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Objective To analyze the changes in the organizational development and operations of infection management in Xinjiang in the past 20 years, and to explore optimal approaches for infection control in the region. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used for the survey of the infection management at 101 medical institutions of 12 prefectures in Xinjiang from 1995 to 2015. The survey covered the organization construction, staffing, and infection control work of these hospitals. Results The infection rate of hospitals in the northern part was higher than that of the southern part; the average beds of the hospitals increased from 169. 96 to 428. 27. Organization system of hospital infection management was gradually established and improved;Personnel makeup becomed more reasonable, yet greater manpower was needed for full-time staff; The operations and patterns of hospital infection management work had evolved from a few to the multidimensional; There are rooms for elevation in research of hospital infection. Conclusions The past 20 years have witnessed major progress of infection management in Xinjiang, but sustainable development in this regard calls for optimized staffing structure and better research ability.
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Objective To analyze the changes in the organizational development and operations of infection management in Xinjiang in the past 20 years, and to explore optimal approaches for infection control in the region. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used for the survey of the infection management at 101 medical institutions of 12 prefectures in Xinjiang from 1995 to 2015. The survey covered the organization construction, staffing, and infection control work of these hospitals. Results The infection rate of hospitals in the northern part was higher than that of the southern part; the average beds of the hospitals increased from 169. 96 to 428. 27. Organization system of hospital infection management was gradually established and improved;Personnel makeup becomed more reasonable, yet greater manpower was needed for full-time staff; The operations and patterns of hospital infection management work had evolved from a few to the multidimensional; There are rooms for elevation in research of hospital infection. Conclusions The past 20 years have witnessed major progress of infection management in Xinjiang, but sustainable development in this regard calls for optimized staffing structure and better research ability.
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Objective To understand the development status of healthcare-associated infection (HAI)management organizations in Xinjiang region,and effectively improve the management level of HAI in Xinjiang.Methods 101 secondary and above medical institutions in Xinjiang were selected by cluster random sampling method,a retrospec-tive survey was conducted from February 15 to March 31,2016.Development of HAI management organizations in each hospital in 1995,2000,2005,2010,and 2015 were surveyed,statistical analysis of the surveyed results were conducted.Results Of 101 hospitals,22 were tertiary hospitals,79 were secondary hospitals.In 2005 and before, more than 70% of hospitals with >300 beds and 20% of hospitals with300 beds and less than 5% of hospitals with 50% of full-time professionals received secondary vocational school and below education,in 2005 and after,about 80% of full-time professionals received at least college and above education;in 2000 and before,> 70% of full-time professionals didn’t receive training.In 2015,the percentage of nursing staff engaged in HAI management dropped to 65.90%,and doctors and other professionals both accounted for 17.05%,40.09% of HAI management professionals received university education,92.08% par-ticipated in autonomous region level and above training,1.98% didn’t receive training.Conclusion HAI infection management organizations in Xinjiang region in the past 20 years have developed,the allocation of professionals and professional quality can not meet the needs of HAI infection management in this region.
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Objective To explore the occurrence of surgical site infection(SSI)in patients in different levels of hospitals.Methods SSI among patients in 47 hospitals at 0:00-24:00 of May 16,2012 were investigated by medi-cal record reviewing,doctor inquiry,and bed-side visiting.Results A total of 5 977 surgical patients were investiga-ted,SSI prevalence rate was 1 .76%.SSI prevalence rate in secondary hospitals was higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =9.337,P =0.002);SSI prevalence rates in clean-contaminated and contaminated incision in secondary hospi-tals were both higher than tertiary hospitals (χ2 =4.315,8.129,both P <0.05);departments with high SSI preva-lence rates were general surgery,orthopedic,and neurosurgery;the major isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli , Staphylococcus aureus ,and coagulase negative Staphylococcus .Conclusion SSI rates of different types of incision and different departments are varied,corresponding prevention and control measures should be taken.
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Objective To summarize the characteristics of nosocomial infections in the patients treated in intensive care unit (ICU).Methods The incidence of nosocomial infections was monitored in ICU from March 2012 to August 2012.The incidence rate of infection was adjusted with Average Severity of Illness Score (ASIS)score and analyzed in relation to three invasive pro-cedures.Pathogen distribution of nosocomial infections in ICU was also analyzed.Results Nosocomial infection was identified in 357 of the 3 700 ICU patients (9.65%).The overall daily infection rate was 30.34‰,specifically,49.10‰ for ventilator asso-ciated pneumonia (VAP),13.86‰ for catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI),and 1.09‰ for catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI).Of the 688 bacterial isolates,gram negative bacteria accounted for 82.70%.The top three bacterial species were Acinetobacter baumanii ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,and Klebsiella pneumoniae .Conclusions ICU is the focus for surveillance of nosocomial infections.Objective investigation is critical for nosocomial infection surveillance.
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Objective To investigate the effects of informed consent on emotion and immunologic function in patients with laryngopharynx cancer.Methods Sixty patients with laryngopharynx cancer were divided into group A and group B by random digits table with 30 cases each group.In group A patients were informed consent,and in group B family were informed consent.The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores,as well as cellular immunity function were measured before informed consent and 2 weeks after surgery.Results The SAS,SDS scores and levels of cellular immunity function between two groups,differences was no statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The SAS,SDS scores 2 weeks after surgery in group A were significantly less than those in group B [(43.17 ± 7.63) scores vs.(47.84 ± 8.46) scores,(37.43 ± 8.69) scores vs.(42.67 ± 9.82) scores,P ＜ 0.05].The CD3,CD4,NK cells 2 weeks after surgery in group A were significantly higher than those in group B (0.5762 ±0.0941 vs.0.5160 ± 0.0821,0.3832 ± 0.0751 vs.0.3140 ± 0.0561,0.1521 ± 0.0491 vs.0.1163 ± 0.0422,P ＜ 0.05),CD8 and CD4/CD8 between two groups differences was no statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The informed consent for patients with laryngopharynx cancer may relieve emotional disorders and avoid immunologic function decreasing.
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OBJECTIVE@#To study the relevance between cancer related fatigue and coping styles in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.@*METHODS@#A survey was conducted in 396 patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy on cancer related fatigue scale and Jalowiec coping scale, and the relation was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#The rate of overall fatigue in breast cancer patients was 96.97%, mostly moderate fatigue. The rate of fatigue dimensions from high to low was physical fatigue, feeling fatigue and cognitive fatigue, respectively. The score of coping styles in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy from high to low was optimistic coping, facing bravely, support seeking, self-reliance, emotional catharsis, avoidance, fatalism, and conservation. The most widely used coping style was optimistic coping style, and the least was emotional catharisis. There was a positive correlation between coping style of emotional catharsis and cancer related fatigue of all dimensions (P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between emotional fatigue and optimistic,facing bravely, support seeking, self-reliance, or conservation (P<0.05). There was also a negative correlation between physical fatigue and optimistic or support seeking (P<0.05), but there was a positive correlation between avoidance or fatalism and the dimensions of general fatigue, physical fatigue, and cognitive fatigue (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#There is prevalent cancer related fatigue in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy. We should guide the patients to more active coping styles, to enhance the ability of psychological adaption in patients, reduce cancer related fatigue, and improve the quality of life.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Adaptation, Psychological , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Therapeutic Uses , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Fatigue , Quality of Life , Psychology , Sampling Studies , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To explore the association between the cancer related fatigue and social support in breast cancer patients after chemotherapy.@*METHODS@#According to the uniform inclusive and exclusive criteria, 396 breast cancer patients after chemotherapy were sampled randomly from 4 hospitals in Changsha and investigated on the spot by cancer fatigue scale and social support scale.@*RESULTS@#The levels of social support, subjective support, Objective support, and utilization of support of the breast cancer patients after chemotherapy were 36.63±7.80, 21.05±4.67, 8.45±3.06, and 7.13±2.10, respectively, which were lower than the normal level, with significant difference(P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between each fatigue dimension and social support, subjective support, Objective support, and utilization of support (P<0.05 or P<0.001).@*CONCLUSION@#The social support system in patients with breast cancer after chemotherapy is poor. There is a negative correlation between the social support system and cancer related fatigue.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast , Drug Therapy , Psychology , China , Fatigue , Psychology , Social SupportABSTRACT
Objective To explore the application of clinical pathway in the management of single disease cost. Methods Inpatients with breast cancer from June 2006 to June 2007 were divided into the test group and the control group according to different payment models.Patients in the test group had medical insurance while patients in the control group did not.The general data in the two groups had no statistical difference.The test group were given nursing intervention by clinical pathway while the control group received routine nursing measures. Results The mean inhospital days,mean days waiting for operations and mean inhospital expenses in the test group were shorter or lower than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).The mastering degree of health knowledge and the satisfaction degree of patients in the test group were higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions The application of chnical pathway in the single disease cost patients with medical insurance could effectively control the medical expenses and guarantee the quality.So we consider that the application of clinical pathway in single disease cost is applicable.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of rhTNF-alpha on human sperm mitochondrial function and motility in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six semen samples collected by masturbation were analyzed according to WHO protocols. Semen samples from 40 healthy men were prepared using Percoll centrifugation. Sperm suspension was diluted to a concentration of 10 x 10(6)/ml in Ham's F10 medium. Sperm samples were incubated with rhTNF-alpha solution (final concentration 0.03 microg/L, 0.06 microg/L, 0.09 microg/L and 0.27 microg/L, respectively) for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2, and comparative studies were made with a control group. Ten microl sperm samples were examined with CASA technique, 250 microl stained in the presence of 10 microg/ml Rh123 and PI, and mitochondrial function analyzed by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Significant differences were found between the experimental groups (final concentration 0.06 microg/L, 0.09 microg/L and 0.27 microg/L) and the control group in viability, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, progressive motility of human sperm and the number of spermatozoa with normal mitochondrial function (P < 0.01) except the final concentration 0.03 microg/L group (P > 0.05). Motility of human sperm lowered with the increase of rhTNF-alpha concentration and incubation time, and r values were 0.675, 0.691, 0.762, 0.693, 0.724 and 0.571, 0.594, 0.752, 0.791, 0.816, respectively (P < 0.01). The number of spermatozoa with normal mitochondrial function decreased with the increased rhTNF-alpha concentration and incubation time, and r values were 0.615, 0.643, 0.752, 0.691, 0.754 and 0.532, 0.567, 0.782, 0.692, 0.854, respectively (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>rhTNF-alpha can reduce human sperm motility function in vitro, possibly by interfering with human sperm mitochondrial function.</p>