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Objective To explore the feelings of nonlocal nurses working in shanghai in order to provide effective and reliable basis for the nursing managers to develop humanistic management. Methods 12 nonlocal nurses were interviewed with open-ended questions. The data collected from the interviews were analyzed thematically. Results There are seven themes of nonlocal nurses′ working experience: the pursuit of a better personal development, physical needs are not met, the affected self-concept, the role strain,lack of good interpersonal support,achieve their self-worth and look forward to humanistic management modes. Conclusions It is showed that there are various types of maladjustment problems on nonlocal nurses. All above suggest that nursing managers should be concerned about the physical and mental health status of nonlocal nurses, and improve the guarantee mechanism. Using motivation mechanisms to mobilize the enthusiasm of nonlocal nurses, with a view to maximize their potential power.
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TCM medical service trade is an important component of TCM service trade. Developing TCM medical service trade has wide market and strategic importance. Development of TCM medical service trade in China is still in the initial exploring stage with small scale and dominated by the government. Recently, foreign patients prefer TCM medical serve. TCM medical service trade in abroad shows the partial and small scaled characteristics. The number of joint venture TCM treatment centers is small, and movement of personnel is rare. In order to promote the development of TCM service trade, this article proposed the following four suggestions: conducting TCM international tele-medicine service trade, developing TCM medical travel, investing more in the development of foreign TCM medical centers, expanding the scale of exporting TCM medical talents.
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Objective To develop a sensitive and stable substrate for enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and carry out methodology evaluation tests on it .Methods A kind of substrate with tetramethyl benzidine and urea peroxide as its main compo‐nents were made up ,its sensitivity ,precision and storage stability were evaluated and compared with other three kinds of substrate . Results This substrate was more sensitive than two of the three commercial substrates .The variable coefficient of precision test was 3 .5% .The optical densities(OD) of the new substrate after stored one day ,seven days ,one month ,six months ,twelve months in 4 ℃ environment were 2 .268 、2 .403 、2 .358 、2 .278 、2 .330 respectively ,the standard deviation was 0 .056 185 ,the variable coeffi‐cient was 2 .4% .Conclusion The substrate proposed in this paper displays good sensitivity ,precision and stability .The preparation method is simple ,reproducible .This substrate not only satisfies the requirements of laboratory research ,but also meets with the de‐mands for commercial kit development due to its function as an important component of test kits .It is an economical and effective choice for both laboratories and research transformation .
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Objective To investigate the cognition level and education demand of occupational protection knowledge among nursing students in clinical practice in the hospitals of Shanghai and analyze its related factors.Methods A cross-sectional survey involving 360 nursing students was conducted in Shanghai.The survey content included occupational protection knowledge,demand and suggestions about setting up occupational protection curricula.Results The mean knowledge score was 5～13 points,with an average of (9.33±1.62)points.In multiple regression models,the level of hospital and educational status were related factors for knowledge level.The occupational protection knowledge mainly from school education accounted for 59.4％,considering it necessary to set up occupational protection curricula accounted for 60.5％.Ways of acquiring occupational protection were:teachers integrating related knowledge into teaching,receiving related education before clinical practice,and being given warning before dangerous operation,accounting for 43.7％,30.8％ and 16.2％.Conclusions Nursing students require a comprehensive foundation course in occupational protection before they enter the clinical practice.This will help to ensure their physical and mental health.
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Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge and behaviors among female sex workers(FSWs) and their male clients from the same community.Methods One hundred and seventy seven FSWs and one hundred and fifty four male clients were recruited from entertainment venues in the same community by random sampling,and anonymous questionnaires were administered separately.Results(1)Over 80% of FSWs and their male clients understood the basic routes of HIV transmission,but many of them were unclear about non-HIV transmission routes.(2)97.7% of FSWs and 84.2% of the male clients used condoms during their commericial sexual intercourse.The frequency of using condoms during sex with casual or regular sex partners was lower than that during the commercial sexual intercourse(P
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the reproductive track infection (RTI) situation and risk factors for cervical infection (Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis) among different kinds of women of childbearing age in Shenzhen city, China. To assess the feasibility of the syndromic approach for vaginal discharge.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The survey was administrated to 4,744 eligible women in Shenzhen city during October 2001 and April 2002. The subjects included three different kinds of population: 3,895 cases of general population, 438 STD/gynecological clinic outpatients and 411 people with high risk behavior. Gynaecologic examination and RTI laboratory diagnosis were performed for each subject. PCR method-based test was used to detect the Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis infection. Standardized questionnaire were designed to collect the information about RTI related behaviors, and history of marriage and child bearing, et al. The risk factors, symptoms and signs of cervical infection were analyzed. Syndromic approach was established and its feasibility was assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>27.6% of women in Shenzhen were infected with at least one kind of RTI, including 5.0% with cervical infection. The risk factors for cervical infection were: individuals having had new sex partner within last 3 months (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.4), having had the experience of abortion (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.4), aged 25 or less (OR = 1.6, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.4) and never using condom during sex intercourse (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1 - 2.4). The sensitivity of syndromic approach of risk assessment and signs for cervical infection among general population was 63.8%, while specificity was 55.1% with the positive predictive value 7.0%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>RTI infection was common among all three kinds of childbearing women in Shenzhen city. The prevalence of RTI was the highest among high risk population, followed by STD/gynecological clinic outpatients. The efficacy of syndromic approach for cervical infection in general population was not ideal.</p>
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Female , Humans , China , Epidemiology , Genital Diseases, Female , Epidemiology , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors , Uterine Cervical Diseases , Epidemiology , Vaginal Discharge , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
Oxymatrine is an alkaloid from Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sophora flavescens Ait. which has many pharmacological effects. We studied the effects of oxymatrine on the proliferation of human tonsillar cells and mouse splenocytes with or without mitogens. The results show that oxymatrine can augment the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show low PHA & tSAC response capacity. On the other hand, oxymatrine can inhibit the proliferation of the human tonsillar cells which show high PHA & SAC responses capacity. The effects of oxymarine on mouse splenocytes are the same with the latter.