation in Hubei Province in 2020 (Moran’s I = 0.512 856, P < 0.05). Local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that the high-high clustering areas of spread snails were mainly distributed in 50 settings of 10 counties (districts) in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, and the high-high clustering areas of the mean density of spread snails were predominantly found in 219 snail habitats in four counties of Jiangling, Honghu, Yangxin and Gong’an. Kernel density estimation showed that there were high-, secondary high- and medium-density hot spots in snail spread areas in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022, which were distributed in Jingzhou District, Wuxue District, Honghu County and Huangzhou District, respectively. There were high- and medium-density hot spots in the mean density of spread snails, which were located in Jiangling County, Honghu County and Yangxin County, respectively. In addition, the snail spread areas negatively correlated with the distance from the Yangtze River (r = −0.108 9, P < 0.05). Conclusions There was spatial clustering of O. hupensis snail spread in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2022. The monitoring and control of O. hupensis snails require to be reinforced in the clustering areas, notably in inner embankments to prevent reemerging schistosomiasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect improvation of lung function and prognosis of singulair and seretide for moderate to severe AECOPD . Methods 78 patients associated with moderate to severe AECOPD from January 2014 to June 2016 in our hospital were researched.They were divided randomly into observation and control groups according to the order of admission, 39 cases in each group.In the control group, they were treated by conventional anti-infective, expectorant, oxygen, suction seretide.In the observation group, using singulair on the basis of the control group.Clinical data, clinical efficacy, clinical symptoms begin to improve time, hospitalization time, blood gas analysis (PaO2, PaCO2) after five days and pulmonary function after treatment forced expiratory volume in one second ( FEV1 ) , call gas peak velocity ( PEF) , forced expiratory volume in one second than the forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC), maximum mid-expiratory flow rate (MMEF) were compared with each other.Results Their clinical data of patients and other general information and basic condition had no significant difference between each other.The effective rate of observation group and control group were 97.44%and 87.18%, clinical effecicy of observation group was better than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (u=2.2805, P<0.05).Postoperative hospital stay, time of symptoms began to improve of the observation group were shorter than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), PaO2 of 5-day post-treatment of observation group was higher, and PaCO2 was lower, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Lung function of two groups of patients had no significant difference before treatment, after treatment, pulmonary function in the observation group (including FEV1, PEF, FEV1/FVC, MMEF) was better than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Seretide combined with singulair to treat severe AECOPD has a good effect, it can significantly improve the therapeutic effect and improve the patient's lung function.